{"308961":{"#nid":"308961","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Making a mental match: pairing a mechanical device with stroke patients","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe repetitive facilitation exercise (RFE) is one of the most common rehabilitation tactics for stroke patients attempting to regain wrist movement. Stroke hemiparesis individuals are not able to move that part of their body because they cannot create a strong enough neural signal that travels from the brain to the wrist.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWith RFE, however, patients get a mental boost. They are asked to think about moving. At the same time, a practitioner flexes the wrist. The goal is to send a long latency response from the stretch that arrives in the brain at the exact time the thought happens, creating a neural signal. The result is a strong, combined response that zips back to the forearm muscles and moves the wrist.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt all happens in a span of approximately 40 to 60 milliseconds.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cTiming is everything. When the window is that small, it\u2019s not easy for two people to match each other,\u201d said Georgia Institute of Technology master\u2019s graduate Lauren Lacey.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat\u2019s why Lacey and a team of fellow Georgia Tech researchers created a \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=6_f1blCNnUs\u0022\u003Emechanical device that takes people out of the process\u003C\/a\u003E, replacing them with accurate computers. Their functional MRI-compatible hemiparesis rehab device creates a long latency stretch reflex at the exact time as a brain signal.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIt\u2019s kind of like trying to fill a bucket with water,\u201d explained Minoru Shinohara, an associate professor in the School of Applied Physiology and director of the Human Neuromuscular Physiology Lab. \u201cStroke individuals can only mentally fill it halfway. The machine pours in the rest to make it full.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESo far, the research team has worked only with healthy individuals in their study. Study participants lie on a bed with the arm extended beneath a pneumatic actuator tendon hammer. In order to simulate the weak signal created by hemiparesis individuals to move their wrist, a transcranial magnetic stimulator (TMS) is placed on the heads of these healthy individuals at a 45-degree angle. Milliseconds after the hammer taps the wrist\u2019s tendon, the TMS creates a weak signal in the motor cortex. The responses overlap, produce and send a strong signal back to the arm, and the wrist moves.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe team has successfully varied the timing of the TMS signal and speed of the hammer to strike faster or slower depending on how much of a boost is needed to complement the brain signal. Now that the researchers have proven the viability of the TMS-actuator system, they will next work with stroke individuals.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe device is designed to adapt to people whether they are hyper, normo or hyporeflexive,\u201d said Lacey, who graduated in spring with a master\u2019s degree from the George Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAlso, because the machine is MRI-compatible, it will allow the team to study what is happening in the brain during rehab, opening the door for robotics.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cOnce we fully understand what is happening mentally and physiologically, we should be able to create a robot that can reproduce successful rehabilitative exercises such as RFE,\u201d said Jun Ueda, an associate professor in the School of Mechanical Engineering. \u201cIt appears that the timing is the critical piece of this exercise. Robots are great at timing, so the results are very promising for robotics.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech team was assisted by researchers at Japan\u2019s Kagoshima University, Kazumi Kawahira, Megumi Shimodozono and Yong Yu, who originally performed clinical studies of conventional RFE. The device was presented at the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.dmd.umn.edu\/\u0022\u003EDesign of Medical Devices Conference\u003C\/a\u003E in Minneapolis, Minnesota this spring.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under sub-award EEC 0540834. Any conclusions expressed are those of the principal investigator and may not necessarily represent the official views of the NSF.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech researchers have created a functional MRI-compatible hemiparesis rehab device that creates a long latency stretch reflex at the exact time as a brain signal. It is designed to assist stroke victims.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Mechanical rehab device taps a person\u0027s wrist while creating a signal in brain. The signals overlap int he brain and move and the wrist."}],"uid":"27560","created_gmt":"2014-07-16 10:17:58","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:16:45","author":"Jason Maderer","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2014-07-16T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2014-07-16T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"308921":{"id":"308921","type":"image","title":"Stroke Rehab Device","body":null,"created":"1449244726","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:58:46","changed":"1475895017","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:17","alt":"Stroke Rehab Device","file":{"fid":"199812","name":"14c10302-p36-006.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/14c10302-p36-006_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/14c10302-p36-006_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1681462,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/14c10302-p36-006_0.jpg?itok=XgsnwSO0"}},"308901":{"id":"308901","type":"image","title":"Lauren Lacey","body":null,"created":"1449244726","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:58:46","changed":"1475895017","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:17","alt":"Lauren Lacey","file":{"fid":"199810","name":"14c10302-p36-001.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/14c10302-p36-001_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/14c10302-p36-001_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1497171,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/14c10302-p36-001_0.jpg?itok=G-RRsTDe"}},"308931":{"id":"308931","type":"image","title":"Stroke Rehab Device Close-Up","body":null,"created":"1449244726","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:58:46","changed":"1475895017","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:17","alt":"Stroke Rehab Device Close-Up","file":{"fid":"199813","name":"14c10302-p36-008.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/14c10302-p36-008_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/14c10302-p36-008_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1835293,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/14c10302-p36-008_0.jpg?itok=byfM4qNX"}},"308911":{"id":"308911","type":"image","title":"Stroke Device Team Photo","body":null,"created":"1449244726","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:58:46","changed":"1475895017","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:17","alt":"Stroke Device Team Photo","file":{"fid":"199811","name":"14c10302-p36-002.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/14c10302-p36-002_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/14c10302-p36-002_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1906764,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/14c10302-p36-002_0.jpg?itok=seNtKc5L"}}},"media_ids":["308921","308901","308931","308911"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.cos.gatech.edu\/","title":"College of Sciences"},{"url":"http:\/\/coe.gatech.edu\/schools\/me","title":"George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ap.gatech.edu\/shinohara\/NeuromuscularLab.php","title":"Human Neuromuscular Physiology Lab"}],"groups":[{"id":"1237","name":"College of Engineering"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"1912","name":"brain"},{"id":"13887","name":"Jun Ueda"},{"id":"13888","name":"Minoru Shinohara"},{"id":"98031","name":"Rehab Device"},{"id":"167732","name":"Stroke"},{"id":"98041","name":"Wrist"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39441","name":"Bioengineering and Bioscience"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71891","name":"Health and Medicine"},{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003ENational Media Relations\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-385-2966\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["maderer@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"307751":{"#nid":"307751","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Your next opponent in Angry Birds could be a robot","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWith the help of a smart tablet and Angry Birds, children can now do something typically reserved for engineers and computer scientists: program a robot to learn new skills. The Georgia Institute of Technology project is designed to serve as a rehabilitation tool and to help kids with disabilities.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers have paired a small humanoid robot with an Android tablet. \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/youtu.be\/wNrHwSfA_lo\u0022\u003EKids teach it how to play Angry Birds\u003C\/a\u003E, dragging their finger on the tablet to whiz the bird across the screen. In the meantime, the robot watches what happens and records \u201csnapshots\u201d in its memory. The machine notices where fingers start and stop, and how the objects on the screen move according to each other, while constantly keeping an eye on the score to check for signs of success.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/youtu.be\/HAyvBK3-lNE\u0022\u003EWhen it\u2019s the robot\u2019s turn, it mimics the child\u2019s movements and plays the game\u003C\/a\u003E. If the bird is a dud and doesn\u2019t cause any damage, the robot shakes its head in disappointment. If the building topples and points increase, the eyes light up and the machine celebrates with a happy sound and dance.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe robot is able to learn by watching because it knows how interaction with a tablet app is supposed to work,\u201d said Georgia Tech\u2019s Ayanna Howard, Motorola Foundation Professor in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering who is leading the project. \u201cIt recognizes that a person touched here and ended there, then deciphers the information that is important and relevant to its progress.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe robot analyzes the new information and provides appropriate social responses while changing its play strategy.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cOne way to get robots more quickly into society is to design them to be flexible for end users,\u201d said Hae Won Park, Howard\u2019s postdoctoral fellow working closely on the project. \u201cIf a robot is only trained to perform a specific set of tasks and not able to learn and adapt to its owner or surroundings, its usefulness can become extremely limited.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat flexibility is one reason Howard and Park see their robot-smart tablet system as a future rehabilitation tool for children with cognitive and motor-skill disabilities. A clinician could program the robot to cater to a child\u2019s needs, such as turn taking or hand-eye coordination tasks, and then send the machine home.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnother benefit for rehab: parents don\u2019t always have time or enough patience for repetitive rehabilitation sessions. But a robot never gets tired or bored. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cImagine that a child\u2019s rehab requires a hundred arm movements to improve precise hand-coordination movements,\u201d said Howard. \u201cHe or she must touch and swipe the tablet repeatedly, something that can be boring and monotonous after a while. But if a robotic friend needs help with the game, the child is more likely to take the time to teach it, even if it requires repeating the same instructions over and over again. The person\u2019s desire to help their \u2018friend\u2019 can turn a five-minute, bland exercise into a 30-minute session they enjoy.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a new study, Howard and Park asked grade-school children to play Angry Birds with an adult watching nearby. Afterwards, the kids were asked to teach a robot how to play the game. The children spent an average of nine minutes with the game as the adult watched. They played nearly three times as long (26.5 minutes) with the robot. They also interacted considerably more with the robot than the person. Only 7 percent of their session with the adult included eye contact, gestures and talking. It was nearly 40 percent with the robot.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe next steps for the Georgia Tech team will include more games for the robot, including Candy Crush and ZyroSky. They will also recruit more children diagnosed with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and children with motor impairments to interact with the system. Their most recent study included two kids with ASD. Their interaction times with the adult were significantly less than those in the typically developing group. They were about the same with the robot. The findings were presented in June at the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.resna.org\/conference\/\u0022\u003ERehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America (RESNA) 2014 Annual Conference\u003C\/a\u003E in Denver. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis research was partially supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) under grant 1208287. Any conclusions expressed are those of the principal investigator and may not necessarily represent the official views of the NSF.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Georgia Tech team pairs humanoid with popular game to help  kids with rehabilitation"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWith the help of a smart tablet and Angry Birds, children can now do something typically reserved for engineers and computer scientists: program a robot to learn new skills. The Georgia Institute of Technology project is designed to serve as a rehabilitation tool and to help kids with disabilities.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"With the help of a smart tablet and Angry Birds, end users can now program a robot to learn new tasks."}],"uid":"27560","created_gmt":"2014-07-10 10:06:15","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:16:45","author":"Jason Maderer","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2014-07-10T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2014-07-10T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"307701":{"id":"307701","type":"image","title":"Robot Plays Angry Birds 2","body":null,"created":"1449244708","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:58:28","changed":"1475895017","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:17","alt":"Robot Plays Angry Birds 2","file":{"fid":"199780","name":"screen_shot_2014-07-10_at_9.43.09_am.png","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/screen_shot_2014-07-10_at_9.43.09_am_0.png","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/screen_shot_2014-07-10_at_9.43.09_am_0.png","mime":"image\/png","size":1881905,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/screen_shot_2014-07-10_at_9.43.09_am_0.png?itok=DFwF9yzZ"}},"307691":{"id":"307691","type":"image","title":"Robot Plays Angry Birds","body":null,"created":"1449244708","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:58:28","changed":"1475895017","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:17","alt":"Robot Plays Angry Birds","file":{"fid":"199779","name":"screen_shot_2014-07-10_at_9.41.03_am.png","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/screen_shot_2014-07-10_at_9.41.03_am_0.png","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/screen_shot_2014-07-10_at_9.41.03_am_0.png","mime":"image\/png","size":2327733,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/screen_shot_2014-07-10_at_9.41.03_am_0.png?itok=cT3ZZLz1"}},"307711":{"id":"307711","type":"image","title":"Robot Plays Angry Birds 3","body":null,"created":"1449244708","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:58:28","changed":"1475895017","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:17","alt":"Robot Plays Angry Birds 3","file":{"fid":"199781","name":"screen_shot_2014-07-10_at_9.44.03_am.png","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/screen_shot_2014-07-10_at_9.44.03_am_0.png","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/screen_shot_2014-07-10_at_9.44.03_am_0.png","mime":"image\/png","size":1791162,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/screen_shot_2014-07-10_at_9.44.03_am_0.png?itok=w6iQSOzh"}},"307721":{"id":"307721","type":"image","title":"Robot Plays Angry Birds 4","body":null,"created":"1449244708","gmt_created":"2015-12-04 15:58:28","changed":"1475895017","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:50:17","alt":"Robot Plays Angry Birds 4","file":{"fid":"199782","name":"hae_with_robot065.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/hae_with_robot065_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/hae_with_robot065_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":4117927,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/hae_with_robot065_0.jpg?itok=jDk7X3KS"}}},"media_ids":["307701","307691","307711","307721"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/fac_profiles\/bio.php?id=135","title":"Profile"},{"url":"http:\/\/robotics.gatech.edu\/","title":"Center for Robotics \u0026 Intelligent Machines"}],"groups":[{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"152","name":"Robotics"}],"keywords":[{"id":"97601","name":"Angry Birds"},{"id":"825","name":"Ayanna Howard"},{"id":"2352","name":"robots"},{"id":"166855","name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"}],"core_research_areas":[{"id":"39521","name":"Robotics"}],"news_room_topics":[{"id":"71881","name":"Science and Technology"}],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003ENational Media Relations\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-385-2966\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["maderer@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}}}