{"596973":{"#nid":"596973","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Fight Against Top Killer, Clogged Arteries, Garners Acclaimed NIH Award","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EVery many lives may someday depend on the work of researchers like Tony Kim. He\u0026rsquo;s fighting atherosclerosis, the foremost cause of coronary artery disease, which is\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/youtu.be\/ecuCECYhw_M\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EAmerica\u0026rsquo;s single greatest killer\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe National Institutes of Health has awarded Kim over $2.3 million in funding to boost his innovative research using\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/blogs.fda.gov\/fdavoice\/index.php\/2017\/04\/organs-on-chips-technology-fda-testing-groundbreaking-science\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Elife-mimicking laboratory chips\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;to explore the treatment of atherosclerosis. No other health hazard appears to be deadlier, as the condition is also behind\u0026nbsp;stroke, some chronic kidney diseases, peripheral artery disease, and carotid artery disease.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EKnown for its high prestige, the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commonfund.nih.gov\/newinnovator\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ENIH Director\u0026rsquo;s New Innovator Award\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/a\u003Eis\u0026nbsp;one of four\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/commonfund.nih.gov\/highrisk\u0022\u003EHigh-Risk, High-Reward awards\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;given annually, which recognize promising new projects that address challenges in biomedical research of pressing importance to human health.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEveryone is at risk\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EWe are all at risk for clogged arteries or hardening of the arteries, common terms for\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/health-topics\/topics\/atherosclerosis\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Eatherosclerosis\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIf atherosclerosis is detected in time, bypass surgery,\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.mayoclinic.org\/diseases-conditions\/high-blood-cholesterol\/in-depth\/statins\/art-20045772\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Edrugs that lower bad cholesterol\u003C\/a\u003E, and lifestyle changes can save lives. But many patients\u0026rsquo; conditions worsen in spite of these, and there is a strong need for better treatment options.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.statnews.com\/2016\/10\/31\/hdl-cholesterol\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EFailures in clinical trials of new potential treatments that raise levels of \u0026ldquo;good cholesterol\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;have underscored the need for better understanding of the therapeutic role of good cholesterols known as\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3215094\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Ehigh-density lipoprotein (HDL)\u003C\/a\u003E. They are the focus of the research for which Kim\u0026rsquo;s grant was awarded.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBad\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003Cstrong\u003E\u0026lsquo;good cholesterol\u0026rsquo;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ERecently, researchers have uncovered that good cholesterols are not always good. There are thousands of different HDLs, and, take together, they don\u0026rsquo;t work as they should in patients with coronary artery disease. Some HDLs even do bad things.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Researchers tried raising HDL\u0026nbsp;levels in patients\u0026rsquo; bloodstreams thinking patients\u0026rsquo; conditions might improve, but the coronary artery disease did not get better,\u0026rdquo; said\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.me.gatech.edu\/faculty\/kim\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EKim, an assistant professor in the George W. Woodruff School of\u0026nbsp;Mechanical Engineering\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;at the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/a\u003E. \u0026ldquo;Also, high levels of HDLs in the bloodstream don\u0026rsquo;t always protect people from atherosclerosis.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EKim is interested in HDLs\u0026rsquo; hit-or-miss qualities in atherosclerosis patients, and in how inflammation leads to HDLs\u0026rsquo; diminished effectiveness.\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2976566\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EProinflammatory proteins in the bloodstream junk up good HDL\u003C\/a\u003Es. \u0026ldquo;HDLs remake themselves all the time, and they can incorporate proinflammatory proteins, which disturb the traditional good cholesterol functions that HDL is known for,\u0026rdquo; Kim said.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Kim group could better understand the mechanisms behind that, and also find ways to leverage these for treatments. His team may be able to identify some HDL cocktails that reduce atherosclerosis despite raised proinflammatory proteins levels in the bloodstream of patients with coronary artery disease or chronic kidney disease.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EArtery-on-a-chip\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EKim\u0026rsquo;s proposed research that won the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.nih.gov\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003ENIH\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;award illuminates HDL interactions with proinflammatory proteins and with vascular tissues by mimicking some of them in the lab. Kim makes aspects of these interactions observable via a special slide called a\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/wyss.harvard.edu\/technology\/human-organs-on-chips\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Ehuman-coronary-artery-on-a-chip\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIt\u0026rsquo;s a clear\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.elveflow.com\/microfluidic-tutorials\/microfluidic-reviews-and-tutorials\/microfluidics\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Eplastic chip with microfluidic passages\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;lined with living arterial cells to form an artificial coronary artery. Inside the artificial arteries,\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.mbmn.gatech.edu\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EKim\u0026rsquo;s research group\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;experiments with what are called engineered high-density lipoproteins (eHDLs), nanoparticles synthesized to be near faultless samples of specific HDLs.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ENatural HDLs are often not as uniform in composition and size because of interactions with other proteins. On the other hand, Kim\u0026rsquo;s group can produce eHDLs with uniform properties, allowing for reliable experimental parameters. The eHDLs are\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.pbs.org\/wgbh\/nova\/next\/body\/reproducibility-explainer\/\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Ehighly reproducible, as are the experiments, the latter of which is essential in research\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;for cementing trustworthy results.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EInnovative\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2017\/lc\/c7lc00668c\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Emicrofluidic technology\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;allows for the robust production of \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/books.google.com\/books?id=hYjOBQAAQBAJ\u0026amp;pg=PA423\u0026amp;lpg=PA423\u0026amp;dq=multicomponent+nanomaterials\u0026amp;source=bl\u0026amp;ots=LJmfqI0IB_\u0026amp;sig=ymKF847Mq1n2pbBF7xk05XABno8\u0026amp;hl=en\u0026amp;sa=X\u0026amp;ved=0ahUKEwiM3Z-iz9nWAhUGOiYKHYPDBzUQ6AEIVjAH#v=onepage\u0026amp;q=multicomponent%20nanomaterials\u0026amp;f=false\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Emulticomponent nanomaterials\u003C\/a\u003E, in this case, the eHDLs and inflammatory proteins, in large quantities and varieties. As a result, Kim\u0026rsquo;s team can compile a comprehensive eHDL library with various functional proteins to see how they affect the artificial artery the way actual HDLs might in combination with inflammatory proteins affect real arteries in the body.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EOnce the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.dictionary.com\/browse\/in-vitro\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003Ein vitro\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;chip experiments yield results, Kim\u0026rsquo;s research group will work to corroborate them\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.medicinenet.com\/script\/main\/art.asp?articlekey=4034\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003E\u003Cem\u003Ein vivo\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;in experiments on a mouse model of atherosclerosis in collaboration with cardiology engineering researcher\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/medicine.emory.edu\/cardiology\/faculty-directory\/jo-hanjoong.html\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EHanjoong Jo at Emory University School of Medicine\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAtherosclerosis\u0026nbsp;brief description\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe old explanation about how cholesterol gunk coats blood vessels like lard is not quite correct, but animal fats are involved in atherosclerosis. Here\u0026rsquo;s a brief description of how the disease clogs arteries.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EOil and water don\u0026rsquo;t mix.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ESo, lipoproteins, which are large collections of particular protein molecules, wrap around lipids, which include\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/newsletter_article\/triglycerides-a-big-fat-problem\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Eoily fats called triglycerides\u003C\/a\u003E, to transport them through the bloodstream, which is water-based. Some lipoproteins, like the infamous\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/heart-disease\/ldl-cholesterol-the-bad-cholesterol#1\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Elow-density lipoproteins (LDLs)\u003C\/a\u003E, deliver lipids to cells, but HDLs pick them up from cells when it\u0026rsquo;s time for them to leave and take them to the liver for breakdown, a process called\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=q0YiPqmsXRg\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Ereverse cholesterol transport\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EIf there aren\u0026rsquo;t enough well-functioning HDLs in the bloodstream, reverse cholesterol transport can slow down, and the lipids amass in artery walls behind\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK26848\/#A4127\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Eendothelial cells, which make up the lining inside of arteries\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA healthy body maintains a balance between anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory proteins, so normally not too many HDLs are corrupted too badly. But when levels of proinflammatory proteins in the bloodstream rise, more HDLs get corrupted.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAs a result, lipids congregate in the arterial wall, along with immune cells that get stuck there, together forming plaque, which causes the arteries to narrow and constrict blood flow. The plaque can burst into the artery, clogging it even more.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EA heart attack or stroke can result.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.rh.gatech.edu\/features\/alzheimers-killing-mind-first\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EAlso READ: Alzheimer\u0026#39;s research, its vexing past, its future hopes\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Ch4\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHigh-Risk, High-Reward\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h4\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe name of the category of the NIH grant Kim received is High-Risk, High-Reward for a reason. The risk refers to a bold move into uncharted territory, according to the NIH.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe potential reward, in this case, could mean discovering new effective treatments against what appears to be the single deadliest killer of our times.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EKim sees high reward potential in the unique possibilities combining the human-\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Organ-on-a-chip\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Eorgan-on-a-chip technology\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;and the bioinspired nanotechnology provides. \u0026ldquo;You can\u0026rsquo;t do this type of work\u0026nbsp;\u003Cem\u003Ein vivo\u003C\/em\u003E,\u0026rdquo; Kim said. \u0026ldquo;And the high reproducibility is very valuable to sort out truly good candidates for treatment trials.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EShould the experiments result in nailing down a drug candidate, Kim\u0026rsquo;s lab will leverage its high-throughput manufacturing method to produce ample substances with high consistency for drug testing.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd the high risk in his view?\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Even if we find HDLs with specific functions, they may not work in the same way in our bodies because of HDLs\u0026rsquo; compositional and functional complexity. The body can still introduce unidentified proteins into the HDLs,\u0026rdquo; Kim said. \u0026ldquo;It\u0026rsquo;s always like that in human trials. Things we still don\u0026rsquo;t know about the body\u0026rsquo;s enormous biochemistry can get in the way.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026ldquo;Even so, the experiments may provide unprecedented insights into these complex nanoparticles and still move research forward toward better treatments. I think that, combined with all the engineering and scientific possibilities the work taps into, the high rewards dampen the potential risk.\u0026rdquo;\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003EThe NIH Director\u0026rsquo;s New Innovator Award covers five years of research funding and is given to a principal investigator who is in an early career stage and has never received a large-category NIH grant before.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003ETony Kim is also affiliated with Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/bme.gatech.edu\/bme\/faculty\/Tony-Kim\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EWallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory\u003C\/a\u003E, Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/petitinstitute.gatech.edu\/yongtae-kim\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EParker H. Petit Institute for\u0026nbsp;Bioengineering and Bioscience\u003C\/a\u003E, and Georgia Tech\u0026rsquo;s\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.ien.gatech.edu\/news\/professor-tony-kim-receives-aha-award-further-research-ending-heart-disease\u0022 rel=\u0022noopener noreferrer\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EInstitute for Electronics and\u0026nbsp;Nanotechnology\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n\r\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.rh.gatech.edu\/news\/593009\/microneedle-patches-flu-vaccination-successful-first-human-clinical-trial\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003EAlso READ: Successful human trials of painless\u0026nbsp;vaccine you give to yourself: Microneedle patches\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Georgia Tech\u0027s nanotech search for good cholesterol that works against atherosclerosis"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ENo disorder appears to kill more people than atherosclerosis, the foremost cause of coronary artery disease and stroke. Formerly hopeful experimental treatments to fight it with \u0026quot;good cholesterol,\u0026quot; or HDL,\u0026nbsp;have failed. New research reapproaches HDL with carefully\u0026nbsp;engineered nanoparticles in an organ-on-a-chip, in highly reproducible experiments in search\u0026nbsp;of what does work. And if something does, high-throughput production will be ready.\u003C\/p\u003E\r\n","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The fight to discover HDL cocktails that actually work against atherosclerosis, the #1 killer of our times, receives major funding."}],"uid":"31759","created_gmt":"2017-10-04 21:17:46","changed_gmt":"2017-10-06 20:21:01","author":"Ben Brumfield","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2017-10-05T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2017-10-05T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"596962":{"id":"596962","type":"image","title":"Coronary artery disease NIH","body":null,"created":"1507147960","gmt_created":"2017-10-04 20:12:40","changed":"1507223731","gmt_changed":"2017-10-05 17:15:31","alt":"","file":{"fid":"227542","name":"NIH heart 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