{"341161":{"#nid":"341161","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Extending Moore\u2019s Law: Epitaxial Graphene Shows Promise for Replacing Silicon in High-Performance Electronics","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EWritten by John Toon\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMove over silicon.\u0026nbsp; There\u2019s a new electronic material in town, and it goes fast.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat material, the focus of the 2010 Nobel Prize in physics, is graphene \u2013 a fancy name for extremely thin layers of ordinary carbon atoms arranged in a \u201cchicken-wire\u201d lattice. These layers, sometimes just a single atom thick, conduct electricity with virtually no resistance, very little heat generation \u2013 and less power consumption than silicon.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWith silicon device fabrication approaching its physical limits, many researchers believe graphene can provide a new platform material that would allow the semiconductor industry to continue its march toward ever-smaller and faster electronic devices \u2013 progress described in Moore\u2019s Law. Though graphene will likely never replace silicon for everyday electronic applications, it could take over as the material of choice for high-performance devices.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAnd graphene could ultimately spawn a new generation of devices designed to take advantage of its unique properties.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESince 2001, Georgia Tech has become a world leader in developing epitaxial graphene, a specific type of graphene that can be grown on large wafers and patterned for use in electronics manufacturing. In a recent paper published in the journal\u0026nbsp;\u003Cem\u003ENature Nanotechnology\u003C\/em\u003E, Georgia Tech researchers reported fabricating an array of 10,000 top-gated transistors on a 0.24 square centimeter chip, an achievement believed to be the highest density reported so far in graphene devices.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn creating that array, they also demonstrated a clever new approach for growing complex graphene patterns on templates etched into silicon carbide. The new technique offered the solution to one of the most difficult issues that had been facing graphene electronics.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThis is a significant step toward electronics manufacturing with graphene,\u201d said Walt de Heer, a professor in Georgia Tech\u2019s\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.physics.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003ESchool of Physics\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;who pioneered the development of graphene for high-performance electronics. \u201cThis is another step showing that our method of working with epitaxial graphene grown on silicon carbide is the right approach and the one that will probably be used for making graphene electronics.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUnrolled Carbon Nanotubes\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor de Heer, the story of graphene begins with carbon nanotubes, tiny cylindrical structures considered miraculous when they first began to be studied by scientists in 1991. De Heer was among the researchers excited about the properties of nanotubes, whose unique arrangement of carbon atoms gave them physical and electronic properties that scientists believed could be the foundation for a new generation of electronic devices.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECarbon nanotubes still have attractive properties, but the ability to grow them consistently \u2013 and to incorporate them in high-volume electronics applications \u2013 has so far eluded researchers. De Heer realized before others that carbon nanotubes would probably never be used for high-volume electronic devices.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBut he also realized that the key to the attractive electronic properties of the nanotubes was the lattice created by the carbon atoms. Why not simply grow that lattice on a flat surface, and use fabrication techniques proven in the microelectronics industry to create devices in much the same way as silicon integrated circuits?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBy heating silicon carbide \u2013 a widely-used electronic material \u2013 de Heer and his colleagues were able to drive silicon atoms from the surface, leaving just the carbon lattice in thin layers of graphene large enough to grow the kinds of electronic devices familiar to a generation of electronics designers.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThat process was the basis for a patent filed in 2003, and for initial research support from chip-maker Intel. Since then, de Heer\u2019s group has published dozens of papers and helped spawn other research groups also using epitaxial graphene for electronic devices. Though scientists are still learning about the material, companies such as IBM have launched research programs based on epitaxial graphene, and agencies such as the National Science Foundation (NSF) and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) have invested in developing the material for future electronics applications.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech\u2019s work on developing epitaxial graphene for manufacturing electronic devices was recognized in the background paper produced by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences as part of the Nobel Prize documentation.\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe race to find commercial applications for graphene is intense, with researchers from the United States, Europe, Japan and Singapore engaged in well-funded efforts. Since awarding of the Nobel to a group from the United Kingdom, the flood of news releases about graphene developments has grown.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cOur epitaxial graphene is now used around the world by many research laboratories,\u201d de Heer noted. \u201cWe are probably at the stage where silicon was in the 1950s. This is the beginning of something that is going to be very large and important.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESilicon \u201cRunning Out of Gas\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA new electronics material is needed because silicon is running out of miniaturization room.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cPrimarily, we\u2019ve gotten the speed increases from silicon by continually shrinking feature sizes and improving interconnect technology,\u201d said Dennis Hess, director of the National Science Foundation-sponsored\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.mrsec.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EMaterials Research Science and Engineering Center\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;(MRSEC) established at Georgia Tech to study future electronic materials, starting with epitaxial graphene. \u201cWe are at the point where in less than 10 years, we won\u2019t be able to shrink feature sizes any farther because of the physics of the device operation. That means we will either have to change the type of device we make, or change the electronic material we use.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt\u2019s a matter of physics. At the very small size scales needed to create ever more dense device arrays, silicon generates too much resistance to electron flow, creating more heat than can be dissipated and consuming too much power.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGraphene has no such restrictions, and in fact, can provide electron mobility as much as 100 times better than silicon. De Heer believes his group has developed the roadmap for the future of high-performance electronics \u2013 and it is paved with epitaxial graphene.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe have basically developed a whole scheme for making electronics out of graphene,\u201d he said. \u201cWe have set down what we believe will be the ground rules for how that will work, and we have the key patents in place.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESilicon, of course, has matured over many generations through constant research and improvement. De Heer and Hess agree that silicon will always be around, useful for low-cost consumer products such as iPods, toasters, personal computers and the like.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDe Heer expects graphene to find its niche doing things that couldn\u2019t otherwise be done.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe\u2019re not trying to do something cheaper or better; we\u2019re going to do things that can\u2019t be done at all with silicon,\u201d he said. \u201cMaking electronic devices as small as a molecule, for instance, cannot be done with silicon, but in principle could be done with graphene. The key question is how to extend Moore\u2019s Law in a post-CMOS world.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUnlike the carbon nanotubes he studied in the 1990s, de Heer sees no major problems ahead for the development of epitaxial graphene.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThat graphene is going to be a major player in the electronics of the future is no longer in doubt,\u201d he said. \u201cWe don\u2019t see any real roadblocks ahead. There are no flashing red lights or other signs that seem to say that this won\u2019t work. All of the issues we see relate to improving technical issues, and we know how to do that.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMaking the Best Graphene\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESince beginning the exploration of graphene in 2001, de Heer and his research team have made continuous improvements in the quality of the material they produce, and those improvements have allowed them to demonstrate a number of physical properties \u2013 such as the Quantum Hall Effect \u2013 that verify the unique properties of the material.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe properties that we see in our epitaxial graphene are similar to what we have calculated for an ideal theoretical sheet of graphene suspended in the air,\u201d said Claire Berger, a research scientist in the Georgia Tech School of Physics who also has a faculty appointment at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in France. \u201cWe see these properties in the electron transport and we see these properties in all kinds of spectroscopy. Everything that is supposed to be occurring in a single sheet of graphene we are seeing in our systems.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKey to the material\u2019s future, of course, is the ability to make electronic devices that work consistently. The researchers believe they have almost reached that point.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cAll of the properties that epitaxial graphene needs to make it viable for electronic devices have been proven in this material,\u201d said Ed Conrad, a professor in Georgia Tech\u2019s School of Physics who is also a MRSEC member. \u201cWe have shown that we can make macroscopic amounts of this material, and with the devices that are scalable, we have the groundwork that could really make graphene take off.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EReaching higher and higher device density is also important, along with the ability to control the number of layers of graphene produced. The group has demonstrated that in their multilayer graphene, each layer retains the desired properties.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cMultilayer graphene has different stacking than graphite, the material found in pencils,\u201d Conrad noted. \u201cIn graphite, every layer is rotated 60 degrees and that\u2019s the only way that nature can do it. When we grow graphene on silicon carbide, the layers are rotated 30 degrees. When that happens, the symmetry of the system changes to make the material behave the way we want it to.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEpitaxial Versus Exfoliated\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMuch of the world\u2019s graphene research \u2013 including work leading to the Nobel \u2013 involved the study of exfoliated graphene: layers of the material removed from a block of graphite, originally with tape. While that technique produces high-quality graphene, it\u2019s not clear how that could be scaled up for industrial production.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile agreeing that the exfoliated material has produced useful information about graphene properties, de Heer dismisses it as \u201ca science project\u201d unlikely to have industrial electronics application.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cElectronics companies are not interested in graphene flakes,\u201d he said. \u201cThey need industrial graphene, a material that can be scaled up for high-volume manufacturing. Industry is now getting more and more interested in what we are doing.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDe Heer says Georgia Tech\u2019s place in the new graphene world is to focus on electronic applications.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe are not really trying to compete with these other groups,\u201d he said. \u201cWe are really trying to create a practical electronic material. To do that, we will have to do many things right, including fabricating a scalable material that can be made as large as a wafer. It will have to be uniform and able to be processed using industrial methods.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResolving Technical Issues\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAmong the significant technical issues facing graphene devices has been electron scattering that occurs at the boundaries of nanoribbons. If the edges aren\u2019t perfectly smooth \u2013 as usually happens when the material is cut with electronic beams \u2013 the roughness bounces electrons around, creating resistance and interference.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo address that problem, de Heer and his team recently developed a new \u201ctemplated growth\u201d technique for fabricating nanometer-scale graphene devices. The technique involves etching patterns into the silicon carbide surfaces on which epitaxial graphene is grown. The patterns serve as templates directing the growth of graphene structures, allowing the formation of nanoribbons of specific widths without the use of e-beams or other destructive cutting techniques.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGraphene nanoribbons produced with these templates have smooth edges that avoid electron-scattering problems.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cUsing this approach, we can make very narrow ribbons of interconnected graphene without the rough edges,\u201d said de Heer. \u201cAnything that can be done to make small structures without having to cut them is going to be useful to the development of graphene electronics because if the edges are too rough, electrons passing through the ribbons scatter against the edges and reduce the desirable properties of graphene.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn nanometer-scale graphene ribbons, quantum confinement makes the material behave as a semiconductor suitable for creation of electronic devices. But in ribbons a micron or so wide, the material acts as a conductor. Controlling the depth of the silicon carbide template allows the researchers to create these different structures simultaneously, using the same growth process.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe same material can be either a conductor or a semiconductor depending on its shape,\u201d noted de Heer. \u201cOne of the major advantages of graphene electronics is to make the device leads and the semiconducting ribbons from the same material. That\u2019s important to avoid electrical resistance that builds up at junctions between different materials.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAfter formation of the nanoribbons, the researchers apply a dielectric material and metal gate to construct field-effect transistors. While successful fabrication of high-quality transistors demonstrates graphene\u2019s viability as an electronic material, de Heer sees them as only the first step in what could be done with the material.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhen we manage to make devices well on the nanoscale, we can then move on to make much smaller and finer structures that will go beyond conventional transistors to open up the possibility for more sophisticated devices that use electrons more like light than particles,\u201d he said. \u201cIf we can factor quantum mechanical features into electronics, that is going to open up a lot of new possibilities.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECollaborations with Other Groups\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBefore engineers can use epitaxial graphene for the next generation of electronic devices, they will have to understand its unique properties. As part of that process, Georgia Tech researchers are collaborating with scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The collaboration has produced new insights into how electrons behave in graphene.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a recent paper published in the journal\u0026nbsp;\u003Cem\u003ENature Physics\u003C\/em\u003E, the Georgia Tech-NIST team described for the first time how the orbits of electrons are distributed spatially by magnetic fields applied to layers of epitaxial graphene. They also found that these electron orbits can interact with the substrate on which the graphene is grown, creating energy gaps that affect how electron waves move through the multilayer material.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe regular pattern of magnetically-induced energy gaps in the graphene surface creates regions where electron transport is not allowed,\u201d said Phillip N. First, a professor in the Georgia Tech School of Physics and MRSEC member. \u201cElectron waves would have to go around these regions, requiring new patterns of electron wave interference. Understanding this interference would be important for some bi-layer graphene devices that have been proposed.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEarlier NIST collaborations led to improved understanding of graphene electron states, and the way in which low temperature and high magnetic fields can affect energy levels. The researchers also demonstrated that atomic-scale moir\u00e9 patterns, an interference pattern that appears when two or more graphene layers are overlaid, can be used to measure how sheets of graphene are stacked.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn a collaboration with the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, a group of Georgia Tech professors developed a simple and quick one-step process for creating nanowires on graphene oxide.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe\u2019ve shown that by locally heating insulating graphene oxide, both the flakes and the epitaxial varieties, with an atomic force microscope tip, we can write nanowires with dimensions down to 12 nanometers,\u201d said Elisa Riedo, an associate professor in the Georgia Tech School of Physics and a MRSEC member. \u201cAnd we can tune their electronic properties to be up to four orders of magnitude more conductive.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA New Industrial Revolution?\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThough graphene can be grown and fabricated using processes similar to those of silicon, it is not easily compatible with silicon. That means companies adopting it will also have to build new fabrication facilities \u2013 an expensive investment. Consequently, de Heer believes industry will be cautious about moving into a new graphene world.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cSilicon technology is completely entrenched and well developed,\u201d he admitted. \u201cWe can adopt many of the processes of silicon, but we can\u2019t easily integrate ourselves into silicon. Because of that, we really need a major paradigm shift. But for the massive electronics industry, that will not happen easily or gently.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHe draws an analogy to steamships and passenger trains at the dawn of the aviation age. At some point, it became apparent that airliners were going to replace both ocean liners and trains in providing first-class passenger service. Though the cost of air travel was higher, passengers were willing to pay a premium for greater speed.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe are going to see a coexistence of technologies for a while, and how the hybridization of graphene and silicon electronics is going to happen remains up in the air,\u201d de Heer predicted. \u201cThat is going to take decades, though in the next ten years we are probably going to see real commercial devices that involve graphene.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMaterials Research Science and Engineering Center\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn 2008, the National Science Foundation (NSF) awarded an $8 million Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) to a team of universities headed by Georgia Tech. Dennis Hess, a professor in the Georgia Tech School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, directs the center \u2013 which is focusing on future electronic materials \u2013 with graphene its first target.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cOur goal is to develop both the science and technology, and supply the education, outreach and training needed for the new kinds of scientists and engineers who will work with these new electronic materials,\u201d said Hess. \u201cWe want to link all of these things together to create a new platform for integrated circuits.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBeyond the knowledge of epitaxial graphene for electronics \u2013 which was developed at Georgia Tech \u2013 the MRSEC will also tap Georgia Tech\u2019s broad experience with microelectronics and nanoelectronics. \u201cIt will take both the knowledge of the material and a deep understanding of the electronics to make this work,\u201d he added.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBeyond Georgia Tech, the MRSEC involves the University of California \u2013 Berkeley, the University of California \u2013 Riverside, and the University of Michigan.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor more information on the MRSEC, please visit (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.mrsec.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003Ewww.mrsec.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Since 2001, Georgia Tech has become a world leader in developing epitaxial graphene, a specific type of graphene that can be grown on large wafers and patterned for use in electronics manufacturing."}],"uid":"28152","created_gmt":"2014-11-04 17:21:35","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:17:26","author":"Claire Labanz","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-01-06T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-01-06T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"341081":{"id":"341081","type":"image","title":"Research Horizons - 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Today, the six-employee construction business is thriving financially and planning to add more workers.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003ESeeking to make its laboratory processes more efficient via process improvement principles, Athens Regional Medical Center in Athens, Ga., worked with the Healthcare Performance Group at EI2 to decrease fluid-processing times by 66 percent, saving thousands of dollars.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EWhen Georgia food industry companies wanted to reduce product loss due to processing variations, engineers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) developed a camera-based system to ensure proper meat cooking, reducing waste and promoting food safety.\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe have a brick tower here at Georgia Tech, not an ivory tower,\u201d said Stephen Fleming, Georgia Tech vice president and executive director of the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/innovate.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EEnterprise Innovation Institute\u003C\/a\u003E. \u201cWe use Georgia Tech\u2019s expertise in science, technology and innovation to support Georgia businesses around the state.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA Half-Century of Outreach\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Manufacturing Extension Partnership (GaMEP) in EI2 was chartered in its original form in 1960 to help the state\u2019s industry. It began its existence as the Industrial Extension Service of the Engineering Experiment Station, which is now the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe GaMEP provides a broad set of services for improving the competitiveness of Georgia manufacturing companies. It offers direct technical and engineering assistance, as well as continuing education courses and networking opportunities.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGaMEP\u2019s staff of 30 engineers and other professionals work from nine Georgia Tech regional offices throughout the state. They offer broad expertise to client companies, and can also tap the extensive resources and expertise at the main campus.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIn fiscal 2009, EI2\u2019s Manufacturing Extension team helped manufacturing companies reduce operating costs by $67 million, increase sales by $143 million, and create or save 1,150 jobs,\u201d said Chris Downing, P.E., a mechanical engineer who directs of EI2\u2019s Industry Services unit.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIn addition to providing direct expertise, we take advantage of academic and research units such as the Georgia Tech Research Institute and the Manufacturing Research Center,\u201d Downing added. \u201cThat helps us improve Georgia companies\u2019 competitiveness through innovative solutions.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELean and Green\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELean enterprise techniques can help Georgia companies achieve major savings, said Larry Alford, director of the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gtlean.org\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Lean Consortium\u003C\/a\u003E, a service of the GaMEP.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cA lean enterprise focuses on eliminating waste throughout the business \u2013 waste that costs time and money but adds no value for your customers,\u201d Alford said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBuilding flexible, predictable and capable processes increases the resources that can be redirected into growth and innovation strategies.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhen you\u2019re sure of your ability to meet customers\u2019 needs, it\u2019s amazing how much time you have to be creative,\u201d he added.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERotary Corp., a Glennville, Ga., manufacturer, employs 450 people and recently turned out its 150 millionth lawnmower blade. Working with Robert Wray of EI2, the company participated in an initiative to identify new ideas and approaches to help the company grow.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERotary was able to evolve new product ideas and improve its ordering system. Ed Nelson, Rotary\u2019s president, credits the process with substantial benefits including $1.5 million in increased sales, $2 million in retained sales and 50 retained jobs. He adds that the company avoided $262,000 in unnecessary investments as a result of Georgia Tech\u2019s assistance.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECollaboration between Georgia companies is an important new direction that can translate into waste-eliminating process improvements, Alford said. He points to Kason Industries Inc. of Newnan, which is working with other Georgia enterprises through the Lean Consortium.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKason is participating in reciprocal meetings and plant tours with two other Newnan-area companies, E.G.O. North America Inc. and Bonnell Aluminum Inc. Currently, 34 organizations across the state are advancing their knowledge and use of lean principles through shared training and peer-to-peer relationships.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIn going through different factories and facilities, we\u2019re able to learn new ideas and then try to expand on them within our own facilities,\u201d said Skipper Schofield, continuous improvement manager for Kason.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEnergy and environmental management are also areas where companies can readily cut waste and become leaner. The Bostik plant in Calhoun, Ga., a facility belonging to a large adhesive and sealant maker, recently worked with EI2 energy specialist Jessica Brown to reduce its energy consumption.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAccording to production manager Dan Conetta, Brown\u2019s help allowed Bostik to reduce its energy consumption by some 56 percent, saving $40,000 annually.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe needed to move to a more sustainable mode of operation,\u201d Conetta said. \u201cThe level of expertise and the availability make the Enterprise Innovation Institute a valuable resource.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn fiscal year 2009, EI2 helped more than a dozen Georgia hospitals adopt process improvement techniques that reduce costs and improve service. With funding from Healthcare Georgia Foundation, EI2 is helping Peach Regional Medical Center in Fort Valley improve service quality and reduce costs with process-improvement techniques adapted from manufacturing.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPeach Regional\u2019s emergency department has already noted a 20 percent decrease in patients\u2019 average length of stay, said Nancy Peed, the hospital\u2019s CEO.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cI think of Georgia Tech as the world-class university with the local focus,\u201d said Dene Sheheane, Georgia Tech\u2019s director of governmental relations. \u201cI love the fact that we are consciously reaching out to towns and businesses throughout the state and saying to them, \u2018We\u2019re here for you \u2013 how can we collaborate with you?\u2019\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EOpening Doors for Business\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELearning to navigate the procurement processes of federal, state and local governments can be a challenge for small- and medium-size businesses. Smaller outfits can also have trouble keeping up with industry standards concerning manufacturing and business processes, as well as government health and safety regulations.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/gtpac.org\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Tech Procurement Assistance Center\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;(GTPAC), an EI2 unit, approaches the issue head-on. Working from nine locations throughout the state, GTPAC counselors provide classes and other services to Georgia businesses that address the ins and outs of becoming a government vendor.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGTPAC also maintains an online electronic bid-match service that collects contracting opportunities from more than 1,200 websites where government agencies post their needs. GTPAC e-mails clients with potential business opportunities daily.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESmaller Georgia manufacturers and businesses can be handicapped if they don\u2019t comply with worldwide industry standards such as ISO 9000 quality standards or with federal and state regulations governing workplace health and safety.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cA lot of our work is helping smaller companies become certified in standards such as ISO 9000,\u201d said Alan Barfoot, an EI2 senior research engineer who supports businesses in central Georgia. \u201cIt isn\u2019t new technology, but it\u2019s often critical for these companies to become certified\u003Cbr \/\u003Eto get new customers and grow their businesses.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen Thermal Ceramics, an Augusta insulation manufacturer, needed to revamp its quality management system, EI2 professionals helped the company streamline procedures and become fully ISO certified. As a result, the company increased sales by $6 million while saving $2 million in costs.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEI2 also works with the Occupational Health and Safety Program at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) to help hundreds of Georgia businesses comply with requirements of the federal Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cIt can be challenging for smaller businesses to deal with OSHA and state requirements, and we\u2019re here to help them comply fully and stay safe,\u201d said Daniel Ortiz, a GTRI principal research scientist who directs the OSHA programs at Georgia Tech.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMeanwhile, many regional manufacturers are facing intense competition from imported products. The\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/setaac.org\/\u0022\u003ESoutheastern Trade Adjustment Assistance Center\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;(SETAAC), based at EI2 and funded by the U.S. Department of Commerce, supports turnaround strategies for such companies.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn FY 2009, SETAAC helped 11 Georgia companies with 21 projects. The result was an increase in sales revenues of more than $1.7 million and the retention of 230 jobs.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESETAAC\u2019s work has also resulted in gains in the seven other Southeast states that it serves. In the last three years, SETAAC\u2019s clients have increased sales by 26 percent and improved productivity by 28 percent.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen Thomaston, Ga.-based Criterion Technology, an injection molding company, was hit by intense import competition, Mark Hannah, a SETAAC project manager, helped the company prepare an application for the Department of Commerce. The resulting funding allowed Criterion to make research, training and equipment investments that helped company sales rebound.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWhen we perform a diagnostic review of the company, we are looking for areas that can help the company improve,\u201d Hannah said. \u201cWe develop a list of strategic projects that will have the biggest impact on the firm.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESupporting Small Businesses\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.georgiambec.org\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Minority Business Enterprise Center\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;(GMBEC), another EI2 unit, concentrates on aiding minority-owned businesses. It places special emphasis on firms that have potential for rapid growth and high economic impact.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe GMBEC is sponsored by the U.S. Department of Commerce\u2019s Minority Business Development Agency. MBEC\u2019s project director, Donna Ennis, was recently named one of Atlanta\u2019s Top 100 Black Women of Influence by the Atlanta Business League.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cMinority business enterprises are growing faster in our state than the general business community, and in the past seven years GMBEC has helped these companies garner more than $400 million in contracts, financing and sales while creating more than 3,200 jobs,\u201d Ennis said. \u201cWhile these businesses do have the challenges of raising capital and penetrating markets, they\u2019re making real progress \u2013 and we\u2019re here to help them deal with those challenges and grow their Georgia businesses.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn another effort, Georgia Tech has teamed with the University of Georgia (UGA) in the\u0026nbsp;\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/ga-esb.org\/\u0022\u003EGeorgia Entrepreneur and Small Business Outreach Program\u003C\/a\u003E\u0026nbsp;(GESBO), funded by the OneGeorgia Authority to focus on smaller businesses outside metro Atlanta.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThrough GESBO, Georgia Tech provides technical and government procurement consultation to Georgia manufacturers and other businesses. UGA focuses on providing these companies with marketing support such as website development and e-commerce guidance.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKaren Fite, who directs Georgia Tech\u2019s regional network and is based in Athens, Ga., also leads GESBO for Georgia Tech. Among the program\u2019s new directions, she said, is a series of CEO forums, which are formal mentoring events where company leaders meet in a confidential environment to discuss business issues.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cDuring our first fiscal year of operation, we served approximately 1,000 companies in the smaller cities and rural areas of Georgia,\u201d Fite said. \u201cCompanies reported more than 440 new jobs, $42 million in new revenue, $11 million in new investments and $2 million in operational improvements.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThis article originally appeared in the Fall 2010 issue of Research Horizons, Georgia Tech\u2019s research magazine.\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech now serves a broad range of companies with a goal of helping them compete better in world markets."}],"uid":"28152","created_gmt":"2014-11-04 17:12:37","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:17:26","author":"Claire Labanz","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-20T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-20T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"341011":{"id":"341011","type":"image","title":"Research Horizons - 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He will be introduced to the Tech community on Oct. 6 at a 20th-anniversary event for the Manufacturing Research Center.\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cDr. Wang is an internationally renowned scholar and leader who will oversee Georgia Tech\u2019s interdisciplinary manufacturing programs and their impact on economic development,\u201d said Steve Cross, executive vice president for research. \u201cThrough his leadership, we will see a renaissance in manufacturing in this state.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWang will follow in the footsteps of Steven Danyluk, who served as the center\u2019s director from 1994 to 2010. In addition to his work at MaRC, Wang will also hold an appointment as a professor in the School of Industrial and Systems Engineering.\u0026nbsp; \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cOver the last 30 years, I have worked in various positions related to manufacturing \u2014 from operations and planning to strategy and policy,\u201d Wang said. \u201cThe approach we will take to reaching the center\u2019s goal of becoming the world\u2019s manufacturing thought leader and trendsetter is to create an innovation ecosystem. We will add substantial commercial, economic and societal values to Tech professors\u2019 inventions to license the technology to a company, create a joint venture or form a new spin-off company.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECurrently, Wang is director of the High-Performance Materials Institute at Florida State University. He also serves as an assistant vice president for research in engineering and holds the following three distinguished professorships: the Simon Ostrach Professor of Engineering, the FSU Distinguished Research Professor and the U.S. Department of Energy Samuel P. Massie Chair of Excellence.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWang earned his bachelor\u2019s in industrial engineering from Tunghai University in Taiwan and his master\u2019s in industrial engineering and PhD from Pennsylvania State University.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EStarting Jan. 1, 2012, Ben Wang will assume the role of Georgia Tech\u0027s chief manufacturing officer.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Starting Jan. 1, 2012, Ben Wang will assume the role of executive director of the Manufacturing Research Center (MaRC)."}],"uid":"27445","created_gmt":"2011-06-27 13:34:16","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:09:40","author":"Amelia Pavlik","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-27T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-27T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"68556":{"id":"68556","type":"image","title":"Ben Wang","body":null,"created":"1449177185","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:13:05","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14","alt":"Ben Wang","file":{"fid":"193333","name":"ben_wang.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ben_wang_1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ben_wang_1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":3066794,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ben_wang_1.jpg?itok=CXBtDfNN"}}},"media_ids":["68556"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.marc.gatech.edu\/","title":"Manufacturing Research Center (MARC)"}],"groups":[{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"}],"keywords":[{"id":"13523","name":"Ben Wang"},{"id":"13524","name":"executive director"},{"id":"13522","name":"Manufacturing Research Center"},{"id":"632","name":"marc"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:amelia.pavlik@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EAmelia Pavlik\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ECommunications \u0026amp; Marketing\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-385-4142\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"68573":{"#nid":"68573","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Swann Named Nash Professor in School of Industrial and Systems Engineering","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJulie Swann, co-director of\nthe Center for Health and Humanitarian Logistics within the H. Milton Stewart\nSchool of Industrial and Systems Engineering, has been named the Harold R. and\nMary Anne Nash Professor, effective July 1. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Nash professorship was\ncreated through an endowment established by H. Ronald Nash (IE 1970), Deborah\nNash Harris (IE 1978) and Michael R. Nash (IE 1974), the children of Mary Anne\nand Harold R. Nash (EE 1952), in honor of their parents.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ESwann\u2019s research focuses on developing\nmodels and analytical methods to solve problems in logistics and supply chain\nmanagement and inform decisions in health systems and policymaking.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EShe is also developing\neducational and outreach programs to governmental and non-governmental\norganizations that are involved in planning for and responding to short- and\nlong-term humanitarian crises, such as the pandemic influenza.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cI am truly honored to have\nbeen chosen for this professorship,\u201d Swann said. \u0026nbsp;\u201cI am dedicated to\nhaving a societal impact through health and humanitarian research, and I\u0027m\ndelighted to partner with the Nash family in furthering these causes. Their\nsupport will help further the role that operations research and industrial\nengineering can have in improving society.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ESwann received her B.S. in\nIndustrial Engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1996 and her\nM.S. and Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering and Management Sciences from\nNorthwestern in 1998 and 2001, respectively.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Nash family has a\nlongstanding and deep connection to Georgia Tech, having had three generations\neducated here and launched into successful careers.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cAs children of Harold and\nMary Anne Nash it has been our pleasure to see all of the great work being done\nat Georgia Tech in the field of humanitarian logistics,\u201d Ron Nash said.\u0026nbsp;\n\u201cThis important area of study is poised to bring incredible benefits to those\npeople displaced in disasters as we learn how to become far more efficient in\ngetting the right resources to those who need them the most.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJulie Swann, co-director of\nthe Center for Health and Humanitarian Logistics within the H. Milton Stewart\nSchool of Industrial and Systems Engineering, has been named the Harold R. and\nMary Anne Nash Professor, effective July 1.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":"","uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-06-27 15:15:51","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:09:40","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-27T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-27T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"59923":{"id":"59923","type":"image","title":"Julie Swann","body":null,"created":"1449176239","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:57:19","changed":"1475894520","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:00","alt":"Julie Swann","file":{"fid":"191033","name":"Swann_Julie_-_Bust.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Swann_Julie_-_Bust_1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Swann_Julie_-_Bust_1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1755966,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Swann_Julie_-_Bust_1.jpg?itok=4IoZjqEy"}},"68439":{"id":"68439","type":"image","title":"Ron Nash, Deborah Nash Harris and Mike Nash (Photo: Melissa Bugg)","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14","alt":"Ron Nash, Deborah Nash Harris and Mike Nash (Photo: Melissa Bugg)","file":{"fid":"192585","name":"nash.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/nash.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/nash.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":425219,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/nash.jpg?itok=uwzzmywG"}}},"media_ids":["59923","68439"],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"13530","name":"ISyE; Julie Swann; Nash Professorshiop"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"68574":{"#nid":"68574","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Assistant Professor Styczynski Receives DARPA Young Faculty Award","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMark Styczynski, an\nassistant professor in the School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at\nGeorgia Tech, has received a 2011 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency\nYoung Faculty Award for his research on metabolites, the small molecule\nbuilding blocks necessary for all cellular functions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EDARPA presents the Young\nFaculty Award to outstanding junior faculty whose research will enable\nrevolutionary advances in the areas of the physical sciences, engineering, and\nmathematics. The Young Faculty Award program will fund Styczynski\u2019s research\nthrough 2013.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EStyczynski\u2019s work involves\nidentifying millions of allosteric metabolite and protein interactions both\nefficiently and accurately.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cMetabolites are one of the\nmost direct, real-time readouts of cellular state that researchers can assay,\u201d Styczynski\nsaid. \u201cBut they also play a significant regulatory role, which is only beginning to be understood on a large scale.\u201d\u2028\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EPotential applications of Styczynski\u2019s\nresearch fall into the division of DARPA known as the Defense Sciences Office, which\nfocuses on developing technologies that will radically transform battlefield\nmedical care. By cataloging the infinite number of metabolite-protein\ninteractions, his research may lead to the development of a self-regulating\ndrug for soldiers in the field that shuts itself down when no longer needed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EStyczynski received his\nPh.D. from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 2007. He joined the faculty\nat Georgia Tech in 2009 after a postdoctoral appointment at the\u0026nbsp;Broad\nInstitute, a world-renowned genomic medicine research center located in\nCambridge, Mass.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMark Styczynski, an\nassistant professor in the School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at\nGeorgia Tech, has received a 2011 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency\nYoung Faculty Award for his research on metabolites, the small molecule\nbuilding blocks necessary for all cellular functions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":"","uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-06-27 15:45:51","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:09:40","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-27T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-27T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"68544":{"id":"68544","type":"image","title":"Dr. Mark Styczynski","body":null,"created":"1449177185","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:13:05","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14","alt":"Dr. Mark Styczynski","file":{"fid":"192600","name":"styczynski.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/styczynski_2.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/styczynski_2.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1311463,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/styczynski_2.jpg?itok=SHUxP8YY"}}},"media_ids":["68544"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.chbe.gatech.edu\/faculty\/styczynski.php","title":"Dr. Mark Styczynski"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"13531","name":"College of Engineering; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Mark Stycnski; DARPA Young Faculty Award"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"68576":{"#nid":"68576","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Associate Professor Grover to Receive Young Researcher Award","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMartha Grover, associate\nprofessor in the School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Georgia\nTech, has been named recipient of the 2011 Computing and Systems Technology Outstanding\nYoung Researcher Award, presented by the American Institute of Chemical\nEngineers (AIChE).\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe award, which is bestowed\nupon only one recipient each year, recognizes an individual under the age of 40\nfor outstanding contributions to chemical engineering computing and systems\ntechnology literature.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EA member of the Center for\nChemical Evolution and the Center for Organic\u0026nbsp;Photonics and Electronics at\nGeorgia Tech, Grover conducts research that focuses on understanding\nmacromolecular organization and the emergence of biological function through\nthe kinetics of self-assembly, stochastic modeling, model reduction, machine\nlearning, experimental design, robust parameter design and estimation.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EA 2004 recipient of a\nNational Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development Program Award, Grover\njoined the Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering faculty in 2003 after\nreceiving her doctorate degree from the California Institute of Technology.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EGrover will formally receive\nthe Outstanding Young Researcher Award at the Computing and Systems Technology\nDivision dinner, which will be held at the AIChE Annual Meeting this fall in\nMinneapolis. Sponsored by Air Products and Chemicals, Inc., the award includes\na plaque and $3,000. In a congratulatory letter, Mayuresh V. Kothare, chair of the AIChE Computing and Systems Technology Division Awards committee, lauded Grover for developing methods for engineering materials structures that are both systematic and practical.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMartha Grover, associate\nprofessor in the School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Georgia\nTech, has been named recipient of the 2011 Computing and Systems Technology Outstanding\nYoung Researcher Award, presented by the American Institute of Chemical\nEngineers (AIChE).\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":"","uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-06-27 15:57:07","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:09:40","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-27T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-27T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"68539":{"id":"68539","type":"image","title":"Dr. Martha Grover","body":null,"created":"1449177185","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:13:05","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14","alt":"Dr. Martha Grover","file":{"fid":"192599","name":"grover2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/grover2_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/grover2_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2850381,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/grover2_0.jpg?itok=Xmj_5OVX"}}},"media_ids":["68539"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.chbe.gatech.edu\/faculty\/grover.php","title":"Dr. Martha Grover"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"13532","name":"College of Engineering; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; Martha Grover; Computing and Systems Technology; Outstanding Young Researcher Award; American Institute of Chemical Engineerings."}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"68577":{"#nid":"68577","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Meta-Analysis Reveals Patterns of Bacteria-Virus Infection Networks","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EBacteria are common sources of infection, but these microorganisms can themselves be infected by even smaller agents: viruses. A new analysis of the interactions between bacteria and viruses has revealed patterns that could help scientists working to understand which viruses infect which bacteria in the microbial world.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA meta-analysis of the interactions shows that the infection patterns exhibit a nested structure, with hard-to-infect bacteria infected by generalist viruses and easy-to-infect bacteria attacked by both generalist and specialist viruses.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Although it is well known that individual viruses do not infect all bacteria, this study provides an understanding of possibly universal patterns or principles governing the set of viruses able to infect a given bacteria and the set of bacteria that a given virus can infect,\u0022 said Joshua Weitz, an assistant professor in the School of Biology at the Georgia Institute of Technology.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDiscovering this general pattern of nested bacteria-virus infection could improve predictions of microbial population dynamics and community assembly, which affect human health and global ecosystem function. Knowing the patterns of which bacteria are susceptible to which viruses could also provide insights into strategies for viral-based antimicrobial therapies.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe results of the meta-analysis were published June 27, 2011 in the early edition of the journal \u003Cem\u003EProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003C\/em\u003E. The work was sponsored by the James S. McDonnell Foundation, the Defense Advanced Projects Research Agency and the Burroughs Wellcome Fund.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech physics graduate student Cesar Flores, Michigan State University zoology graduate student Justin Meyer, Georgia Tech biology undergraduate student Lauren Farr, and postdoctoral researcher Sergi Valverde from the University Pompeu Fabra in Barcelona, Spain also contributed to this study.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research team compiled 38 laboratory studies of interactions between bacteria and phages, the viruses that infect them. The studies represented approximately 12,000 distinct experimental infection assays across a broad spectrum of diversity, habitat and mode of selection. The studies covered a 20-year period and included hundreds of different host and phage strains.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers converted each study into a matrix with rows containing bacterial types, columns containing phage strains, and cells with zeros or ones to indicate whether a given pair yielded an infection. Then they applied a rigorous network theory approach to examine whether the interaction networks exhibited a nonrandom structure, conformed to a characteristic shape, or behaved idiosyncratically -- making them hard to predict. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOf the 38 studies, the researchers found 27 that showed significant nestedness. Nestedness was measured by the extent to which phages that infected the most hosts tended to infect bacteria that were infected by the fewest phages. The researchers used statistical tests to rule out forms of bias. However, because the majority of the data consisted of closely related species, the researchers anticipate that more complex patterns of infection may form with species with more genetic diversity. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Considering the large range of taxa, habitats and sampling techniques used to construct the matrices, the repeated sampling of a nested pattern of host-phage infections is salient, but the process driving the nestedness is not obvious. The pattern suggests a common mechanism or convergent set of mechanisms underlying microbial co-evolution and community assembly,\u0022 explained Weitz.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers examined three hypotheses to explain the nestedness pattern based on biochemical, ecological and evolutionary principles, but found that additional experiments will be required to determine why this pattern occurs so often. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis meta-analysis demonstrated the utility of network methods as a means for discovering novel interaction patterns. According to the researchers, viewing host-phage interaction networks through this type of unifying lens more often will likely unveil other hidden commonalities of microbial and viral communities that transcend species identity. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis research was supported in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (Award No. HR0011-09-1-0055). The content is solely the responsibility of the principal investigator and does not necessarily represent the official views of DARPA.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"A meta-analysis of bacteria-virus infections reveals a nested structure, with hard-to-infect bacteria infected by generalist viruses and easy-to-infect bacteria attacked by generalist \u0026amp; specialist viruses.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Study reveals bacteria-virus infection patterns exhibit nestedness."}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-06-27 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:09:40","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-27T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-27T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"68578":{"id":"68578","type":"image","title":"Joshua Weitz","body":null,"created":"1449177185","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:13:05","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14"},"68579":{"id":"68579","type":"image","title":"bacteria-virus matrix","body":null,"created":"1449177185","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:13:05","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14"},"68580":{"id":"68580","type":"image","title":"Bacteria-phage nested pattern","body":null,"created":"1449177185","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:13:05","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14"}},"media_ids":["68578","68579","68580"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.biology.gatech.edu\/people\/joshua-weitz","title":"Joshua Weitz"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.biology.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Biology"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7077","name":"bacteria"},{"id":"13535","name":"bacteria-virus interaction"},{"id":"10660","name":"infection"},{"id":"13536","name":"infection pattern"},{"id":"11599","name":"Joshua Weitz"},{"id":"13533","name":"meta-analysis"},{"id":"13537","name":"nested structure"},{"id":"13534","name":"Phage"},{"id":"4292","name":"virus"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"68594":{"#nid":"68594","#data":{"type":"news","title":"LiquidText Software Supports Active Reading with Fingertip Gestures","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMany reading tasks require individuals to not only read a document, but also to understand, learn from and retain the information in it. For this type of reading, experts recommend a process called active reading, which involves highlighting, outlining and taking notes on the text.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have developed software that facilitates an innovative approach to active reading. Taking advantage of touch-screen tablet computers, the LiquidText software enables active readers to interact with documents using finger motions. LiquidText can significantly enhance the experiences of active readers, a group that includes students, lawyers, managers, corporate strategists and researchers.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Most computer-based active reading software seeks to replicate the experience of paper, but paper has limitations, being in many ways inflexible,\u0022 said Georgia Tech graduate student Craig Tashman. \u0022LiquidText offers readers a fluid-like representation of text so that users can restructure, revisualize and rearrange content to suit their needs.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELiquidText was developed by Tashman and Keith Edwards, an associate professor in the Georgia Tech School of Interactive Computing. The software can run on any Windows 7 touchscreen computer.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDetails on LiquidText were presented in May 2011 at the Association for Computing Machinery\u0027s annual Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI) in Vancouver, Canada. Development of LiquidText was supported by the National Science Foundation, Steelcase, Samsung and Dell.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EActive reading demands more of the reading medium than simply advancing pages, Edwards noted. Active readers may need to create and find a variety of highlights and comments, and move rapidly among multiple sections of a document.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022With paper, it can be difficult to view disconnected parts of a document in parallel, annotation can be constraining, and its linear nature gives readers little flexibility for creating their own navigational structures,\u0022 said Edwards.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/liquidtext.net\/demos\/\u0022\u003EWatch videos describing how LiquidText works.\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003ELiquidText provides flexible control of the visual arrangement of content, including both original text and annotations. To do this, the software uses a number of common fingertip gestures on the touchscreen and introduces several novel gestures. For example, to view two areas of a document at once, the user can pinch an area of text and collapse it.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EActive reading involves annotation, content extraction and fast, fluid navigation among multiple portions of a document. To accomplish these tasks, LiquidText integrates a traditional document reading space with a dedicated workspace area where the user can organize excerpts and annotations of a text -- without losing the links back to their sources. In these spaces, the user can perform many actions, including:\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003EHighlight text\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EComment about text\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EExtract text\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003ECollapse text\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EBookmark text\u003C\/li\u003E\u003Cli\u003EMagnify text\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor commenting, LiquidText breaks away from the traditional one-to-one mapping between content and comments. Comment objects can refer to any number of pieces of content across a document, or even multiple documents. Comments can be pulled off, rearranged and grouped with other items while maintaining a persistent link back to the content they refer to. To add a comment, users simply select the desired text and begin typing.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EContent can also be copied and extracted using LiquidText. Once a section of text has been selected, the user creates an excerpt simply by dragging the selection into the workspace until it \u0022snaps off\u0022 of the document. The original content remains in the document, although it is tinted slightly to indicate that an excerpt has been made from it. Excerpts can be freely laid out in the workspace area or be attached to one another or to documents to form groups, while each excerpt can also be traced back to its source.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The problem with paper and some software programs is that the comments must generally fit in the space of a small margin and can only be linked to a single page of text at a time,\u0022 said Tashman. \u0022LiquidText\u0027s more flexible notion of comments and large workspace area provide space for organizing and manipulating any comments or document excerpts the user may have created.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to traditional zooming and panning, the user can create a magnifying glass in the workspace by tapping with three fingers. The magnifying glass zooms in on select areas while allowing the user to maintain an awareness of the workspace as a whole. Users can manipulate the magnifying glass with simple multi-touch gestures, such as pinching or stretching to resize the lens, or rotating to change the zoom level -- like the zoom lens of a camera. Users can position, resize and control the zoom level of the magnifying glasses in a continuous motion by movements of the hand alone.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe ability to move within a document, search for text, turn a page, or flip between locations to compare parts of a text is also important for active reading. To complete these actions, LiquidText allows users to collapse text, dog-ear text and create magnified views of text.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022In contrast to traditional document viewing software, in which users must create separate panes and scroll them individually, LiquidText\u0027s functionality lets a user view two or more document areas with just one action, parallelizing an otherwise serial task,\u0022 explained Edwards.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESince developing their initial prototype, the researchers have refined the software based on feedback from designers and human factors professionals, and active readers that included managers, lawyers, students and strategists.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETashman is currently working with Georgia Tech\u0027s Enterprise Innovation Institute to form a startup company to commercialize the technology. The $15,000 Georgia Tech Edison Prize he won, along with $43,000 in grants from the Georgia Research Alliance, will help launch the new company that plans to introduce LiquidText to the public later this year.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Edison Prize was established to encourage formation of startup companies based on technology developed at Georgia Tech, and was made possible by a multi-year grant from the Charles A. Edison Fund, named for the inventor\u0027s son. Presentation of the prize, the second to be awarded from the Fund, was part of the Georgia Tech Graduate Research and Innovation Conference held Feb. 8, 2011.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis project is supported in part by the National Science Foundation (Award No. IIS-0705569). The content is solely the responsibility of the principal investigator and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NSF.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E Georgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E 75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E Atlanta, Georgia 30308 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech College of Computing researchers have developed innovative software for active reading, an activity that involves highlighting, outlining and taking notes on a document.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"LiquidText software takes an innovative approach to active reading."}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-06-28 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:09:40","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-28T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-28T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"68595":{"id":"68595","type":"image","title":"Craig Tashman and Keith Edwards","body":null,"created":"1449177185","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:13:05","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14"},"68596":{"id":"68596","type":"image","title":"LiquidText software","body":null,"created":"1449177185","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:13:05","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14"},"68597":{"id":"68597","type":"image","title":"LiquidText screen","body":null,"created":"1449177185","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:13:05","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14"}},"media_ids":["68595","68596","68597"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/liquidtext.net\/","title":"LiquidText"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/people\/keith-edwards","title":"Keith Edwards"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/","title":"College of Computing"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"139","name":"Business"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"143","name":"Digital Media and Entertainment"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"13544","name":"active reading"},{"id":"13545","name":"annotation"},{"id":"654","name":"College of Computing"},{"id":"13547","name":"Comment"},{"id":"13552","name":"corporate strategist"},{"id":"13542","name":"Craig Tashman"},{"id":"13548","name":"fingertip gesture"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"68598":{"#nid":"68598","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Aerial Robotics Team Flies High at Annual Flight Competition","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Aerial Robotics team soared to new heights at the spring\n2011 International Micro Aerial Vehicle Competition, capturing 1st place in\nboth the outdoor autonomy and outdoor flight dynamics contests. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech team joined university teams from all over the world for\nthe competition, held this year at Redstone Arsenal, Calhoun Community College\nand the Alabama Robotics Technology Park in and around Huntsville, Ala., from\nMay 23 - 27.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThis year\u2019s competition\nfocused on the autonomy of each flying vehicle, with the judges awarding more\npoints for inventions that operated without using remote or video control. Each\nteam was required to restrict the size and weight of their vehicles, to compete\nunder time constraints, and to combat external flight obstacles such as the\nwind during outdoor drills.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EFor this year\u2019s competition, the Georgia Tech Aerial Robotics team\npartnered with Atlanta-based Adaptive Flight, Inc., which provided the team\nwith one of its Hornet vehicles\u2014a micro, unmanned rotorcraft system. Developed\nfor military surveillance use, the Hornet is one of the world\u2019s smallest and\nmost advanced helicopters, equipped with an autopilot system, GPS-coupled\nnavigation tools, and an advanced mechanism that allows it to drop objects on\nspecific targets. The team then modified the hardware and software of the craft\nfor two missions for the competition.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe team exceeded previous records set during the event\u2019s flight tests\nduring the competition. For the outdoor autonomy competition, the team\u2019s Hornet\nwas able to complete a specified course, identify and drop balls on two\ntargets, and land in a designated area in three minutes, beating the time\nallotment of 10 minutes. The team was also able to complete the highest number\nof circuits around the outdoor flight dynamics course in a four-minute window.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EEstablished in 1991, the Georgia Tech Aerial Robotics team consists of\nundergraduate and graduate students as well as researchers from the Daniel\nGuggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering and the School of Electrical and\nComputer Engineering. Lockheed Martin Associate Professor of Avionics Integration\nEric Johnson of the School of Aerospace Engineering is the faculty advisor for\nthe team.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESponsored by the Association for Unmanned Vehicle Systems International, the International Micro Aerial Vehicle Competition takes place once a year in different parts of the world and serves as a platform to exchange and showcase new concepts in aerial automation and robotics technology.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Aerial\nRobotics team soared to new heights at the spring 2011 International Micro\nAerial Vehicle Competition, capturing 1st place in both the outdoor autonomy\nand outdoor flight dynamics contests.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Georgia Tech Aerial Robotics team took 1st place in both the outdoor autonomy and flight dynamics contests."}],"uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-06-28 11:53:06","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:09:40","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-28T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-28T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"68599":{"id":"68599","type":"image","title":"Georgia Tech Aerial Robotics Team - spring 2011","body":null,"created":"1449177185","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:13:05","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14","alt":"Georgia Tech Aerial Robotics Team - spring 2011","file":{"fid":"192616","name":"gtar.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/gtar_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/gtar_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":45158,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/gtar_0.jpg?itok=zB_EgkM5"}}},"media_ids":["68599"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/uav.ae.gatech.edu\/","title":"Additional team information"},{"url":"http:\/\/springimav2011.org\/","title":"Spring 2011 International Micro Aerial Vehicle Competition"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.adaptiveflight.com\/","title":"Adaptive Flight, Inc."}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"13558","name":"College of Engineering; Georgia Tech Aerial Robotics; International Micro Aerial Vehicle Competition"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"68650":{"#nid":"68650","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Two Georgia Tech Student Teams Excel at RoboBoat Competition","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ETwo Georgia Tech RoboBoat\nTeams made it to the finals in the 4th International RoboBoat Competition, held\nJune 9-12 in Virginia Beach. Georgia Tech Aerospace System Design Laboratory placed 3rd\u0026nbsp;and the Georgia Tech Savannah Robots placed 7th\u0026nbsp;out\nof 15 university teams competing. Georgia Tech was the only school represented\nby two independent teams, and the first to have two teams place in the top\nhalf.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\u0026nbsp;RoboBoat\nCompetition is a student robotics\u0026nbsp;challenge in which teams design and race\nautonomous surface vehicles through an aquatic obstacle course. The Association of Unmanned\nVehicle Systems Foundation and the Office of Naval Research jointly sponsored\nthe event.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring this year\u0027s competition,\n150 students from across the U.S., Taiwan and Indonesia competed for the title\nof \u0022Best RoboBoat\u0022 and $20,000 in prize money.\u0026nbsp; The robotic\nboats were asked to perform a series of progressively difficult tasks that\nsimulate the types of activities that are expected of robotic craft built for\nthe U.S. Navy and Coast Guard.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Aerospace\nSystem Design Laboratory\u2019s Marine Robotics Group took home third place and\n$3,000. The team is made up of Aerospace Engineering graduate students Alan\nSmith, Sean Culpepper, David Moroniti, Eric Van Gehuchten and Pierre Valdez;\nElectrical and Computer Engineering graduate student Edward Macdonald; Computer\nscience undergraduates Patrick Dillon and Alex Okonishnikov; Mechanical\nengineering undergraduates Chris Taylor and Jeff Carpenter. The team\u2019s advisor\nis Professor Dimitri Mavris from the School of Aerospace Engineering.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Marine Robotics Group\u2019s autonomous\nsurface vehicle, Captain Planet, was designed to have superior performance, robust\nlow-level controls and to complete the mission in the minimum amount of time,\nsaid Santiago Balestrini, a research faculty member at the Aerospace System\nDesign Laboratory, and the team\u2019s technical advisor.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cAchieving the third objective\nproved difficult due to the complexity of these robots and the changing\nenvironmental conditions, but the team most definitely excelled in achieving\nthe first two,\u201d Balestrini said. \u0026nbsp;\u201cGT-MRG\u2019s\ndesign was the second lightest and produced more thrust than most designs,\ngiving it a large advantage in thrust-to-weight ratio, an often neglected, yet a\nkey performance parameter of the judge\u2019s scoring rubric.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Savannah\nRobotics team earned 7th\u0026nbsp;place and $500. Advised by Fumin Zhang,\nassistant professor in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the\nSavannah team is made up of Electrical and Computer Engineering graduate\nstudents Steven Bradshaw, Dongsik Chang, Shayok Mukhopadhyay and Klimka\nSzwaykowska; Computer engineering undergraduate Will Crick; Electrical\nengineering undergraduates Valerie Bazie, Lisa Hicks, Sean Maxon and Casey T.\nSmith.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe team\u0027s autonomous surface vehicle, Victoria,\nfeatured an onboard embedded computing system and a long-range wireless system,\nwhich\u0026nbsp;resulted in a significant reduction in weight and helped the team\nadvance\u0026nbsp;to the\u0026nbsp;final\u0026nbsp;round of competition.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u201cThis year\u2019s design included\na long range wireless system which prevented connectivity issues during runs,\u201d\nsaid Shayok Mukhopadhyay, a graduate student on the team. \u201cThis saved the team\nmission time and enabled us to perform multiple runs within a single time slot.\nAll of our technical changes, backed by our team spirit propelled us into the finals\nthis year.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ETwo Georgia Tech RoboBoat Teams made it to the\nfinals in the 4th International RoboBoat Competition, held June 9-12 in\nVirginia Beach. Georgia Tech Aerospace System Lab placed 3rd\u0026nbsp;and the\nGeorgia Tech Savannah Robots placed 7th\u0026nbsp;out of 15 university teams competing.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Two Georgia Tech RoboBoat Teams made it to the finals in the 4th International RoboBoat Competition."}],"uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-06-29 15:29:03","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:09:40","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-29T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-29T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"68652":{"id":"68652","type":"image","title":"Georgia Tech Aerospace System Lab\u2019s Marine Robotics Group","body":null,"created":"1449177185","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:13:05","changed":"1475894597","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:17","alt":"Georgia Tech Aerospace System Lab\u2019s Marine Robotics Group","file":{"fid":"192625","name":"marine_robotics_group.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/marine_robotics_group_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/marine_robotics_group_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":269738,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/marine_robotics_group_0.jpg?itok=NDipPFD_"}},"68653":{"id":"68653","type":"image","title":"Georgia Tech Aerospace System Lab\u0027s Marine Robotics Group - June  2011","body":null,"created":"1449177185","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:13:05","changed":"1475894597","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:17","alt":"Georgia Tech Aerospace System Lab\u0027s Marine Robotics Group - June  2011","file":{"fid":"192626","name":"marine_robotics_group_-_2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/marine_robotics_group_-_2_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/marine_robotics_group_-_2_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2500324,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/marine_robotics_group_-_2_0.jpg?itok=8Ct21jvf"}},"68651":{"id":"68651","type":"image","title":"Georgia Tech Savannah Robots - June 2011","body":null,"created":"1449177185","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:13:05","changed":"1475894597","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:17","alt":"Georgia Tech Savannah Robots - June 2011","file":{"fid":"192624","name":"savannah_roboboat_-_2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/savannah_roboboat_-_2_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/savannah_roboboat_-_2_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":3821355,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/savannah_roboboat_-_2_0.jpg?itok=epGJMR7E"}}},"media_ids":["68652","68653","68651"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/mrg.gatech.edu\/wordpress\/","title":"Georgia Tech Aerospace System Lab\u2019s Marine Robotics Group"},{"url":"http:\/\/gtsr.gtsav.gatech.edu\/robots\/asv\/victoria","title":"on Georgia Tech Savannah Robotics"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.auvsifoundation.org\/AUVSI\/FOUNDATION\/Competitions\/RoboBoat\/Default.aspx","title":"Internal RoboBoat Competition"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"13571","name":"College of Engineering; Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering; Georgia Tech-Savannah; Georgia Tech Aerospace Systems Lab; Marine Robotics Group; Georgia Tech Savannah; RoboBoat Competition"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"68656":{"#nid":"68656","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Call for Nominations: Ivan Allen Jr. Prize for Social Courage","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/ivanallenprize.gatech.edu\/home\/\u0022\u003EIvan Allen Jr. Prize for Social Courage\u003C\/a\u003E is awarded to\nsomeone whose personal courage has positively affected public discourse and the quality of life and living for his or\nher community\u0026nbsp;at the\nrisk of his or her own career, livelihood or life. The Prize includes a\n$100,000 grant and is awarded in honor of Ivan Allen Jr., who was a pivotal national\nleader during America\u0027s struggle for racial integration during the 1960s. The\nPrize is made possible through a grant from the Wilbur and Hilda Glenn Family\nFoundation and was awarded last year to former Senator Sam Nunn. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ENominations are now being sought for review by the nominating\ncommittee composed of faculty, students and public members, to pass along to Georgia\nTech President G. P. \u201cBud\u201d Peterson for final selection. \u003Cstrong\u003ETo nominate an\nindividual for the Prize, please send an e-mail by July 20, 2011\u003C\/strong\u003E, identifying your candidate\u2019s\nname and country of residence, and including a brief explanation in support of\nyour candidate and your personal contact information to \u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:ivanallenprize@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eivanallenprize@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe prize is awarded to someone whose personal courage has positively affected public discourse at the risk of his or her own career, livelihood or life. Nominations are now being sought for review by a committee composed of faculty, students and public members.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Recognizing an individual whose personal courage has positively affected public discourse at the risk of his or her own career, livelihood or life"}],"uid":"27299","created_gmt":"2011-06-30 15:06:16","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:09:40","author":"Michael Hagearty","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-30T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-30T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"64799":{"id":"64799","type":"image","title":"Ivan Allen Jr.","body":null,"created":"1449176765","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:05","changed":"1475894571","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:51","alt":"Ivan Allen Jr.","file":{"fid":"192100","name":"IAC.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/IAC_1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/IAC_1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":883585,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/IAC_1.jpg?itok=0ycYgBjk"}}},"media_ids":["64799"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/ivanallenprize.gatech.edu\/home","title":"Ivan Allen Jr. Prize for Social Courage"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"}],"keywords":[{"id":"13572","name":"glenn family foundation"},{"id":"949","name":"ivan allen"},{"id":"167043","name":"Sam Nunn"},{"id":"167457","name":"social courage"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:lynn.durham@carnegie.gatech.edu\u0022\u003ELynn Durham\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EOffice of the President\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-8261\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"68657":{"#nid":"68657","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Professor Shi Receives Distinguished Educator Award from Institute of Industrial Engineers","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJianjun (Jan) Shi, the\nCarolyn J. Stewart Chair and professor at the H. Milton Stewart School of\nIndustrial and Systems Engineering, received the Albert G. Holzman\nDistinguished Educator Award from the Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE)\nat the annual conference in May 2011. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Holzman award is one of\nthe highest honors to be given by IIE and recognizes significant contributions\nto the profession through research, publication, extension, administration and\nteaching innovation in the academic environment. The contributions must be of\nthe highest caliber and be nationally or internationally recognized. Only one\naward is given annually.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the nomination letter,\nShi was noted for exhibiting excellence in classroom teaching and in mentoring,\nespecially in advising graduate students. Shi was also cited for his important\ncontributions to the broad research area of engineering statistics and quality\ncontrol, demonstrated dedication to continuing education and leadership roles,\nas well as his significant contributions in community service.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cProfessor Shi deserves this\naward because he instills a set of values in his students that yield this\nresult,\u201d said Susan Albin, professor at Rutgers, Fellow of IIE, Editor-in-Chief\nof IIE Transactions, and the current President of INFORMS said. \u201cHe has trained\n23 doctorates.\u0026nbsp;This is a very large number in a relatively short time and\neach and every student received superb training. The successes of the students\nare astounding.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EShi joined the Georgia Tech\nfaculty in 2008. His other IIE awards include three Excellence in Service\nAwards from IIE Transactions in 2002, 2003 and 2004. He is also an INFORMS\nFellow, an ASME Fellow and an IIE Fellow and the recipient of a National\nScience Foundation CAREER Award.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJianjun Shi, the\nCarolyn J. Stewart Chair and professor at the H. Milton Stewart School of\nIndustrial and Systems Engineering, received the Albert G. Holzman\nDistinguished Educator Award from the Institute of Industrial Engineers (IIE)\nat the annual conference in May 2011.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":"","uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-06-30 15:11:07","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:09:40","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-30T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-30T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"68554":{"id":"68554","type":"image","title":"(L to R) G. Don Taylor, IIE President; Liping Luo, Prof. Shi\u2019s wife; Prof. Jan Shi; and Roman M. Hlutkowsky, IIE Immediate Past President","body":null,"created":"1449177185","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:13:05","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14","alt":"(L to R) G. Don Taylor, IIE President; Liping Luo, Prof. Shi\u2019s wife; Prof. Jan Shi; and Roman M. Hlutkowsky, IIE Immediate Past President","file":{"fid":"192606","name":"208.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/208_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/208_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":3108121,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/208_0.jpg?itok=i3rLfujc"}}},"media_ids":["68554"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.isye.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/profile.php?entry=jshi33","title":"Professor Jianjun Shi\u0027s bio page"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"13573","name":"College of Engineering; H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering; Jianjun Shi; Institute of Industrial Engineers; Albert G. Holzman Distinguished Educator Award"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["Klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"68418":{"#nid":"68418","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Self Cleaning Electrode Allows Fuel Cells to Operate on Coal Gas","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EUsing barium oxide nanoparticles, researchers have developed a self-cleaning technique that could allow solid oxide fuel cells to be powered directly by coal gas at operating temperatures as low as 750 degrees Celsius. The technique could provide a cleaner and more efficient alternative to conventional power plants for generating electricity from the nation\u0027s vast coal reserves.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESolid oxide fuel cells can operate on a wide variety of fuels, and use hydrocarbons gases directly -- without a separate reformer. The fuel cells rely on anodes made from nickel and a ceramic material known as yttria-stabilized zirconia. Until now, however, carbon-containing fuels such as coal gas or propane could quickly deactivate these Ni-YSZ anodes, clogging them with carbon deposits in a process known as \u0022coking\u0022 -- especially at lower operating temperatures.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo counter this problem, researchers have developed a technique for growing barium oxide nanostructures on the anodes. The structures adsorb moisture to initiate a water-based chemical reaction that oxidizes the carbon as it forms, keeping the nickel electrode surfaces clean even when carbon-containing fuels are used at low temperatures.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This could ultimately be the cleanest, most efficient and cost-effective way of converting coal into electricity,\u0022 said Meilin Liu, a Regents professor in the School of Materials Science and Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. \u0022And by providing an exhaust stream of pure carbon dioxide, this technique could also facilitate carbon sequestration without the separation and purification steps now required for conventional coal-burning power plants.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe water-mediated carbon removal technique was reported June 21 in the journal \u003Cem\u003ENature Communications\u003C\/em\u003E. The research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy\u0027s Office of Basic Energy Sciences, through the HeteroFoaM Center, an Energy Frontier Research Center. The work also involved researchers from Brookhaven National Laboratory, the New Jersey Institute of Technology and Oak Ridge National Laboratory.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EConventional coal-fired electric generating facilities capture just a third of the energy available in the fuel they burn. Fuel cells can convert significantly more of the energy, approximately 50 percent. If gas turbines and fuel cells could be combined into hybrid systems, researchers believe they could capture as much as 80 percent of the energy, reducing the amount of coal needed to produce a given amount of energy, potentially cutting carbon emissions.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut that would only be possible if the fuel cells could run for long periods of time on coal gas, which now deactivates the anodes after as little as 30 minutes of operation.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe carbon removal system developed by the Georgia Tech-led team uses a vapor deposition process to apply barium oxide nanoparticles to the nickel-YSZ electrode. The particles, which range in size from 10 to 100 nanometers, form \u0022islands\u0022 on the nickel that do not block the flow of electrons across the electrode surface.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen water vapor introduced into the coal gas stream contacts the barium oxide, it is adsorbed and dissociates into protons and hydroxide (OH) ions. The hydroxide ions move to the nickel surface, where they combine with the carbon atoms being deposited there, forming the intermediate COH. The COH then dissociates into carbon monoxide and hydrogen, which are oxidized to power the fuel cell, ultimately producing carbon dioxide and water. About half of the carbon dioxide is then recirculated back to gasify the coal to coal gas to continue the process.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We can continuously operate the fuel cell without the problem of carbon deposition,\u0022 said Liu, who is also co-director of Georgia Tech\u0027s Center for Innovative Fuel Cell and Battery Technologies.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers also evaluated the use of propane to power solid oxide fuel cells using the new anode system. Because oxidation of the hydrogen in the propane produces water, no additional water vapor had to be added, and the system operated successfully for a period of time similar to the coal gas system.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESolid oxide fuel cells operate most efficiently at temperatures above 850 degrees Celsius, and much less carbon is deposited at higher temperatures. However, those operating temperatures require fabrication from special materials that are expensive -- and prevent solid oxide fuel cells from being cost-effective for many applications.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReducing the operating temperatures is a research goal, because dropping temperatures to 700 or 750 degrees Celsius would allow the use of much less expensive components for interconnects and other important components. However, until development of the self-cleaning process, reducing the operating temperature meant worsening the coking problem.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Reducing the operating temperature significantly by eliminating the problem of carbon deposition could make these solid oxide fuel cells economically competitive,\u0022 Liu said.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFuel cells powered by coal gas still produce carbon dioxide, but in a much purer form than the stack gases leaving traditional coal-fired power plants. That would make capturing the carbon dioxide for sequestration less expensive by eliminating large-scale separation and purification steps, Liu noted.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers have so far tested their process for a hundred hours, and saw no evidence of carbon build-up. A major challenge ahead is to test the long-term durability of the system for fuel cells that are designed to operate for as long as five years. Researchers must also study the potential impact of possible fuel contaminants on the new electrode.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EForming the barium oxide structures can be done as part of conventional anode fabrication processes, and would not require additional steps. The anodes produced in the technique are compatible with standard solid oxide fuel cell systems that are already being developed for commercial electricity generation, home power generation and automotive applications.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We have started with state-of-the-art technology, and simply modified the surface of the electrode,\u0022 said Mingfei Liu, a postdoctoral researcher in the Center. \u0022Because our electrode would be built on existing technology, there is a lower barrier for implementing it in conventional fuel cell systems.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to those already mentioned, the research team included Lei Yang, Wentao Qin and Kevin Blinn from Georgia Tech; YongMan Choi and Ping Liu from Brookhaven National Laboratory; Haiyan Chen and Trevor Tyson from the New Jersey Institute of Technology, and Jianming Bai from Oak Ridge National Laboratory.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Gerogia 30308 USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Robinson (404-385-3364)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETechnical Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: Meilin Liu (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:meilin.liu@mse.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emeilin.liu@mse.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EUsing barium oxide nanoparticles, researchers have developed a self-cleaning technique that could allow solid oxide fuel cells to be powered directly by coal gas at operating temperatures as low as 750 degrees Celsius.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A new cleaning technique allows fuel cells to be powered by coal."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-06-21 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:09:37","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-21T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-21T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"68421":{"id":"68421","type":"image","title":"Meilin Liu with fuel cell","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14"},"68420":{"id":"68420","type":"image","title":"Meilin Liu with fuel cell","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14"},"68419":{"id":"68419","type":"image","title":"Researchers with fuel cell","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14"}},"media_ids":["68421","68420","68419"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.mse.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech School of Materials Science and Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.mse.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/faculty\/meilin-liu","title":"Meilin Liu"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"144","name":"Energy"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7070","name":"anode"},{"id":"4198","name":"coal"},{"id":"436","name":"electricity"},{"id":"213","name":"energy"},{"id":"2044","name":"Fuel Cell"},{"id":"13460","name":"Meilin Liu"},{"id":"2054","name":"nanoparticle"},{"id":"171091","name":"solid oxide fuel cell"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"68478":{"#nid":"68478","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Application for iPhone May Help Monitor Parkinson\u0027s Disease","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) have developed a novel iPhone application that may enable persons with Parkinson\u0027s disease and certain other neurological conditions to use the ubiquitous devices to collect data on hand and arm tremors and relay the results to medical personnel.   \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers believe the application could replace subjective tests now used to assess the severity of tremors, while potentially allowing more frequent patient monitoring without costly visits to medical facilities. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe program -- known as iTrem -- could be offered later this year by the App Store, an Apple Inc. website that sells iPhone applications.  But iTrem will first undergo a clinical study at Emory University and must receive any required approvals from the Food and Drug Administration. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We expect iTrem to be a very useful tool for patients and their caregivers,\u0022 said Brian Parise, a research scientist who is principal investigator for the project along with Robert Delano, another GTRI research scientist. \u0022And as a downloadable application, it also promises to be convenient and cost-effective.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EiTrem utilizes the iPhone\u0027s built-in accelerometer to collect data on a patient in his or her home or office. The application directly tracks tremor information currently, and in the future will use simple puzzle games to record tremor data, which will then be processed and transmitted.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers expect the clinical trial to show that data gathered by the program would allow physicians to remotely monitor the degree of disability, progression and medication response among patients with tremor-related conditions. In addition, iTrem offers a social component that allows people to share stories, pictures and data. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EiTrem\u0027s developers are working with the Advanced Technology Development Center (ATDC) to form a startup company based on iTrem and future applications that might take advantage of iPhone capabilities.  ATDC is a startup accelerator based at Georgia Tech that helps Georgia entrepreneurs launch and build successful technology companies.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI team plans ongoing development of iTrem\u0027s interface, based on responses from doctors and patients.  They\u0027re also investigating other consumer technologies with diagnostic potential, including the tiny gyroscopes now available in some cellular phones.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFuture developments will include the addition of several other Parkinson\u0027s related tests and investigation of gait analysis in a joint effort with the University of South Florida and the James A. Haley Veterans\u0027 Hospital in Tampa, Fla.  Additional developments may utilize the phone for detecting and analyzing dyskinesia, a movement disorder.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMore than 10 million people in the U.S. have tremor-related disease, including Parkinson\u0027s, essential tremor and multiple sclerosis, Delano said.  Data collected by iTrem could enhance research on tremor disorders, in addition to supporting treatment for current patients, he added.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMost current measurement techniques used by doctors are subjective and are performed infrequently, Delano said.  Complex diagnostic procedures such as electroencephalography and electromyography are objective and thorough, but are rarely performed because they\u0027re lengthy, expensive and require a clinical setting. The result is that little data about tremor has been available to track the effectiveness of medication and therapy over time.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy contrast, he said, the ease of gathering tremor data with iTrem could help lead to a significant expansion of research in this area, as a wealth of objective data is collected and analyzed. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Even factoring in the cost of an iPhone, using iTrem is likely to be more convenient and less expensive for patients than office visits, and the data are accurate and abundant,\u0022 Delano said. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA clinical study involving iTrem use is expected to start soon at Emory University\u0027s Movement Disorder Clinic. The study will be led by Dr. Stewart Factor, a researcher in the field of Parkinson\u0027s disease at the Emory School of Medicine. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI development team presented a paper on iTrem in January at the 2011 International Conference on Health Informatics.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDelano explained that the development of iTrem was linked to his own diagnosis with Parkinson\u0027s disease several years ago. He eventually became frustrated with the subjective approaches commonplace in the characterizing of patient tremor symptoms.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Currently, doctors observe tremor during office visits and rate it on a subjective scale of zero to four.  That approach seemed outdated to me, considering all the technology now available,\u0022 Delano said. \u0022My wife Heather, who\u0027s an engineer, remarked that maybe that we could try putting some accelerometers on my arm.  That made me think of the accelerometer in the iPhone -- and here we are.\u0022  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers have developed a novel iPhone application that may enable persons with Parkinson\u2019s disease and certain other neurological conditions to use the devices to collect data on hand and arm tremors and relay the results to medical personnel.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A new iPhone app may improve monitoring of Parkinson\u0027s Disease"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-06-22 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:09:37","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-22T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-22T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"68479":{"id":"68479","type":"image","title":"Brian Parise and Robert Delano with iTrem","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14"},"68480":{"id":"68480","type":"image","title":"Brian Parise and Robert Delano with iTrem","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14"}},"media_ids":["68479","68480"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"143","name":"Digital Media and Entertainment"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"13472","name":"Brian Parise"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"13470","name":"iTrem"},{"id":"13471","name":"Parkinson\u0027s"},{"id":"13473","name":"Robert Delano"},{"id":"13474","name":"tremors"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"68522":{"#nid":"68522","#data":{"type":"news","title":"\u201cRed Fields to Green Fields\u201d Plans Revealed for Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Phoenix and Hilton Head Island","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWith thousands of commercial buildings in foreclosure and many others in disrepair, cities around the country are looking for ways to rescue the properties and eliminate community blight. A program called \u0022Red Fields to Green Fields\u0022 proposes acquiring abandoned and underutilized properties, demolishing or repositioning them, and replacing them with conservation land, parks, infrastructure improvements or other green space, which will attract economic development when the economy recovers.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Red field properties have negative value civically, environmentally and economically. Converting this underused commercial real estate to green space now and land that could be built on again when the economy improves would be transformational,\u0022 said Kevin Caravati, a senior research scientist at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI). \u0022The conversion would create demolition and landscaping jobs and stabilize housing and property values around the distressed properties.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWith support from the Speedwell Foundation, the Georgia Institute of Technology has helped 11 U.S. cities assess the supply of distressed commercial real estate in their communities and determine the best approaches for turning some of that property into green space. Last week, representatives from Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Phoenix and Hilton Head Island revealed their cities\u0027 Red Fields to Green Fields study results in Washington, D.C. at the U.S. Capitol. Altogether, the five cities\u0027 plans would create as many as 20,000 acres of new parkland and an estimated 300,000 new jobs.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERepresentatives from the National Park Service, the Trust for Public Land, the U.S. Chamber of Commerce Business Civic Leadership Center and U.S. Rep. Robert A. Brady\u0027s office also attended the meeting. The Pennsylvania congressman is introducing legislation on red fields to green fields issues.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn his remarks at the meeting, Mickey Fearn, deputy director of communications and community assistance for the National Park Service, stated that Red Fields to Green Fields could be America\u0027s best idea. Since the financial crisis began in 2008, real estate values have declined approximately $10 trillion. Today, city residents are surrounded by vacant strip malls, blighted commercial corridors, abandoned housing developments and an oversupply of retail and industrial space.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFor the Red Fields to Green Fields project, each city asked the same question: What if we invest a few billion dollars in our city to convert red fields to green fields?\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo answer the question, Georgia Tech researchers helped each city utilize financial models used by the U.S. Department of the Interior and data reported by the Federal Reserve to quantify the economic, health, social, policy and engineering impacts of turning red fields into green fields. They also incorporated data from city master plans, green space plans, transportation reports, urban infrastructure redevelopment programs and geographic information system databases. The reports were written in collaboration with the City Parks Alliance and 14 universities, local government agencies and stakeholders.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile each city had a different story, the answer was always the same. Thousands of acres of underutilized residential and commercial real estate assets could be rescued and restored through public park planning to enhance the city\u0027s economic, environmental and physical health. Cities could replace concrete and glass with trees, green space and cleaner air; remove abandoned buildings that attract crime and vagrancy; and create space for recreation, play and exercise to combat obesity and poor health.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This type of conversion would spur business activity, create jobs and address the real estate problem at its source -- oversupply,\u0022 said Michael Messner of the Speedwell Foundation. \u0022And its economic effect would be multiplied with increased infrastructure spending, leverage from unlocking banks\u2019 reserves, and real estate owners would spend again knowing their real estate values have stabilized.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe City of Los Angeles report proposed more than 200 projects to revitalize areas surrounding 32 miles of the Los Angeles River. These projects would create walkable and bikeable connections to the river and link users to small businesses and job sites.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENearly 3,000 acres of non-performing real estate could be removed from the Phoenix market through red fields to green fields investments, according to that city\u0027s report, creating almost 50,000 jobs and an economic impact of $5.9 billion.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Red fields to green fields projects can restore liquidity to the real estate markets and put Arizona back to work,\u0022 added Joseph Goodman, a graduate student in the Georgia Tech College of Architecture.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn Detroit, an industrial land inventory indicated that more than 11,000 acres of distressed real estate could be used to create corridors linking job site locations with housing and transportation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAcquiring land adjacent to 10 major bayous in Houston and establishing an interconnected system of parks, trails and economic development corridors could create 55,000 jobs over the next 10 years. Hilton Head Island served as a case study to evaluate the economic and job impacts to coastal communities.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0027Often thought of as resort areas, coastal towns serve as hubs for commercial real estate development, recreation and jobs. We found that red fields to green fields projects in Hilton Head Island and other coastal communities can revitalize these communities and establish conservation lands,\u0022 said GTRI research scientist Matthew Wren.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe five new city reports add to reports published last year for six other cities -- Atlanta, Denver, Philadelphia, Cleveland, Miami and Wilmington.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESince publishing its report, the city of Denver, in collaboration with the Trust for Public Land and private donors, started acquiring red field sites along the South Platte River Corridor. It is estimated that these investments and implementation of a robust red fields to green fields program in Denver could add more than 30,000 new jobs to the region and remove more than 6,000 acres of distressed real estate from the market, creating an almost $4 billion impact.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDuring the past year, Miami also began to execute its Red Fields to Green Fields proposal, which tied into its city master plan, and is working to acquire land through public-private partnerships. Miami\u0027s report stated that the tax base could be increased by an estimated $59 million per year by converting 312 acres of non-performing real estate to transit-oriented development and more than 14,000 jobs per year for five years could be created. In addition, linking Everglades National Park and Biscayne Bay National Park could create 1,625 acres of additional parkland.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOther U.S. cities have already embraced the concept of converting distressed real estate to improve a region\u0027s infrastructure and encourage economic development. Boston\u0027s \u0022Big Dig\u0022 was a multi-billion-dollar infrastructure project that transformed the city. Local, smaller scale examples in Atlanta include Atlantic Station, the Piedmont Park expansion and the Beltline Old Fourth Ward project.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDuring the next year, the Georgia Tech research team will focus its efforts on helping the 11 cities implement the plans in their Red Fields to Green Fields reports.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOther researchers involved in the Red Fields to Green Fields program include Joseph Hughes, chair of the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Georgia Tech; Carolyn Knabel, a graduate student in the Georgia Tech College of Architecture; Cade Strippelhoff, a graduate student in the Georgia Tech School of Public Policy; and Erin Keller, an undergraduate student in the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E Georgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E 75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E Atlanta, Georgia 30308 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986) or Kirk Englehardt (kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu; 404-407-7280)\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Plans Revealed for Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Phoenix and Hilton Head Island"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech researchers involved in the Red Fields to Green Fields program helped Detroit, Houston, Los Angeles, Phoenix and Hilton Head assess their distressed commercial real estate supplies and determine the best way to turn some into green space.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"\u0022Red Fields to Green Fields\u0022 plans revealed for five cities."}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-06-23 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:09:37","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-23T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-23T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"68523":{"id":"68523","type":"image","title":"Los Angeles Red Fields to Green Fields","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14"},"68524":{"id":"68524","type":"image","title":"Houston Red Fields to Green Fields","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14"},"68525":{"id":"68525","type":"image","title":"Red Fields to Green Fields artist rendering","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14"}},"media_ids":["68523","68524","68525"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.rftgf.org\/","title":"Red Fields to Green Fields"},{"url":"http:\/\/vimeo.com\/25103210","title":"Red Fields to Green Fields Video"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"137","name":"Architecture"},{"id":"139","name":"Business"},{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"13499","name":"bike paths"},{"id":"13492","name":"Commercial Real Estate"},{"id":"13497","name":"conservation land"},{"id":"13495","name":"Detroit"},{"id":"290","name":"Economy"},{"id":"8465","name":"financial crisis"},{"id":"415","name":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"68531":{"#nid":"68531","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Campus Community Enjoys North Avenue Dining Hall Experience","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech\u2019s North Avenue Dining Hall opened for a few\ndays this week so that members of the community could experience what the new\nvenue has to offer. Located adjacent to the North Avenue apartments, the dining\nhall will officially open when school starts in the fall to all students,\nfaculty and guests with a Grand Opening event on August 31.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe 20,000 square-foot facility can seat up to 325 guests at\na time and will staff 10 chefs and culinarians in the fall. During the \u201csoft\u201d\nopening from June 19-24, an average of 600 meals were served each day for\nbreakfast, lunch and dinner. In addition, a Housing Team Day was hosted there\non Tuesday during lunch. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EBeing the first dining hall that Georgia Tech Dining has\nbeen able to design and build itself, the North Avenue Dining Hall has a truly\nunique and contemporary presence on campus.\u0026nbsp;\nFrom the extensive glass windows that provide ample light for diners,\nthis new venue is not only modern in design and operation, it was also built to\nLEED Gold Certifications, reflecting the institute\u2019s commitment to efficiency\nand sustainability.\u0026nbsp; In the fall, the dining\nhall will be open 24 hours a day on weekdays, making it the first 24-hour\ndining hall on campus. \u0026nbsp;All meal plans,\nBuzzfunds, and major credit cards will be accepted.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring the \u201csoft\u201d opening this week, diners were greeted by\nthe enthusiastic staff and chefs who were eager to provide a glimpse into the long-awaited\ndining hall. Visitors sampled just a few of the wide variety of stations from\nwhich to choose such as the Grill featuring burgers and curly fries as well as\nother classic options to the Pizza and Pasta section. All of the stations have\npre-made food selections such as deli sandwiches, which second year student Lani\nBarry exclaimed are \u201cto die for.\u201d In addition, chefs at almost all the stations\ncan prepare something to order. Several other choices like the World Fare, Wok,\nand Pho that offer a variety of international cuisines will also be available\nin the fall. An additional feature enables students to suggest recipes online. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EStudents were excited about the North Avenue Dining Hall and\nwere impressed with the state-of-the-art look from the building itself down to\nthe square dishes. \u201cI love the new plates. You can fit more on them,\u201d noted\nsecond year student Tikurete Gebremariam, \u201cbut I also like\nthe clean, bright layout of the entire place.\u201d The presence and quality of the new facility has some students\nre-thinking their meal plan options for the fall. Second year student Samantha\nHabacker, who was not intending to purchase a meal plant in the fall, said, \u201cI\nmight have to get the Social 75 just so I can come here more often.\u201d \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EEven the staff and chefs at the new venue were eager to\nshowcase the newest addition to the dining facilities. \u201cI am excited about\nbringing to the students, faculty, and staff and to the Georgia Tech family a\nunique, state-of-the-art dining experience,\u201d said Andy Gaudiano, Operations\nManager for the new dining hall on Wednesday. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe North Avenue Dining Hall will be open again later this\nsummer from July 11 to 15, so be sure if you are on or around campus this\nsummer to come experience this new facility.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EWritten by Georgia Tech Communication \u0026amp; Marketing Student Media Member Katie McGuire\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EPhotos by Georgia Tech Communications \u0026amp; Marketing Student Media Member Ayesha Patel\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\n\n\nGeorgia Tech\u2019s North Avenue Dining Hall opened\nfor a few days this week so that members of the community could experience what\nthe new venue has to offer. \u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech\u2019s North Avenue Dining Hall opened for a few days this week so that members of the community could experience what the new venue has to offer."}],"uid":"27304","created_gmt":"2011-06-24 14:22:55","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:09:37","author":"Matthew Nagel","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-24T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-24T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"68528":{"id":"68528","type":"image","title":"North Avenue Dining Hall 1","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14","alt":"North Avenue Dining Hall 1","file":{"fid":"192595","name":"dininghall-6.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/dininghall-6_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/dininghall-6_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1527211,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/dininghall-6_0.jpg?itok=VD-GXfq_"}},"68529":{"id":"68529","type":"image","title":"North Avenue Dining Hall 2","body":null,"created":"1449177185","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:13:05","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14","alt":"North Avenue Dining Hall 2","file":{"fid":"192596","name":"dininghall_-_4.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/dininghall_-_4_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/dininghall_-_4_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1406439,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/dininghall_-_4_0.jpg?itok=-8pGddiU"}},"68530":{"id":"68530","type":"image","title":"North Avenue Dining Hall - 3","body":null,"created":"1449177185","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:13:05","changed":"1475894594","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:14","alt":"North Avenue Dining Hall - 3","file":{"fid":"192597","name":"dininghall-1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/dininghall-1_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/dininghall-1_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2871480,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/dininghall-1_0.jpg?itok=Of4u76W_"}}},"media_ids":["68528","68529","68530"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gatechdining.com\/locations\/recipes.html","title":"Student Recipe Suggestions"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.gatechdining.com\/","title":"Georgia Tech Dining Services"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/newsroom\/release.html?nid=66464","title":"North Avenue Dining Hall Hosts Sneak Peeks"},{"url":"http:\/\/campusservices.gatech.edu\/news\/Pages\/NorthAveDiningHall\u2013\u201cSpecialistheNewNorm\u201d.aspx","title":"North Ave Dining Hall \u2013 \u201cSpecial is the New Norm\u201d"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["mattnagel@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66514":{"#nid":"66514","#data":{"type":"news","title":"New Study Supports Darwin\u0027s Hypothesis on Competition Between Species","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA new study provides support for Darwin\u0027s hypothesis that the struggle for existence is stronger between more closely related species than those distantly related. While ecologists generally accept the premise, this new study contains the strongest direct experimental evidence yet to support its validity.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We found that species extinction occurred more frequently and more rapidly between species of microorganisms that were more closely related, providing strong support for Darwin\u0027s theory, which we call the phylogenetic limiting similarity hypothesis,\u0022 said Lin Jiang, an assistant professor in the School of Biology at Georgia Tech.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe study was published online on June 14, 2011 in the journal \u003Cem\u003EEcology Letters\u003C\/em\u003E. The work was supported by the National Science Foundation.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EJiang and his team -- Cyrille Violle, formerly a postdoctoral fellow at Georgia Tech currently at the Centre d\u0027Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive in Montpellier, France, and Georgia Tech biology graduate student Zhichao Pu -- conducted experiments with 10 common ciliated protist species in artificial, simplified ecosystems called microcosms. Diana Nemergut, an assistant professor in the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research and the Environmental Studies Program at the University of Colorado at Boulder, helped the team generate a family tree of the 10 microorganisms to determine how closely related the species were.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We selected bacterivorous ciliated protist microorganisms for this study because they rapidly reproduce, allowing us to examine species co-existence over multiple generations in a closed system during a period of a few weeks, which wouldn\u0027t be possible if we were testing the hypothesis with plants or animals,\u0022 said Jiang.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers set up 165 microcosms that contained either an individual protist species or a pairing of two species, along with three types of bacteria for the organisms to eat. They collected weekly samples from each microcosm and examined them under a microscope, recording the presence or absence of species. After 10 weeks, the researchers estimated the density of the protist species in each microcosm.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe study results showed that all species survived until the end of the experiment when alone in a microcosm. However, in more than half of the experiments in which protists were paired together, one of the two species dominated, leading to the extinction of the other species.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers found that the frequency and speed of this extinction process -- called competitive exclusion -- was significantly greater between species that were more closely related. In addition, in microcosms where both competitors coexisted for the duration of the experiment, the abundance of the inferior competitor was reduced more as the phylogenetic relatedness between the two competitors increased.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe study also showed that the frequency of competitive exclusion was significantly greater between species that had similar mouth sizes. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We documented the mouth size of each species because there is some evidence that this morphological trait affects the selectivity and uptake rate of prey particles, and we thought that similarity in mouth size might translate into the exploitation of similar bacterial resources and result in competitive exclusion,\u0022 said Jiang.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile they found that phylogenetic relatedness predicted the likelihood of coexistence better than mouth size, the results suggest that other traits involved in resource uptake may also be important predictors of the outcomes of competitive interactions in ecological communities.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This study is one step toward a better understanding of how phylogenetic relatedness influences species interactions,\u0022 said Jiang. \u0022We hope our experimental validation of the phylogenetic limiting similarity hypothesis in microorganisms will encourage other ecologists to conduct additional studies with other types of organisms to further validate Darwin\u0027s hypothesis.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe phylogenetic limiting similarity hypothesis is just one of the many ideas Darwin published in his 1859 book called \u0022The Origin of Species.\u0022 In this book, Darwin introduced his scientific theory that populations evolve over the course of generations through a process of natural selection. The book presented a body of evidence that the diversity of life arose by common descent through a branching pattern of evolution.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis project is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (Award No. DEB-0640416 and Ecosystems Award No. 0922267). The content is solely the responsibility of the principal investigator and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NSF.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"A new study provides support for Darwin\u0027s hypothesis that the struggle for existence is stronger between more closely related species.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"New study provides support for hypothesis Darwin published in 1859."}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-06-14 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:53","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-14T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-14T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"66515":{"id":"66515","type":"image","title":"Lin Jiang Biology","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894592","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:12"},"66516":{"id":"66516","type":"image","title":"Lin Jiang","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894592","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:12"}},"media_ids":["66515","66516"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.biology.gatech.edu\/people\/lin-jiang","title":"Lin Jiang"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.biology.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Biology"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"13406","name":"Charles Darwin"},{"id":"13411","name":"Coexistence"},{"id":"2029","name":"Competition"},{"id":"13409","name":"competitive exclusion"},{"id":"13405","name":"Darwin"},{"id":"4320","name":"ecology"},{"id":"807","name":"environment"},{"id":"3028","name":"evolution"},{"id":"13410","name":"Extinction"},{"id":"13407","name":"Microorganisms"},{"id":"10204","name":"Protist"},{"id":"13408","name":"Relatedness"},{"id":"171006","name":"Species Diversity"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66536":{"#nid":"66536","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech-Savannah Task Force Report Accepted by President","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia\nInstitute of Technology President G. P. \u201cBud\u201d Peterson announced today that he\nis accepting task force recommendations regarding Georgia Tech-Savannah. The\nreport, \u201c\u003Cem\u003EDefining a Path Forward for\nGeorgia Tech-Savannah\u003C\/em\u003E,\u201d provided a comprehensive review of the coastal\ncampus and the Georgia Tech Regional Engineering Program (GTREP).\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EIn a memorandum\nsent to Georgia Tech Provost and Chair of the task force Rafael L. Bras,\nPeterson said that he was pleased by the task force\u2019s comprehensive approach in\nanalyzing Georgia Tech-Savannah operations and programs, and that he was\nexcited about the prospects for the future. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EPeterson also\nwrote, \u201cWhile I know that much of the work focused on Georgia Tech\u2019s operations\nand physical presence in Savannah, it is very clear that the task force took\ngreat care to consider how its recommendations might ultimately affect the\nlives and careers of our students, faculty and staff as well as the community\nwe serve in the coastal region.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EHighlights from\nthe task force report include recommendations that will allow Georgia\nTech-Savannah to continue to have a strong presence in Southeast Georgia by\ncreating a new academic and operational model for the campus while phasing out\ncurrent degree programs. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe proposed\norganization, designed to be viable and self-sustaining, includes a portfolio\nof programs ranging from co-curricular undergraduate activities to instruction\nfor the military and executive and other non-credit education programs to\nprofessional master\u2019s degrees. In addition, the recommendations included the\noption of developing regional research opportunities. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring the 10-day\ncomment period, Peterson had the opportunity to review comments regarding task\nforce recommendations. The vast majority of comments were submitted by current\nGeorgia Tech-Savannah students voicing support for the undergraduate program\nand expressing concern regarding their individual circumstances.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EAccording to\nPeterson, the concerns of students, faculty and staff underscore the importance\nof developing a comprehensive and supportive transition and implementation\nplan.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech-Savannah campus will\noperate in a \u201cbusiness-as-usual mode\u201d during the summer and fall semesters of\n2011. Academic advisors will work individually with Georgia Tech students\nin Savannah to provide the support necessary to aid them in completing their\ndegree programs, according to Bras.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Recommendations Outline Future for Coastal Campus"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia\nInstitute of Technology President G. P. \u201cBud\u201d Peterson announced today that he\nis accepting task force recommendations regarding Georgia Tech-Savannah. The\nreport, \u201c\u003Cem\u003EDefining a Path Forward for\nGeorgia Tech-Savannah\u003C\/em\u003E,\u201d provided a comprehensive review of the coastal\ncampus and the Georgia Tech Regional Engineering Program (GTREP).\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"President Peterson G. P. \u201cBud\u201d announced today that he is accepting task force recommendations for  Georgia Tech-Savannah."}],"uid":"27281","created_gmt":"2011-06-15 15:59:36","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:53","author":"Lisa Grovenstein","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-15T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-15T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"40670":{"id":"40670","type":"image","title":"Georgia Tech Savannah campus","body":null,"created":"1449174220","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:23:40","changed":"1475894352","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:39:12"}},"media_ids":["40670"],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7046","name":"Georgia Tech-Savannah"},{"id":"13427","name":"Georgia Tech-Savannah Task Force"},{"id":"1893","name":"Peterson"},{"id":"11048","name":"task force"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELisa Grovenstein, 404-894-8835\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lisa.grovenstein@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66539":{"#nid":"66539","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Keskinocak Named Mello Professor in School of Industrial and Systems Engineering","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EPinar Keskinocak,\nco-director of the Center for Health and Humanitarian Logistics within the H.\nMilton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering at Georgia Tech,\nhas been named the Joseph C. Mello Professor, effective July 1.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Joseph C. Mello\nProfessorship was created through an endowment established by alumnus Mello (B.S.\nIE 1980) to support the work of an outstanding Stewart School of Industrial and\nSystems Engineering faculty member whose work focuses on health care delivery\noperations.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cI am honored to be named the\nJoseph C. Mello Professor,\u201d Keskinocak said.\u0026nbsp; \u201cThe opportunities to make a\ndifference in world health and humanitarian response are vast. Through this\nsupport, I, my colleagues, and our students, will be able to expand our reach\nand impact by pushing the boundaries of our research and education in this\nfield.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EKeskinocak\u2019s research\nfocuses on supply chain management, with an emphasis on resource allocation. She\nis actively engaged in research and applications in health care and\nhumanitarian logistics. She received B.S. and M.S. degrees in industrial\nengineering from Bilkent University in Ankara, Turkey, in 1991 and 1992, and a\nPh.D. in operations research from Carnegie Mellon University in 1997. Before\njoining Georgia Tech, she was with IBM\u0027s T.J. Watson Research Center in\nYorktown Heights, NY.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EMello, who recently retired\nfrom his position as chief operating officer for DaVita, the largest independent\nprovider of dialysis services in the United States, has been a leader in the\nhealth care industry throughout his career. In addition to DaVita, Mello served\nin key management positions with MedPartners Inc. and Vivra Asthma \u0026amp;\nAllergy Inc.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EUnderstanding the need for\nincreased research and intellectual scholarship concerning the systems-based\napproach to health care delivery, the Mello\u2019s have generously supported\ninitiatives at Georgia Tech, including the establishment of the Mello\nProfessorship.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0022I couldn\u0027t be\nmore pleased with the selection of Dr. Keskinocak as the Mello Professor,\u201d said\nMello.\u0026nbsp; \u201cHer work in humanitarian logistics, applying industrial\nengineering know-how to global health care concerns, integrates perfectly with\nthose issues that my wife, Ginny, and I are so committed to.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EPinar Keskinocak,\nco-director of the Center for Health and Humanitarian Logistics within the H.\nMilton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering at Georgia Tech,\nhas been named the Joseph C. Mello Professor, effective July 1.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Pinar Keskinocak named the Joseph C. Mello Professor, effective July 1."}],"uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-06-16 11:49:01","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:53","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-16T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-16T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"65264":{"id":"65264","type":"image","title":"Dr. Pinar Keskinocak","body":null,"created":"1449176801","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:41","changed":"1475894577","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:57","alt":"Dr. Pinar Keskinocak","file":{"fid":"192206","name":"11C3008-P1-115.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/11C3008-P1-115_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/11C3008-P1-115_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":225883,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/11C3008-P1-115_0.jpg?itok=lxdyf5ln"}},"66541":{"id":"66541","type":"image","title":"Joseph C. Mello","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894589","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:09","alt":"Joseph C. Mello","file":{"fid":"192534","name":"joe_mello.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/joe_mello_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/joe_mello_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":173567,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/joe_mello_0.jpg?itok=OYam7gMP"}}},"media_ids":["65264","66541"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.isye.gatech.edu\/","title":"Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"13429","name":"College of Engineering; H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering; Pinar Keskinocak; Joseph C. Mello Professorship"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66544":{"#nid":"66544","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Engineers Control the Environment to Direct Stem Cell Differentiation","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EStem cell technologies have been proposed for cell-based diagnostics and regenerative medicine therapies. However, being able to make stem cells efficiently develop into a desired cell type -- such as muscle, skin, blood vessels, bone or neurons -- limits the clinical potential of these technologies.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENew research presented on June 16, 2011 at the annual meeting of the International Society for Stem Cell Research (ISSCR) shows that systematically controlling the local and global environments during stem cell development helps to effectively direct the process of differentiation. In the future, these findings could be used to develop manufacturing procedures for producing large quantities of stem cells for diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The research is sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Stem cells don\u0027t make any decisions in isolation; their decisions are spatially and temporally directed by biochemical and mechanical cues in their environment,\u0022 said Todd McDevitt, director of the Stem Cell Engineering Center at Georgia Tech and an associate professor in the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University. \u0022We have designed systems that allow us to tightly control these properties during stem cell differentiation, but also give us the flexibility to introduce a new growth factor or shake the cells a little faster to see how changes like these affect the outcome.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThese systems can also be used to compare the suitability of specific stem cell types for a particular use.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We have developed several platforms that will allow us to conduct head-to-head studies with different kinds of stem cells to determine if one type of stem cell outperforms another type for a certain application,\u0022 said McDevitt, who is also a Petit Faculty Fellow in the Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience at Georgia Tech.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMany laboratory growth methods allow stem cells to aggregate in three-dimensional clumps called \u0022embryoid bodies\u0022 during differentiation. McDevitt and biomedical engineering graduate student Andres Bratt-Leal incorporated biomaterial particles directly within these aggregates during their formation. They introduced microparticles made of gelatin, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) or agarose and tested their impact on the assembly, intercellular communication and morphogenesis of the stem cell aggregates under different conditions by varying the microsphere-to-cell ratio and the size of the microspheres.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers found that the presence of the biomaterials alone modulated embryoid body differentiation, but did not adversely affect cell viability. Compared to typical delivery methods, providing differentiation factors -- retinoic acid, bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) -- via microparticles induced changes in the gene and protein expression patterns of the aggregates.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBy including tiny magnetic particles into the embryoid bodies during formation, the researchers also found they could use a magnet to spatially control the location of an aggregate and its assembly with other aggregates. The magnetic particles remained entrapped within the aggregates for the duration of the experiments but did not adversely affect cell viability or differentiation.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022With biomaterial and magnetic microparticles, we are beginning to be able to recreate the types of complex geometric patterns seen during early development, which require multiple cues at the same time and the ability to spatially and temporally control their local presentation,\u0022 noted McDevitt.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile microparticles can be used to control differentiation by regulating the local environment, other methods exist to control differentiation through the global environment. Experiments by McDevitt and biomedical engineering graduate student Melissa Kinney have demonstrated that modulating hydrodynamic conditions can dictate the morphology of cell aggregate formation and control the expression of differentiated phenotypic cell markers.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Because bioreactors typically impose hydrodynamic forces on cells to cultivate large volumes of cells at high density, our use of hydrodynamics to control cell fate decisions represents a novel, yet simple, principle that could be used in the future for the scalable efficient production of stem cells,\u0022 added McDevitt.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETechnologies capable of being directly integrated into bioprocessing systems will be the best choice for manufacturing large batches of stem cells, he noted. In the future, the development of multi-scale techniques that combine different levels of control -- both local and global -- to regulate stem cell differentiation may help the translation of stem cells into viable clinical therapies.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis project is supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) (Award No. CBET 0651739) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) (R01GM088291). The content is solely the responsibility of the principal investigator and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NSF or NIH.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E Georgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E 75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E Atlanta, Georgia 30308 USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts: \u003C\/strong\u003EAbby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter: \u003C\/strong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ENew research shows that systematically controlling the local and global environments during stem cell development helps to effectively direct their differentiation.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Controlling the environment during stem cell development matters."}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-06-16 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:53","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-16T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-16T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"66545":{"id":"66545","type":"image","title":"Todd McDevitt","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894592","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:12"},"66546":{"id":"66546","type":"image","title":"Magnetic embryoid bodies","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894592","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:12"},"66547":{"id":"66547","type":"image","title":"Shaking stem cells","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894592","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:12"}},"media_ids":["66545","66546","66547"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.bme.gatech.edu\/facultystaff\/faculty_record.php?id=78","title":"Todd McDevitt"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.bme.gatech.edu\/","title":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/scec.gatech.edu\/","title":"Stem Cell Engineering Center"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ibb.gatech.edu\/","title":"Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"141","name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"11533","name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering"},{"id":"13436","name":"embryoid bodies"},{"id":"7663","name":"magnetic particles"},{"id":"167413","name":"Stem Cell"},{"id":"171090","name":"Stem Cell Biology"},{"id":"171010","name":"Stem Cell Development"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"67735":{"#nid":"67735","#data":{"type":"news","title":"New Microspectrometer Design Achieves High Resolution, Wide Bandwidth","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA new microspectrometer architecture that uses compact disc-shaped resonators could address the challenges of integrated lab-on-chip sensing systems that now require a large off-chip spectrometer to achieve high resolution.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESpectrometers have conventionally been expensive and bulky bench-top instruments used to detect and identify the molecules inside a sample by shining light on it and measuring different wavelengths of the emitted or absorbed light. Previous efforts toward miniaturizing spectrometers have reduced their size and cost, but these reductions have typically resulted in lower-resolution instruments.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022For spectrometers, it is better to be small and cheap than big and bulky -- provided that the optical performance targets are met,\u0022 said Ali Adibi, a professor in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology. \u0022We were able to achieve high resolution and wide bandwidth with a compact single-mode on-chip spectrometer through the use of an array of microdonut resonators, each with an outer radius of two microns.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe 81-channel on-chip spectrometer designed by Georgia Tech engineers achieved 0.6-nanometer resolution over a spectral range of more than 50 nanometers with a footprint less than one square millimeter. The simple instrument -- with its ultra-small footprint -- can be integrated with other devices, including sensors, optoelectronics, microelectronics and microfluidic channels for use in biological, chemical, medical and pharmaceutical applications.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe microspectrometer architecture was described in a paper published in the June 20 issue of the journal \u003Cem\u003EOptics Express\u003C\/em\u003E. The research was supported by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This architecture is promising because the quality-factor of the microdonut resonators is higher than that of microrings of the same size,\u0022 said Richard Soref, a research scientist in the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory at Hanscom Air Force Base who was not directly involved in the research. \u0022Having such small resonators is also an advantage because they can be densely packed on a chip, enabling a large spectrum to be sampled.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAdibi\u0027s group is currently developing the next generation of these spectrometers, which are being designed to contain up to 1000 resonators and achieve 0.15-nanometer resolution with a spectral range of 150 nanometers and footprint of 200 micrometers squared.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAdibi, current graduate student Zhixuan Xia and research engineer Ali A. Eftekhar, and former research engineers Babak Momeni and Siva Yegnanarayanan designed and implemented the microspectrometer using CMOS-compatible fabrication processes. The key building element they used to construct the device was an array of miniaturized microdonut resonators, which were essentially microdiscs perforated in their centers. This research built on former Georgia Tech graduate student Mohammad Soltani\u0027s work to develop miniature microresonators, which was published in the Sept. 13, 2010 issue of the journal \u003Cem\u003EOptics Express\u003C\/em\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers adjusted the resonance wavelengths of different microdonut resonators by engineering their geometry. While the resonance was very sensitive to variations in the outer radius, fine-tuning could be achieved by adjusting the inner radius. The microdonut resonators were carefully designed so that each of the resonators only tapped a small portion of the incoming spectrum, thus enabling measurement of the entire spectrum of desired wavelengths in real time. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA key advantage of this microspectrometer design, according to the researchers, is the ability to independently control and configure the resolution and operating bandwidth of each channel for different applications. The device can cover a wide range of wavelengths from approximately one to three micrometers. Extending this concept to the silicon nitride platform also enables spectrometers for visible light applications.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The microspectrometer we designed may allow individuals to replace the big, bulky, high- resolution spectrometers with a large bandwidth they are currently using with an on-chip spectrometer the size of a penny,\u0022 noted Adibi. \u0022Our device has the potential to be a high-resolution, lightweight, compact, high-speed and versatile microspectrometer with a large dynamic range that can be used for many applications.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECurrent graduate students Qing Li and Maysamreza Chamanzar also contributed to this work.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis research was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (Award No. HR 0011-10-1-0075) and the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (AFOSR) (Award No. FA9550-06-01-2003). The content is solely the responsibility of the principal investigator and does not necessarily represent the official views of DARPA or AFOSR.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech electrical engineers have designed a new microspectrometer architecture using compact doughnut-shaped resonators that achieves high resolution and wide bandwidth.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"New microspectrometer architecture uses compact disc-shaped resonators"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-06-20 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:53","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-20T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-20T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"67736":{"id":"67736","type":"image","title":"Microspectrometer micrograph","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894592","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:12"},"67737":{"id":"67737","type":"image","title":"Microdonut resonator SEM image","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894592","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:12"},"67738":{"id":"67738","type":"image","title":"Experimental setup","body":null,"created":"1449177176","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:56","changed":"1475894592","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:12"}},"media_ids":["67736","67737","67738"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1364\/OE.19.012356","title":"June 20 Optics Express paper"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/about\/personnel\/bio.php?id=2","title":"Ali Adibi"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"2769","name":"Ali Adibi"},{"id":"13444","name":"cmos fabrication"},{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"1925","name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering"},{"id":"7343","name":"lab-on-a-chip"},{"id":"13441","name":"microspectrometer"},{"id":"13443","name":"on-chip spectrometer"},{"id":"13442","name":"Resonator"},{"id":"169408","name":"spectrometer"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66415":{"#nid":"66415","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Ga. Tech Generates Highest Economic Impact among University System Institutions","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003EA newly released report indicates\nthat the Georgia Institute of Technology made a $2.15 billion economic impact during\nfiscal year 2010, the highest of any institution in the University System of\nGeorgia (USG). The Selig Center for Economic Growth in the University of\nGeorgia\u2019s Terry College of Business also found that Georgia Tech generated\n18,127 full- and part-time jobs. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe annual study showed that with a\n$12.6 billion economic impact on the state\u2019s economy in FY2010, Georgia\u2019s\npublic university system remains a powerful economic engine for the state, generating\n130,738 full- and part-time jobs statewide during the same time period.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe eight\ninstitutions of the University System located in the metro Atlanta area\naccounted for $5.8 billion of the USG\u2019s $12.6 billion total. Georgia Tech,\nGeorgia State University, Clayton State University, Kennesaw State University,\nSouthern Polytechnic State University, Georgia Gwinnett College, Atlanta\nMetropolitan College and Georgia Perimeter College also produced 53,658 jobs.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Institute also produces 18,127 full- and part-time jobs"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA newly released report indicates\nthat the Georgia Institute of Technology made a $2.15 billion economic impact during\nfiscal year 2010, the highest of any institution in the University System of\nGeorgia (USG).\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A newly released report indicates that the Georgia Institute of Technology made a $2.15 billion economic impact during fiscal year 2010."}],"uid":"27281","created_gmt":"2011-06-07 16:00:15","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:49","author":"Lisa Grovenstein","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-07T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-07T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"62801":{"id":"62801","type":"image","title":"Tech Tower Web Feature","body":null,"created":"1449176394","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:59:54","changed":"1475894547","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:27","alt":"Tech Tower Web Feature","file":{"fid":"191672","name":"Tech_Tower_WebFeature.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Tech_Tower_WebFeature_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Tech_Tower_WebFeature_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":149983,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Tech_Tower_WebFeature_0.jpg?itok=jncbZNG2"}}},"media_ids":["62801"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.icapp.org\/pubs\/usg_impact_fy2010.pdf","title":"2011 USG Economic Impact Study"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"131","name":"Economic Development and Policy"}],"keywords":[{"id":"13344","name":"2011 economic impact"},{"id":"1033","name":"Economic Impact"},{"id":"726","name":"University System of Georgia"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELisa Grovenstein, 404-894-8835\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lisa.grovenstein@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66416":{"#nid":"66416","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Two Georgia Tech Faculty to Serve on R\u0026D Stem Cell Engineering Panel","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe National Science Foundation and the\nNational Institutes of Health have asked two Georgia Tech faculty members to be\npart of a panel to do a worldwide assessment of research and development in the stem cell\nengineering field. \u0026nbsp;\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EBob Nerem, professor emeritus in mechanical\nengineering and director of Georgia Tech and Emory Center for Regenerative\nMedicine, and Todd McDevitt, associate professor of biomedical engineering and\ndirector of Georgia Tech\u0027s Stem Cell Engineering Center, will be two of the six members on the World\nTechnology Evaluation Center panel.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe panel will travel throughout Europe\nand possibly Asia this year to see how the United States compares to other efforts\nworldwide and will make recommendations on how the U.S can move this field\nforward by investing strategically. \u2028\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EBob Nerem, professor emeritus in mechanical\nengineering and director of Georgia Tech and Emory Center for Regenerative\nMedicine, and Todd McDevitt, associate professor of biomedical engineering and\ndirector of Georgia Tech\u0027s Stem Cell Engineering Center, will be two of the six members on the World\nTechnology Evaluation Center panel.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"twoTwo Georgia Tech faculty named to a panel doing worldwide assessment of research and development in the stem cell engineering field.  \u2028"}],"uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-06-07 16:21:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:49","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-07T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-07T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.wtec.org\/SCE\/","title":"Study website"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"13345","name":"College of Engineering; Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and Biosciences; Todd McDevitt; Bob Nerem; World Technology Evaluation Center"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66419":{"#nid":"66419","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech President Kicks Off Summer Tour of Georgia Today","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology President G.P. \u201cBud\u201d Peterson\nkicked off his annual summer tour of the state today in Dalton, Georgia.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThis is the third annual tour for Peterson who will travel\nthrough several cities from June 8 to 13.\u0026nbsp;\nStops will be made in Dalton, Rome, Carrolton, Peachtree City, Newnan,\nLaGrange and Gainesville.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EPeterson and his wife, Val, initiated the visits two years\nago to provide an opportunity to meet face to face with alumni, students, state\nleaders and other friends to share updates on Georgia Tech and listen to\nquestions and concerns.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EStops for the 2010 tour were Young Harris, Athens,\nWatkinsville, Greensboro, Perry, Warner Robins, Fort Valley, Lyons, Vidalia and\nAlbany.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EPeterson visited Columbus, Macon, Savannah, Brunswick and\nAugusta in 2009. \u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\n\n\nGeorgia Institute of Technology President G.P.\n\u201cBud\u201d Peterson kicked off his annual summer tour of the state today in Dalton,\nGeorgia.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"President G.P. \u201cBud\u201d Peterson started his annual summer tour of the state in Dalton, Ga."}],"uid":"27304","created_gmt":"2011-06-08 09:31:41","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:49","author":"Matthew Nagel","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-08T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-08T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"66420":{"id":"66420","type":"image","title":"G.P. \u0022Bud\u0022 Peterson","body":null,"created":"1449177169","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:49","changed":"1475894589","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:09","alt":"G.P. \u0022Bud\u0022 Peterson","file":{"fid":"193311","name":"g.p._bud_peterson.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/g.p._bud_peterson_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/g.p._bud_peterson_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2186478,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/g.p._bud_peterson_0.jpg?itok=-Z2U6fP5"}}},"media_ids":["66420"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/president\/","title":"Georgia Tech President G.P. (Bud) Peterson"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.development.gatech.edu\/campaign\/","title":"Campaign Georgia Tech"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"132","name":"Institute Leadership"}],"keywords":[{"id":"11162","name":"Campaign Georgia Tech"},{"id":"13347","name":"Dalton"},{"id":"3399","name":"G.P. Bud Peterson"},{"id":"13348","name":"Gainesville"},{"id":"10638","name":"rome"},{"id":"169299","name":"summer tour"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["mattnagel@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66421":{"#nid":"66421","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Professor Lu Receives Prize in Systems Biology","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EHang Lu, associate professor in Georgia Tech\u2019s\nSchool of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, has been selected to receive\nthe\u0026nbsp;CSB2 Prize in Systems Biology, which is sponsored by Merrimack\nPharmaceuticals and by the Council for Systems Biology in Boston.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe CSB2 Prize in Systems Biology is awarded\nannually to a young scientist for exceptional contributions to the development\nand implementation of new methods in biomedical research. Lu was selected for\ndevelopment of microfluidic and lab-on-a-chip instruments for manipulating and\nstudying living embryos and nematodes.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ELu, who is part of Georgia Tech\u2019s Parker H. Petit\nInstitute of Bioengineering and Bioscience, received her Ph.D. from the\nMassachusetts Institute of Technology in 2003 and served as a postdoc at\nthe\u0026nbsp;Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of California and\nthe Rockefeller University before coming to Georgia Tech.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EShe has received other awards including the\u0026nbsp;DARPA Young Faculty Award,\nthe\u0026nbsp;DuPont Young Professor Award and the\u0026nbsp;National Institutes of\nHealth Mentored Quantitative Research CAREER Development Award. Her research\nlies at the interface of engineering and biology. Lu\u0027s lab engineers\nmicrofluidic devices and BioMEMS (Bio Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) to\nstudy neuroscience, genetics, cancer biology, systems biology, and\nbiotechnology.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Council for Systems Biology in Boston\nbuilds local, regional, and national links between academic and industrial\nlaboratories active in the areas of systems and computational biology. CSB2 is\ndedicated to promoting quantitative, systems and synthetic biology in the\nBoston area and beyond by promoting interactions among academic and\npharmaceutical laboratories, organizing international symposia and recognizing\nthe achievements of promising young scientists and engineers.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EHang Lu, associate professor in Georgia Tech\u2019s School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, has been selected to receive the\u0026nbsp;CSB2 Prize in Systems Biology, which is sponsored by Merrimack Pharmaceuticals and by the Council for Systems Biology in Boston\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Hang Lu, associate professor in Georgia Tech\u2019s School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, has been selected to receive the CSB2 Prize in Systems Biology."}],"uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-06-08 10:56:33","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:49","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-08T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-08T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"56261":{"id":"56261","type":"image","title":"Dr. Hang Lu","body":null,"created":"1449175629","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:47:09","changed":"1475894499","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:41:39","alt":"Dr. Hang Lu","file":{"fid":"190426","name":"tsb11903.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tsb11903_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tsb11903_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1388514,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tsb11903_0.jpg?itok=18sWpMAf"}}},"media_ids":["56261"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.chbe.gatech.edu\/faculty\/lu.php","title":"Hang Lu"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"13349","name":"College of Engineering; School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; IBB; Hang Lu"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66321":{"#nid":"66321","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Professor Koros Selected to Give Institute Lecture for American Institute of Chemical Engineers","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech Professor William J. Koros has been selected as the 2011 Institute\nLecturer by the National Program Committee of the American Institute of\nChemical Engineers (AIChE). \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EEach year, an AIChE member is invited by the Executive Board of the National Program Committee\nto present a comprehensive, authoritative review of the chemical engineering\nscience in his or her field of specialization. \u0026nbsp;This presentation is known as the Institute\nLecture, and it is the most prestigious award given by the National Program\nCommittee. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u201cThis is a terrific honor for Bill,\u201d said Ronald W.\nRousseau, Cecil J. \u0022Pete\u0022 Silas Chair and Chair of the School of\nChemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Georgia Tech.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EKoros is the GRA Eminent Scholar in Membranes and the\nRoberto C. Goizueta Chair for Excellence in Chemical Engineering in Georgia\nTech\u2019s School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering at Georgia Tech.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EKoros and his research group pursue fundamental and applied\nresearch to the burgeoning area of membrane-gas separation. Koros focuses on\nthe creation of membrane, sorbent and barrier materials; characterization and\napplication of membrane, sorbent and barrier structures; and penetrant history\nand temperature-dependent phenomena.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EKoros received his bachelor\u0027s degree in in 1969 and his\nPh.D. in 1977 from the University of Texas at Austin.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech Professor William J. Koros has been\nselected as the 2011 Institute Lecturer by the National Program Committee of\nthe American Institute of Chemical Engineers.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The National Program Committee of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers selected Koros to give the 2011 Institute Lecture."}],"uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-05-27 13:24:18","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:49","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-05-27T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-05-27T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"56293":{"id":"56293","type":"image","title":"Professor William J. Koros","body":null,"created":"1449175629","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:47:09","changed":"1475894499","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:41:39","alt":"Professor William J. Koros","file":{"fid":"190437","name":"tko11624.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tko11624_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tko11624_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":57099,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tko11624_0.jpg?itok=eBOwOUIN"}}},"media_ids":["56293"],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66351":{"#nid":"66351","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Flower-Like Defects May Help Graphene Respond to Stress","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EBeyond its ability to conduct electrons almost without resistance, the nanomaterial graphene also has amazing mechanical properties, including high strength that could one day make it useful in lightweight, robust structures.  But this material is not without flaws -- including a family of flower-like defects that could detract from its electronic and mechanical properties. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn a paper published in the journal \u003Cem\u003EPhysical Review B\u003C\/em\u003E, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have described a family of seven potential defect structures that may appear in sheets of graphene and imaged examples of the lowest-energy defect in the family. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe defects may arise to help relieve mechanical stress in graphene\u0027s carbon-atom honeycomb structure by allowing atoms to spread out and occupy slightly more space.  Such stress may arise during the growth of graphene or by stretching the graphene sheet.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022For an engineer interested in the mechanical properties of graphene to create atom-thick membranes, for instance, it would be very important to understand these kinds of properties, which could give rise to plastic deformation of the material,\u0022 said Phillip First, one of the paper\u0027s co-authors and a professor in the Georgia Tech School of Physics.  \u0022For instance, it may be that these defects are just one part of the kinetic pathway to failure for a strained sheet of graphene.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor electronic applications, the defects could deflect electrons and cause backscattering that would increase the resistance of the material -- like a rock in a stream slows the flow of water.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nHowever, First says improved growth techniques developed since the defect study began may eliminate that concern.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022With the growth techniques that have now been developed using silicon carbide, we typically do not see these defects,\u0022 he noted.  \u0022The defects occur on material that we know to be of a lower quality because of the growth conditions or substrate preparation.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDefects can appear due to the movement of carbon atoms at high temperatures, explained NIST Fellow Joseph Stroscio.  Rearrangements of graphene that require the least amount of energy involve switching from the standard six-member carbon rings to structures containing either five or seven atoms.  The NIST researchers have discovered that stringing five- and seven-member rings together in closed loops creates a new type of defect or grain boundary loop in the honeycomb lattice.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAccording to NIST researcher Eric Cockayne, the fabrication process plays a big role in creating the defects.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022As the graphene forms under high heat, sections of the lattice can come loose and rotate,\u0022 he said.  \u0022As the graphene cools, these rotated sections link back up with the lattice, but in an irregular way.  It\u0027s almost as if patches of the graphene were cut out with scissors, turned clockwise, and made to fit back into the same place.  Only it really doesn\u0027t fit, which is why we get these flowers.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESo far, only the flower defect, which is composed of six pairs of five- and seven-atom rings, has been observed.  Modeling of graphene\u0027s atomic structure by the NIST team suggests there might be a veritable bouquet of flower-like configurations.  These configurations -- seven in all -- would each possess its own unique mechanical and electrical properties, Cockayne said.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFirst hopes the team can continue studying the defects, both to learn whether their formation can be controlled and to clarify the role of defects in the material\u0027s mechanical properties.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Graphene is strong and light, so the mechanical properties are of great interest,\u0022 he noted.  \u0022Understanding just how it rips apart is an interesting question that has important implications.  But even with these defects, graphene is still spectacularly strong.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech contributions to this work were funded by the Semiconductor Research Corporation (NRI-INDEX) and by the National Science Foundation through the Georgia Tech Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) under grants DMR-0804908 and DMR-0820382.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EMark Esser of NIST also contributed to this article.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Robinson (404-385-3364)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn a new study, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have described a family of seven potential defect structures that may appear in sheets of graphene.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers describe family of defects in graphene."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-06-01 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:49","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-01T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-01T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"66352":{"id":"66352","type":"image","title":"Graphene defect structures","body":null,"created":"1449176931","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:08:51","changed":"1475894589","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:09"}},"media_ids":["66352"],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"2504","name":"conductance"},{"id":"531","name":"defect"},{"id":"429","name":"graphene"},{"id":"9115","name":"MRSEC"},{"id":"13305","name":"Phillip First"},{"id":"960","name":"physics"},{"id":"167229","name":"stress"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66402":{"#nid":"66402","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Astrophysicists Use X-ray Fingerprints to Study Massive Black Holes","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EBy studying the X-rays emitted when superheated gases plunge into distant and massive black holes, astrophysicists at the Georgia Institute of Technology have provided an important test of a long-standing theory that describes the extreme physics occurring when matter spirals into these massive objects.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMatter falling into black holes emits tremendous amounts of energy which can escape as visible light, ultraviolet light and X-rays.  This energy can also drive outflows of gas and dust far from the black hole, affecting the growth and evolution of galaxies containing the black holes.  Understanding the complex processes that occur in these active galactic nuclei is vital to theories describing the formation of galaxies such as the Milky Way, and is therefore the subject of intense research.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThough light cannot escape from black holes themselves, black holes with accretion disks -- which are swirling clouds of matter about to enter the black hole -- are among the most luminous objects in galaxies.  By studying how the radiation and accretion disk interact, astrophysicists can learn much about the extreme gravitational fields, magnetic forces and radiation processes close to these black holes.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We reviewed data collected from space telescopes over the past few years and found that the more rapidly a black hole was gobbling up material, the more highly ionized the accretion disk was,\u0022 said David Ballantyne, an assistant professor in Georgia Tech\u2019s School of Physics.  \u0022The simple theory of accretion disks predicts this, but the relationship we saw between the ionization and rate of accretion was different from what the theory predicted.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe large difference between the observed and theoretical relationships -- a linear dependence on the rate of accretion as opposed to a cubic dependence -- is not surprising for a phenomenon that can\u2019t exactly be tested under controlled laboratory conditions.  In a paper published online June 3 in \u003Cem\u003EThe Astrophysical Journal\u003C\/em\u003E, Ballantyne describes the research and speculates about possible reasons for the difference between observations and theory.  The research, which will appear in the Journal\u0027s June 20 issue, was supported in part by the National Science Foundation (NSF).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022As in many areas of science, especially astronomy, we end up needing more data -- many more high-quality observations to better define this relationship,\u0022 he added.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAstrophysicists don\u0027t have a detailed understanding of how the accretion process works, why black holes grow at different rates -- or what makes them stop growing.  These questions are important because the growth of active galactic nuclei -- the black holes and their surrounding accretion disks -- has broader effects on the galaxies of which they are part. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The rapid accretion phase releases a lot of energy, not only in radiation, but also in outflows that drive gas out of a galaxy, which can shut off star formation and hold back the growth of the galaxy,\u0022 said Ballantyne, a scientist in Georgia Tech\u0027s Center for Relativistic Astrophysics.  \u0022We could potentially learn something fundamental about the flow of energy through the accretion disk very close to the black hole.  We could learn about the viscosity of this matter and how efficiently radiation transport takes place.  These are very important questions in astrophysics.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EX-rays are believed to originate from innermost portion of active galactic nuclei.  As they pass through matter on its way into the black hole, the X-rays are altered by the materials in ways that astrophysicists can measure.  In their study, Ballantyne and his collaborators were interested in studying the ionization state of the matter -- which is related to the illumination -- and were able to do so by analyzing the \u0022fingerprint\u0022 the ionization left on the X-rays.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022From laboratory work, we understand the physics of how gas interacts with X-ray radiation because that\u0027s basically an atomic physics problem,\u0022 he explained.  \u0022We can model what these fingerprints might look like on the X-rays, and compare that to the actual data to help us understand what\u0027s going on.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBecause of their high energy and short wavelength, X-rays pass through many materials, such as human bodies, with little attenuation.  This makes them ideal for examining processes in active galactic nuclei.  Longer wavelengths, such as ultraviolet and visible light, are absorbed by intergalactic dust, or are difficult to distinguish from light originating in stars.  However, X-rays do get absorbed by dense objects, such as bones -- and crucially for this study -- accretion disks.   \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBallantyne and his collaborators Jon McDuffie and John Rusin studied ten X-ray observations reported by other scientists from eight different active galactic nuclei.  The observations were made using such space telescopes as Chandra and XMM.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo be useful, they used only measurements of X-ray emissions from the innermost and hottest portion of the accretion disk, and only where the mass of the black holes -- which range from a million to a billion times the size of our sun -- had high quality estimates.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn pursuing the study, Ballantyne hopes to maintain the involvement of Rusin, a student from South Cobb High School in Marietta, near Atlanta.  Rusin became involved when he contacted Georgia Tech to inquire about astrophysics projects.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022He helped us with data acquisition and was a really big help,\u0022 said Ballantyne.  \u0022I treated him just like an undergraduate student.  I\u0027m pleased to know that he has decided to attend Georgia Tech.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe next step in the research will be to gather additional information from other studies of active galactic nuclei to see if the linear relationship Ballantyne\u0027s group measured holds up.  The work may also lead to other techniques for learning about black holes and the accretion process.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Black holes themselves are very simple, but what goes on around them can be very complex,\u0022 Ballantyne said.  \u0022There is still a lot to be learned about how black holes get fueled, and how some accrete slowly while others grow rapidly.  The astrophysics of black holes is actually very important in determining what our universe looks like.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Robinson (404-385-3364)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETechnical Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: David Ballantyne (404-385-3909)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:david.ballantyne@physics.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Edavid.ballantyne@physics.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EBy studying the X-rays emitted when superheated gases plunge into massive black holes, astrophysicists have provided an important test of a long-standing theory that describes the extreme physics occurring when matter spirals into these massive objects.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"X-ray fingerprints provide clues to the growth of black holes."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-06-06 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:49","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-06-06T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-06-06T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"66404":{"id":"66404","type":"image","title":"Researchers discuss active galactic nuclei","body":null,"created":"1449177169","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:49","changed":"1475894589","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:09"},"66405":{"id":"66405","type":"image","title":"Active galactic nuclei","body":null,"created":"1449177169","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:12:49","changed":"1475894589","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:09"}},"media_ids":["66404","66405"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.physics.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech School of Physics"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.cra.gatech.edu\/","title":"Center for Relativistic Astrophysics"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.cra.gatech.edu\/people\/ballantyne.html","title":"David Ballantyne"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"13340","name":"active galactic nuclei"},{"id":"4079","name":"astrophysics"},{"id":"10881","name":"black holes"},{"id":"13341","name":"David Ballantyne"},{"id":"8312","name":"galaxy"},{"id":"960","name":"physics"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66196":{"#nid":"66196","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Team Robot: Autonomous Vehicles Collaborate to Explore, Map Buildings","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThere isn\u0027t a radio-control handset in sight as several small robots roll briskly up the hallways of an office building.  Working by themselves and communicating only with one another, the vehicles divide up a variety of exploration tasks -- and within minutes have transmitted a detailed floor map to humans nearby. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis isn\u0027t a future-tech scenario.  This advanced autonomous capability has been developed by a team from the Georgia Institute of Technology, the University of Pennsylvania and the California Institute of Technology\/Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).  A paper describing this capability and its present level of performance was presented in April at the SPIE Defense, Security and Sensing Conference in Orlando, Fla. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022When first responders -- whether it\u0027s a firefighter in downtown Atlanta or a soldier overseas -- confront an unfamiliar structure, it\u0027s very stressful and potentially dangerous because they have limited knowledge of what they\u0027re dealing with,\u0022 said Henrik Christensen, a team member who is a professor in the Georgia Tech College of Computing and director of the Robotics and Intelligent Machines Center there.  \u0022If those first responders could send in robots that would quickly search the structure and send back a map, they\u0027d have a much better sense of what to expect and they\u0027d feel more confident.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe ability to map and explore simultaneously represents a milestone in the Micro Autonomous Systems and Technology (MAST) Collaborative Technology Alliance Program, a major research initiative sponsored by the U.S. Army Research Laboratory. The five-year program is led by BAE Systems and includes numerous principal and general members comprised largely of universities.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMAST\u0027s ultimate objective is to develop technologies that will enable palm-sized autonomous robots to help humans deal with civilian and military challenges in confined spaces.  The program vision is for collaborative teams of tiny devices that could roll, hop, crawl or fly just about anywhere, carrying sensors that detect and send back information critical to human operators.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe wheeled platforms used in this experiment measure about one foot square. But MAST researchers are working toward platforms small enough to be held in the palm of one hand. Fully autonomous and collaborative, these tiny robots could swarm by the scores into hazardous situations.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe MAST program involves four principal research teams: integration, microelectronics, microsystems mechanics, and processing for autonomous operation. Georgia Tech researchers are participating in every area except microelectronics. In addition to the College of Computing, researchers from the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI), the School of Aerospace Engineering and the School of Physics are involved in MAST work. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe experiment -- developed by the Georgia Tech MAST processing team -- combines navigation technology developed by Georgia Tech with vision-based techniques from JPL and network technology from the University of Pennsylvania.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to Christensen, members of the Georgia Tech processing team involved in the demonstration include Professor Frank Dellaert of the College of Computing and graduate students Alex Cunningham, Manohar Paluri and John G. Rogers III.   Regents professor Ronald C. Arkin of the College of Computing and Tom Collins of GTRI are also members of the Georgia Tech processing team.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the experiment, the robots perform their mapping work using two types of sensors \u2013 a video camera and a laser scanner.  Supported by onboard computing capability, the camera locates doorways and windows, while the scanner measures walls.  In addition, an inertial measurement unit helps stabilize the robot and provides information about its movement.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EData from the sensors are integrated into a local area map that is developed by each robot using a graph-based technique called simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). The SLAM approach allows an autonomous vehicle to develop a map of either known or unknown environments, while also monitoring and reporting on its own current location.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESLAM\u0027s flexibility is especially valuable in areas where global positioning system (GPS) service is blocked, such as inside buildings and in some combat zones, Christensen said.  When GPS is active, human handlers can use it to see where their robots are. But in the absence of global location information, SLAM enables the robots to keep track of their own locations as they move.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022There is no lead robot, yet each unit is capable of recruiting other units to make sure the entire area is explored,\u0022 Christensen explained. \u0022When the first robot comes to an intersection, it says to a second robot, \u0027I\u0027m going to go to the left if you go to the right.\u0027\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChristensen expects the robots\u0027 abilities to expand beyond mapping soon. One capability under development by a MAST team involves tiny radar units that could see through walls and detect objects -- or humans -- behind them.  Infrared sensors could also support the search mission by locating anything giving off heat.  In addition, a MAST team is developing a highly flexible \u0022whisker\u0022 to sense the proximity of walls, even in the dark. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe processing team is designing a more complex experiment for the coming year to include small autonomous aerial platforms for locating a particular building, finding likely entry points and then calling in robotic mapping teams. Demonstrating such a capability next year would culminate progress in small-scale autonomy during MAST\u0027s first five years, Christensen said.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to the three universities, other MAST team participants are North Carolina A\u0026amp;T State University, the University of California Berkeley, the University of Maryland, the University of Michigan, the University of New Mexico, Harvard University, the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and two companies: BAE Systems and Daedalus Flight Systems.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis research was sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory under Cooperative Agreement Number W911NF-08-2-0004. The views and conclusions contained in this document are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing the official policies, either expressed or implied, of the Army Research Laboratory or the U.S. Government.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Robinson (404-385-3364)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn a project sponsored by the Army Research Laboratory, researchers are giving autonomous robots the ability to work together to explore and map the interiors of buildings. Beyond soldiers, the capability could also help civilian first responders.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Autonomous robots are collaborating to explore and map buildings."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-05-15 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:45","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-05-15T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-05-15T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"66198":{"id":"66198","type":"image","title":"Henrik Christensen with robot","body":null,"created":"1449176931","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:08:51","changed":"1475894587","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:07"},"66199":{"id":"66199","type":"image","title":"Henrik Christensen with robot","body":null,"created":"1449176931","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:08:51","changed":"1475894587","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:07"}},"media_ids":["66198","66199"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ic.gatech.edu\/people\/henrik-christensen","title":"Henrik Christensen"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.rim.gatech.edu\/","title":"Robotics and Intelligent Machine Center"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/","title":"College of Computing"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"152","name":"Robotics"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7264","name":"autonomous"},{"id":"3156","name":"Buildings"},{"id":"10939","name":"collaborate"},{"id":"7059","name":"explore"},{"id":"11890","name":"henrik christensen"},{"id":"7076","name":"map"},{"id":"1356","name":"robot"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66210":{"#nid":"66210","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute Leads $10 M Open Source Initiative","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology (S\u0026amp;T) Directorate has named the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) to lead implementation efforts for the five-year, $10 million Homeland Open Security Technology (HOST) program.  The HOST program will investigate open source and open cyber security methods, models and technologies, and identify viable and sustainable approaches that support national cyber security objectives.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The strategic objective of the HOST program is to lead efforts of discovery and collaboration, seeding development in open source software and practices that produce a measurable impact for government cyber security systems,\u0022 said Joshua Davis, associate division head at GTRI\u0027s Cyber Technology and Information Security Laboratory and principal investigator for the HOST program.  \u0022The collaborative nature of open source and open technologies provide unique technical and economic value and opportunities for government users.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOpen technologies are not a panacea for all challenges, Davis added.  HOST will reach out to government, industry, academic and open source community representatives to learn where and how open technologies have been successfully adopted within public and private systems and where the challenges still remain.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022As we go, we are sharing this information across government agencies and helping to build networks of users, service and support providers and policy influencers, and providing a venue to enable them to discuss, share and learn from collective experiences,\u0022 Davis said.  \u0022The collective is what gives open source its strength.  We are simply applying this successful strategy to address government cyber security challenges.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI is leading HOST efforts in conjunction with the Open Technology Research Consortium (OTRC), a collaborative network of leading academic research institutions, industry partners and open source community organizations that work to promote the advancement of open source software adoption within government agencies. OTRC members participating in the HOST program include: Georgia Tech Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin, the Open Information Security Foundation and the Open Source Software Institute.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESecuring the nation\u0027s cyber networks and protecting critical infrastructures is a primary focus of the Department of Homeland Security.  To accomplish this, DHS seeks to drive innovation and promote the adoption of cyber security technologies, techniques and procedures that produce safe, secure and resilient cyber systems for federal, state, local, tribal and territorial government agencies.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWithin DHS, the Science and Technology Directorate is responsible for sponsoring advanced research activities and leading the development of collaborative working relationships to exchange ideas and technical resources between the public and private-sector environments. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAdditional information on the HOST program will be made available through the DHS HOST website (\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.cyber.st.dhs.gov\/host.html\u0022 title=\u0022www.cyber.st.dhs.gov\/host.html\u0022\u003Ewww.cyber.st.dhs.gov\/host.html\u003C\/a\u003E) and through a publicly accessible informational portal to be launched this summer. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, GA  30308 USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe U.S. Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Science and Technology (S\u0026amp;T) Directorate has named the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) to lead implementation efforts for the five-year, $10 million Homeland Open Security Technology (HOST) program.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"GTRI researchers are leading a new open source software initiative."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-05-17 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:45","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-05-17T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-05-17T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"66211":{"id":"66211","type":"image","title":"Joshua Davis","body":null,"created":"1449176931","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:08:51","changed":"1475894589","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:09"}},"media_ids":["66211"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"13168","name":"Department of Homeland Security"},{"id":"13167","name":"DHS"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"13166","name":"Joshua Davis"},{"id":"5155","name":"open source"},{"id":"13165","name":"open source software"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66232":{"#nid":"66232","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Professor Boyan Named ITI Fellow","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EBarbara Boyan, Ph.D., professor\u0026nbsp; and Price Gilbert Jr. Chair in Tissue Engineering, has recently been named a Fellow of the International Team for Implantology (ITI). ITI is a unique network that unites professionals around the world from every field of implant dentistry and related tissue regeneration. As an independent academic association, it actively promotes networking and exchange among its membership.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EITI Fellows are recognized for their leadership in international, national or regional activities; record of publication and research in the area of implant dentistry; engagement in dental implant education; and demonstration of innovation and further development in the clinical implant dentistry field. Fellowship is conferred for a period of four years and is reviewed at the end of this period. It is only possible to become an ITI Fellow by nomination.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBoyan, a Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar, has research interests in bone and cartilage cell biology in the fields of orthopaedics, plastic and reconstructive surgery, and oral health, with specific emphasis on the role of sex in determining how cells respond to steroid hormones and to biomaterials used in medical devices. She is past president, American Association for Dental Research; past secretary\/treasurer, Orthopaedic Research Society; member, Board of Directors: ArthroCare, Inc., IsoTis, Inc., and Carticept Medical, Inc.; and founder, OsteoBiologics, Inc.; Orthonics, Inc.; Biomedical Development Corporation; and Spherigenics, Inc.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EITI is a unique network that unites professionals around the world from every field of implant dentistry and related tissue regeneration. As an independent academic association, it actively promotes networking and exchange among its membership.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Barbara Boyan, Ph.D., professor  and Price Gilbert Jr. Chair in Tissue Engineering, has recently been named a Fellow of the International Team for Implantology (ITI)."}],"uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-05-19 11:35:56","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:45","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-05-19T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-05-19T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"40568":{"id":"40568","type":"image","title":"Dr. Barbara Boyan","body":null,"created":"1449174210","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:23:30","changed":"1475894210","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:36:50"}},"media_ids":["40568"],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"13241","name":"college of engineering; biomedical; Barbara Boyan"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKay Kinard\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECommunications, College of Engineering\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E404-385-7358\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["kay.kinard@coe.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"66316":{"#nid":"66316","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech-Based Startup Wins Business Competition","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EPindrop Security, a new company based on technology developed by School of Computer Science researchers to verify caller ID, has won the 2011 GRA\/TAG Business Launch Competition.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECosponsored by the Georgia Research Alliance (GRA) and the Technology Association of Georgia (TAG), the competition facilitates connections between the younger entrepreneurial community and more seasoned entrepreneurs. Pindrop, founded by primary researcher and Ph.D. student Vijay Balasubramaniyan, beat out three other finalists to claim the $50,000 cash first prize, as well as more than $200,000 in donated services from the Atlanta business community.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOriginally called \u201cPinDr0p,\u201d the technology works by analyzing audio imprints left on calls by the multiple networks\u2014cellular, voiceover IP, public switched telephone networks\u2014through which they travel. It uses these imprints to positively identify the calling phone with high accuracy. Equally important is that the identification is made within 15 seconds of initial call placement.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBalasubramaniyan developed Pindrop in collaboration with School of Computer Science and Georgia Tech Information Security Center (GTISC) faculty, including Assistant Professor Patrick Traynor and Professor and GTISC Director Mustaque Ahamad. Earlier this year, TAG named Pindrop Security a Georgia Top 40 Innovation Company, and it also finished second in the 2011 Startup Riot.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWinning the prize feels great, particularly because there were 88 other great companies competing for it,\u201d Balasubramaniyan said. \u201cIt provides great validation for the technology, the efforts of the team and the market potential. Georgia is a great place to start and build a security-focused technology company, and we\u2019re pleased to work with the local community to support economic growth and development as we expand our reach into the financial services, government and consumer markets.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cGTISC researchers are leaders in understanding emerging cyber security threats and in developing innovative techniques that can provide effective solutions for real-world problems,\u201d said Ahamad. \u201cPindrop is just another example of this, and it will help maintain Atlanta\u0027s reputation as a security industry hub.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBalasubramaniyan said the company\u2019s next step will be to use its GRA\/TAG competition winnings to hire staff, with plans underway for the next software release in the fourth quarter of this year.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Ch4\u003ERELATED LINKS\u003C\/h4\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EPindrop Security, a new company based on technology developed by School of Computer Science researchers to verify caller ID, has won the 2011 GRA\/TAG Business Launch Competition.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Pindrop technology uses audio imprints to ID calls traveling through multiple global networks."}],"uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-05-26 16:22:53","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:45","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-05-26T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-05-26T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"39933":{"id":"39933","type":"image","title":"Klaus Advanced Computing Building","body":null,"created":"1449174136","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:22:16","changed":"1475894241","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:37:21"}},"media_ids":["39933"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/","title":"College of Computing"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.cc.gatech.edu\/news\/georgia-tech-researchers-design-system-trace-call-paths-across-multiple-networks","title":"Georgia Tech Researchers Design System to Trace Call Path Across Multiple Networks"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtisc.gatech.edu\/","title":"GTISC"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.pindropsecurity.com\/","title":"Pin Drop Security"}],"groups":[{"id":"1214","name":"News Room"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"}],"keywords":[{"id":"13279","name":"Georgia Tech Information Security Center; Information security; Mustaque Ahamad"},{"id":"13274","name":"patrick traynor"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EBrendan Streich\u003Cbr \/\u003EGeorgia Tech College of Computing, Office of Communications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:bstreich%40cc.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ebstreich@cc.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-7253\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["bstreich@cc.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65712":{"#nid":"65712","#data":{"type":"news","title":"School Chair Ronald Rousseau Receives 2011 Malcolm E. Pruitt Award","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ERonald W. Rousseau,\nCecil J. \u0022Pete\u0022 Silas Chair and Chair of the School of Chemical \u0026amp;\nBiomolecular Engineering at Georgia Tech, has been named the recipient of the Council for Chemical Research\u0026nbsp;2011 Malcolm\nE. Pruitt Award.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe award includes a plaque that will be presented during a\nspecial ceremony at the 32nd Council for Chemical Research annual meeting May 1-3 in\nDetroit, Mich.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Malcolm E. Pruitt Award has been given annually since\n1985 to recognize outstanding contributions to research progress in the\nchemical sciences and engineering while interacting among industrial, academic\nand government research sections. \u0026nbsp;Rousseau\nis the 3rd Georgia Tech engineering professor to receive this award.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ERousseau has served as chair of ChBE since joining the\nGeorgia Tech faculty in 1987. He also has served two terms as interim director of the\u0026nbsp;Institute of Paper Science \u0026amp; Technology at Georgia Tech.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPreviously, he was a faculty member at\nNorth Carolina State University and a visiting professor at Princeton\nUniversity. He received his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. from Louisiana State\nUniversity. His research has explored numerous areas related to separation\nprocesses and resulted in more than 190 journal articles, book chapters, and\nmonographs and more than 250 presentations at technical meetings and seminars\nfor industry and universities.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAmong his many awards and honors, Rousseau received the Warren K. Lewis Award from the American Institute of Chemical Engineers, the Clarence G. Gerhold Award from the Separations Division of the AIChE and the Forest Products Award given by the Forest Products Division of AIChE. He is a fellow of both AIChE and the American Association for the Advancement of Science and was selected for the LSU Engineering Hall of Distinction. On the occasion of the AIChE Centennial, he was cited by AIChE as one of 30 authors of groundbreaking chemical engineering books. In January 2010, he was awarded a\u0026nbsp;\u003Cem\u003EDocteur Honoris Causa\u003C\/em\u003E\u0026nbsp;by L\u2019Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ERousseau is the 3rd Georgia Tech faculty member to receive the annual award that recognizes outstanding contributions to research progress in the chemical sciences and engineering while interacting among industrial, academic and government research sections. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Ronald W. Rousseau, Chair of the School of Chemical \u0026 Biomolecular Engineering, honored by the Council for Chemical Research."}],"uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-04-22 09:25:57","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:38","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-04-22T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-04-22T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"65716":{"id":"65716","type":"image","title":"Ronald W. Rousseau","body":null,"created":"1449176863","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:07:43","changed":"1475894582","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:02","alt":"Ronald W. Rousseau","file":{"fid":"192306","name":"rousseau-1.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/rousseau-1_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/rousseau-1_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":45505,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/rousseau-1_0.jpg?itok=Q0qEjzDJ"}}},"media_ids":["65716"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.chbe.gatech.edu\/faculty\/rousseau.php","title":"Ronald W. Rousseau\u0027s faculty page"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ccrhq.org\/","title":"The Council for Chemical Research"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"12887","name":"2011 Malcolm E. Pruitt Award"},{"id":"8401","name":"Ronald W. Rousseau"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65765":{"#nid":"65765","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Radar Shows Promise for Detecting Concussions in Athletes and Soldiers","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWalking and thinking at the same\ntime can be especially difficult for persons who\u2019ve suffered concussions, and\nscientists hope to use that multitasking challenge \u2013 measured by a simple radar\nsystem \u2013 to quickly screen individuals who may have suffered brain injuries.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EBy asking an individual to walk\na short distance while saying the months of the year in reverse order,\nresearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are trying to determine\nif that person is impaired. This simple test, which could be performed on the\nsideline of a sporting event or on a battlefield, has the potential to help\ncoaches and commanders decide if athletes and soldiers are ready to engage in\nactivity again.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cResearch performed at the\nUniversity of Oregon found that when a person with a concussion performs\ncognitive and motor skill tasks simultaneously, they have a different gait\npattern than a healthy individual, and we are working to identify those\nanomalies in a person\u2019s walk with radar,\u201d said GTRI research engineer Jennifer\nPalmer.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EMore than 1 million concussions\nand other mild traumatic brain injuries are reported each year in the United\nStates and catching them right after they happen can improve treatment and\nprevent further injury or other long-term health issues. Diagnosing concussions\ncan be difficult, though, because the symptoms of concussions are not always\neasily visible or detectable, even though they last for weeks or months\nfollowing the incident. Methods exist for detecting concussions, but most focus\npurely on cognitive impairment and do not assess accompanying motor skill\ndeterioration.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EDetails of GTRI\u2019s research technique,\nwhich simultaneously examines a person\u2019s cognitive and motor skills, were presented\non April 26 at the SPIE Defense, Security and Sensing conference in Orlando.\nGTRI research engineers Kristin Bing and Amy Sharma, principal research\nscientist (ret) Eugene Greneker, and research scientist Teresa Selee also\nworked on this project, which is supported by the GTRI Independent Research and\nDevelopment (IRAD) program.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ESeveral studies have shown that\nmeasuring changes in gait could be used to diagnose concussions, but measuring\na person\u2019s gait typically requires wearing special clothing with reflective\nmarkers or sensors so that movements can be captured with motion analysis\ncameras. Using radar for gait analysis could be faster and less intrusive than\nthese existing techniques. The assessment would be done with radar systems\nsimilar to those used by police for measuring the speed of vehicles.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cul\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=oi0PDcZuMgU\u0022\u003EWatch a three-minute video describing this research\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/li\u003E\u003C\/ul\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor their study, the GTRI\nresearch team compared how 10 healthy individuals walked normally and when subjected\nto a simulated impairment. For the impairment scenario, individuals wore\ngoggles that simulated impairment produced by drinking alcoholic beverages.\nPast research has shown that concussion impairment is equivalent to having a\nblood alcohol level of 0.05 percent.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring the trials, each\nindividual performed four 30-second walking tasks: a normal walk, walk while\nsaying the months of the year in reverse order, walk while wearing the goggles,\nand walk while wearing the goggles and performing the cognitive task. For each\ntask, the subjects walked away from the radar system, turned around and walked\nback toward the radar system.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe\u2019re using a 10.5 gigahertz\ncontinuous wave radar, which is similar to a police officer\u2019s radar gun that\nmeasures the speed of a car,\u201d explained Bing. \u201cThe data we collect tells us the\nvelocity of everything that\u2019s in the field of view of the radar at that time,\nincluding a person\u2019s foot kicks, and head and torso movements.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers analyzed the\nradar data using information-theoretic techniques, which detected similarities\nand differences in the information without having to identify and align\nspecific body parts. In addition, these techniques could recognize a gait\nanomaly without requiring that an individual\u2019s normal gait be measured before\nthe person became impaired.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe found differences between\nthe gait patterns of individuals walking normally while completing a cognitive\ntask versus those with the simulated impairment while completing a cognitive\ntask,\u201d explained Palmer. \u201cThe gait of individuals walking normally while\ncompleting a cognitive task was more periodic, with regular and higher velocity\nfoot kicks and faster torso and head movement, than the gait exhibited by\nindividuals wearing impairment goggles and performing the cognitive task.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe results also indicated that\nif no cognitive task was performed, the gait pattern was not statistically\ndifferent when wearing and not wearing the goggles.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cWe found that we needed to exercise\na person\u2019s physical and mental capabilities at the same time to see a change in\ngait,\u201d said Bing. \u201cIt\u2019s easy for a person to concentrate on one task, but when\nthat person has to multitask we can begin to discriminate differences in gait.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the future, the researchers\nplan to collect additional data from healthy individuals of different heights\nand weights, and from individuals exhibiting concussion symptoms according to\nneuropsychological screening tests performed at a hospital. They also plan to\nreduce the size of the experimental system so that it becomes more practical to\nuse.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cFor the military, we envision\nthe system could fit into a tough box so that commanders can have it in the\nfield,\u201d added Bing. \u201cThey could simply press a button, connect the radar system\nto a laptop, and an easy-to-use interface would display the results.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EApproval from the Food and Drug\nAdministration will be required before this system can be used to help doctors diagnose\nconcussions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986) or Kirk Englehardt (kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu; 404-407-7280)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGTRI researchers are developing a radar technique they hope will allow them to quickly screen individuals to determine if they have suffered an impairment such as concussion.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Radar being tested as a way to screen individuals for concussions"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-04-25 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:38","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-04-25T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-04-25T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"65766":{"id":"65766","type":"image","title":"GTRI Palmer, Sharma, Bing","body":null,"created":"1449176884","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:08:04","changed":"1475894582","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:02","alt":"GTRI Palmer, Sharma, Bing","file":{"fid":"192393","name":"ttz38334.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ttz38334_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ttz38334_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1451954,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ttz38334_0.jpg?itok=mEBFb1yn"}},"65767":{"id":"65767","type":"image","title":"GTRI radar concussion","body":null,"created":"1449176884","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:08:04","changed":"1475894582","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:02","alt":"GTRI radar concussion","file":{"fid":"192394","name":"tmm38334.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tmm38334_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tmm38334_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1394120,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tmm38334_0.jpg?itok=HGw0ED3R"}},"65768":{"id":"65768","type":"image","title":"GTRI Palmer, Bing, Sharma","body":null,"created":"1449176884","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:08:04","changed":"1475894582","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:02","alt":"GTRI Palmer, Bing, Sharma","file":{"fid":"192395","name":"toi38334.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/toi38334_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/toi38334_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1563323,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/toi38334_0.jpg?itok=QX5bcCnl"}}},"media_ids":["65766","65767","65768"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"3438","name":"athletes"},{"id":"4200","name":"cognitive"},{"id":"12927","name":"cognitive skills"},{"id":"3190","name":"concussion"},{"id":"12923","name":"concussion detection"},{"id":"12929","name":"concussion diagnosis"},{"id":"12924","name":"gait analysis"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"525","name":"military"},{"id":"12926","name":"motor skills"},{"id":"12925","name":"multitasking"},{"id":"2621","name":"radar"},{"id":"170727","name":"soldiers"},{"id":"12922","name":"traumatic brain injury"},{"id":"12930","name":"vision impairment"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65853":{"#nid":"65853","#data":{"type":"news","title":"33 Georgia Tech Students Awarded NSF Graduate Research Fellowships","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003EThe National Science Foundation\n(NSF) has awarded 33 Georgia Tech students with Graduate Research Fellowships\n(GRF), more than any other college or university in the state. The fellowships,\nvalued at more than $120,000 each, include $30,000 per year for three years for\ngraduate study and $10,500 annually for three years of tuition.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EFor the first time, 23 of the 33 Georgia\nTech recipients are women. This year\u2019s winners represent areas of study ranging\nfrom aerospace engineering to theoretical chemistry. In addition, 48 current\nGeorgia Tech students received an honorable mention designation from NSF.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe purpose of the GRF initiative,\nthe oldest of NSF\u2019s programs, is to foster experts who will contribute\nsignificantly to research, teaching and innovations in science and engineering.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EA list of the 2011 GRF recipients is provided under the \u0022Related Files\u0022 heading.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Record Number of Tech Women Receive 2011 Awards"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe National Science Foundation\n(NSF) has awarded 33 Georgia Tech students with Graduate Research Fellowships\n(GRF), more than any other college or university in the state. The fellowships,\nvalued at more than $120,000 each, include $30,000 per year for three years for\ngraduate study and $10,500 annually for three years of tuition.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The National Science Foundation has awarded 33 Georgia Tech students with Graduate Research Fellowships, more than any other college or university in the state."}],"uid":"27281","created_gmt":"2011-04-28 17:24:42","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:38","author":"Lisa Grovenstein","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-04-28T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-04-28T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"65314":{"id":"65314","type":"image","title":"Tech Tower","body":null,"created":"1449176831","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:07:11","changed":"1475894577","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:57","alt":"Tech Tower","file":{"fid":"193206","name":"08C1004-P40-032.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/08C1004-P40-032.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/08C1004-P40-032.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":4451315,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/08C1004-P40-032.jpg?itok=SPIMRHps"}}},"media_ids":["65314"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/funding\/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=6201","title":"Graduate Research Fellowship Program"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"8862","name":"Student Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"9143","name":"Graduate Research Fellowship"},{"id":"363","name":"NSF"},{"id":"12979","name":"outstanding students"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELisa Grovenstein, 404-894-8835\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lisa.grovenstein@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65889":{"#nid":"65889","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Tech eDemocracy Project Wins CASE Grant","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Campus\nCommunity Partnership Foundation (CCPF) honored a group of Tech students with\nits Community Academic Service Entrepreneur (CASE) grant for their proposal of\nProject Redistrict.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe project\u2019s\nobjective is to generate public awareness of political issues related to voting\ndistricts, proposing a mathematical algorithm to automatically redistrict\nregions using census data. Project Redistrict, a project of Georgia Tech\neDemocracy, has the long-term goal of constructing an intuitive website that\nredistricts areas based on parameters such as population equality, density and\ncontiguity.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe team worked\nvery hard throughout the term and is very excited to be awarded this grant,\u201d\nsaid Sheetul Hassan, a third-year materials science and engineering student and\nteam leader for the project. \u201cThe grant money will be used primarily for\nimprovement of our innovation through community outreach programs and in\nmuch-needed software. This is a great honor and we look forward to the future\nsuccess of this project.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003ETeam members\ninclude industrial and systems engineering students Charlotte Huang, Swetha\nKrishnakumar and Xiaotong Yang; computer science student Himani Manglani; and\npublic policy student Stephanie Noble. Rich DeMillo, distinguished professor in\nthe College of Computing, served as faculty advisor. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe honor\nincludes $1,000 for project implementation, $500 in student scholarships and a\n$1,000 stipend to DeMillo. The team will be presented with certificates of\nmerit at Georgia Tech President G.P. \u201cBud\u201d Peterson\u2019s office on May 5.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Campus\nCommunity Partnership Foundation (CCPF) honored a group of Tech students with\nits CASE grant.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Campus Community Partnership Foundation (CCPF) honored a group of Tech students with its CASE grant."}],"uid":"27469","created_gmt":"2011-05-02 08:32:44","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:38","author":"Kristen Bailey","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-05-02T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-05-02T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/edemocracy.vip.gatech.edu\/projectredistrict\/","title":"Project Redistrict"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.c2pf.org\/","title":"Campus Community Partnership Foundation"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.servicebook.org\/content\/view\/303\/124\/","title":"About the CASE grant"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"134","name":"Student and Faculty"},{"id":"8862","name":"Student Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"13007","name":"campus community partner foundation"},{"id":"13008","name":"community academic service entrepreneur grant"},{"id":"1422","name":"grants"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kristen.shaw@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EKristen Shaw\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ECommunications \u0026amp; Marketing\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65920":{"#nid":"65920","#data":{"type":"news","title":"NIH Awards $5 Million for Development of Hemorrhagic Fever Vaccines","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe National Institutes of Health (NIH) has awarded nearly $5.4 million to a collaborative team of scientists at Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology and Texas Biomedical Research Institute to develop vaccines for prevention of deadly hemorrhagic fevers.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe project focuses on the development of an effective vaccine for Ebola and Marburg virus infections, two members of a family named \u0022filoviruses\u0022 because they produce long filamentous particles.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe lead investigators include Richard Compans and Chinglai Yang at Emory University, Mark Prausnitz at Georgia Tech, and Jean Patterson and Ricardo Carrion at Texas Biomedical Research Institute.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAccording to Compans, \u0022These viruses cause severe hemorrhagic fevers with up to 90 percent mortality, and can be passed via person-to-person contact, thus posing a high risk in case of an epidemic outbreak as well as a possible bioterrorism threat.\u201d\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn ongoing research, the Emory group has developed virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines to prevent virus infection, and has shown that the Ebola VLPs stimulate immune cell activity and induce strong antibody responses, indicating that such VLPs could be effective vaccines to induce protective immunity against infection. They also have found that immunization with a mixture of DNA and VLP vaccines (DNA\/VLP) induced higher levels of protective immune responses in comparison to immunization with either vaccine alone.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We consider this to be one of the most promising and safest approaches to protecting against hemorrhagic fever viruses,\u0022 said Patterson, chair of the Department of Virology and Immunology at Texas Biomedical Research Institute.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition, the researchers are testing these vaccines with a new skin delivery technology developed at Georgia Tech that could further increase such responses, with the aim of having a vaccine that can confer rapid and long-lasting protection against Ebola and Marburg virus infection. The results will identify the most effective candidate vaccine for human trials. The successful development of this vaccine strategy may also lead to vaccines against other viral hemorrhagic fevers, which still lack effective vaccines.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Administering these vaccines with a microneedle skin patch may increase the effectiveness of the vaccine, as well as potentially make vaccination simple and painless,\u0022 said Prausnitz, professor of chemical and biomedical engineering at Georgia Tech.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThe Robert W. Woodruff Health Sciences Center of Emory University produced this news release.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Holly Korschun, Emory University (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hkorsch@emory.edu\u0022\u003Ehkorsch@emory.edu\u003C\/a\u003E)(404-727-3990) or John Toon, Georgia Tech (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E)(404-894-6986).\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe National Institutes of Health (NIH) has awarded nearly $5.4 million to a collaborative team of scientists at Emory University, Georgia Institute of Technology and Texas Biomedical Research Institute to develop vaccines for prevention of deadly hemorrhagic fevers.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A new grant advances the fight against hemorrhagic fever infections."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-05-02 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:38","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-05-02T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-05-02T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"65921":{"id":"65921","type":"image","title":"Marburg virus virion","body":null,"created":"1449176884","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:08:04","changed":"1475894585","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:05","alt":"Marburg virus virion","file":{"fid":"192429","name":"ttj75176.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ttj75176_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ttj75176_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":81147,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ttj75176_0.jpg?itok=kQiF9g4e"}}},"media_ids":["65921"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.chbe.gatech.edu\/faculty\/prausnitz.php","title":"Mark Prausnitz"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.chbe.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Chemical \u0026 Biomolecular Engineering"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"13022","name":"Ebola"},{"id":"13020","name":"hemorrhagic fever"},{"id":"13021","name":"Marburg"},{"id":"495","name":"Mark Prausnitz"},{"id":"7496","name":"microneedles"},{"id":"2076","name":"NIH"},{"id":"763","name":"vaccine"},{"id":"13023","name":"virus-like particle"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65924":{"#nid":"65924","#data":{"type":"news","title":"STaC Students Bring Nature into the Library during Exams","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAs students make their camps in the library during final exam week, they may be tempted to seek shelter from their academic chaos in a new structure that has taken shape in the Neely Gallery.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Treehouse Project is the creation of students in a science, technology and culture (STaC) senior seminar called \u0022The Natural History of Wood\u0022 with Hugh Crawford, associate professor in the School of Literature, Communication and Culture.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThroughout the seminar, students looked at trees and forests as biological, ecological, technological, cultural, mythic and literary entities. They studied a broad range of nature writing, as well as histories of forestry and building practices. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe students decided to build a tree house to serve as a prompt or provocation to think about trees, forests and small structures in relation to liminal space, sustainable building, children\u0027s literature and the popular imagination. In addition to gathering the materials, designing and constructing the house, students produced video interviews, posters, research papers, flash animations and process slide shows representing their broad and varied research. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe treehouse will be on display in the library\u0027s Neely Gallery throughout the week of final exams.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":"","uid":"27469","created_gmt":"2011-05-03 08:47:02","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:38","author":"Kristen Bailey","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-05-03T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-05-03T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"65925":{"id":"65925","type":"image","title":"STaC Treehouse","body":null,"created":"1449176884","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:08:04","changed":"1475894585","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:43:05","alt":"STaC Treehouse","file":{"fid":"192431","name":"treehouse_apr11.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/treehouse_apr11_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/treehouse_apr11_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":232585,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/treehouse_apr11_0.jpg?itok=T0DbCb63"}}},"media_ids":["65925"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/lcc.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Literature, Communication, and Culture"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.lcc.gatech.edu\/undergraduate\/stac\/","title":"Science, Technology and Culture Program"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"134","name":"Student and Faculty"},{"id":"8862","name":"Student Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"8755","name":"Hugh Crawford"},{"id":"875","name":"LCC"},{"id":"1205","name":"Library"},{"id":"13026","name":"natural history of wood"},{"id":"169358","name":"stac"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:hugh.crawford@lcc.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EHugh Crawford\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELiterature, Communication and Culture\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kristen.shaw@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EKristen Shaw\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ECommunications \u0026amp; Marketing\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65483":{"#nid":"65483","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Minimal Impact Expected from Federal Government Shutdown","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003EThe possible shutdown\nof the federal government on Saturday is likely to have minimal impact on\nGeorgia Tech, and the campus will be open for business on Monday.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ELike other\nindividuals and institutions, Georgia Tech students, faculty, staff and\ndepartments may encounter delays in federal services. The shutdown is likely to\ninterrupt processing of federal financial aid, passports and other federal\ndocuments.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EWork on\nfederally funded research projects should not be interrupted, although\nemployees who work in government facilities could be impacted. For example, the\nNational Science Foundation (NSF) is reporting that current awardees may\ncontinue their operations with NSF funds that are already obligated, but that\ngrants will not be disbursed or obligated during the funding hiatus.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile a\nprolonged shutdown could have the potential to increasingly affect our ability\nto execute our mission, Georgia Tech\u2019s Office of Community and Government\nRelations will continue to monitor the situation. Any changes or concerns will\nbe posted on the Georgia Tech website.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe possible shutdown\nof the federal government on Saturday is likely to have minimal impact on\nGeorgia Tech, and the campus will be open for business on Monday.\n\nLike other\nindividuals and institutions, Georgia Tech students, faculty, staff and\ndepartments may encounter delays in federal services. \u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The possible shutdown of the federal government on Saturday is likely to have minimal impact on Georgia Tech, and the campus will be open for business on Monday."}],"uid":"27281","created_gmt":"2011-04-08 16:08:11","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:34","author":"Lisa Grovenstein","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-04-08T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-04-08T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.osp.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Office of Sponsored Programs"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"}],"keywords":[{"id":"469","name":"federal government"},{"id":"169350","name":"shutdown"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELisa Grovenstein, 404-894-8835\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lisa.grovenstein@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65520":{"#nid":"65520","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Study Provides New Means for Classifying E. Coli Bacteria \u0026 Testing for Fecal Contamination","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe meaning of the standard fecal coliform test used to monitor water quality has been called into question by a new study that identified sources of \u003Cem\u003EEscherichia coli\u003C\/em\u003E bacteria that might not indicate an environmental hazard. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFecal pollution of surface waters is measured by the concentration of \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E bacteria in the water because \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E is believed to live only in the intestines and waste of humans and other warm-blooded animals, and quickly dies outside its host. The presence of \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E in water also serves as a marker for other potentially more harmful organisms that may accompany it. Positive \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E tests may lead to the summertime closing of beaches and other recreational bodies of water.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn this new study, researchers report identifying and sequencing the genomes of nine strains of \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E that have adapted to living in the environment independent of warm-blooded hosts. These strains are indistinguishable from typical \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E based on traditional tests and yield a positive fecal coliform result though researchers say they may not represent a true environmental hazard.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The basis for \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E\u2019s widespread use as a fecal pollution indicator is the traditional thinking that \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E cannot survive for extended periods outside a host or waste, but this study indicates that\u0027s not true,\u0022 said Kostas Konstantinidis, an assistant professor in the Georgia Tech School of Civil and Environmental Engineering. \u0022These results suggest the need to develop a new culture-independent, genome-based coliform test so that the non-hazardous environmental types of \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E are not counted as fecal contamination.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA paper describing the research was published April 11 in the early edition of the journal \u003Cem\u003EProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences\u003C\/em\u003E. The work was sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKonstantinidis and Georgia Tech School of Biology graduate student Chengwei Luo compared the genomes of 25 different strains of \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E and close relatives, which were sequenced by the Center for Microbial Ecology at Michigan State University, the Broad Institute in Massachusetts, or were publicly available in the National Center for Biotechnology Information database. Nine strains that were recovered primarily from environmental sources encoded all genes required for classification as \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The orders-of-magnitude higher abundances of the group of organisms represented by these nine strains in environmental samples relative to those in human feces and the clinic indicate that they represent truly environmentally adapted organisms that are not associated primarily with mammal hosts,\u0022 explained Konstantinidis, who also holds a joint appointment in the Georgia Tech School of Biology.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy comparing the full genomes of the samples, the Georgia Tech researchers identified 84 genes specific to or highly enriched in the genomes of the environmental \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E and 120 genes specific to the strains commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of healthy humans, which are called commensal \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E. They also detected recent genetic exchange of core genes within the environmental \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E and within the commensal strains, but not from commensal genomes to their environmental counterparts.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe environment-specific bacteria included genes important for resource acquisition and survival in the environment, such as the genes required to utilize energy sources and to break down dead cellular material. In contrast, the gastrointestinal \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E included several genes involved in the transport and use of nutrients thought to be abundant in the gut.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The genomic data suggest that the environmental \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E are better at surviving in the external environment, but are less effective competitors in the gastrointestinal tract than commensal E. coli, which tells us that the environmental bacteria are highly unlikely to represent a risk to public health,\u0022 explained Konstantinidis.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECollectively, this data also indicates that the environmental \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E strains represent a distinct species from their commensal \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E counterparts even though they are identified as \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E based on the standard taxonomic methods. This work is consistent with a more stringent and ecologic definition for bacterial species than the current definition and suggests ways to start replacing traditional, culture-based approaches for defining diagnostic phenotypes of new species with genomic-based procedures.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe scientific, medical, regulatory and legal communities expect species to reasonably reflect the traits and habitat of an organism -- especially an organism like \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E that has ramifications for diagnostic microbiology and for assessing fecal pollution of natural ecosystems. Efforts toward a more refined definition of this bacterial species are needed, according to Konstantinidis.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis study\u0027s findings provide a way to start redefining \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E species and testing for fecal contamination with procedures based on genomics and ecology.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We are now working to develop a molecular assay that uses the gastrointestinal-specific genes as robust biomarkers to count commensal \u003Cem\u003EE. coli\u003C\/em\u003E cells in environmental samples more accurately than current methods,\u0022 added Konstantinidis.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis project is supported by a National Science Foundation (NSF) award to Georgia Tech and Michigan State University (Award No. DEB0516252) and a National Institutes of Health (NIH\/NIAID) award to the Broad Institute (Award No. HHSN2722009000018C). The content is solely the responsibility of the principal investigators and does not necessarily represent the official views of NSF or NIH.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe meaning of the standard fecal coliform test used to monitor water quality has been called into question by a new study that identified sources of Escherichia coli bacteria that might not indicate an environmental hazard.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The meaning of standard fecal coliform test is called into question."}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-04-11 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:34","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-04-11T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-04-11T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"65521":{"id":"65521","type":"image","title":"Kostas Konstantinidis \u0026 Chengwei Luo","body":null,"created":"1449176863","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:07:43","changed":"1475894579","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:59","alt":"Kostas Konstantinidis \u0026 Chengwei Luo","file":{"fid":"192266","name":"tpq51670.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tpq51670_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tpq51670_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1726161,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tpq51670_0.jpg?itok=dekNP5qZ"}},"65522":{"id":"65522","type":"image","title":"Konstantinidis \u0026 Luo","body":null,"created":"1449176863","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:07:43","changed":"1475894579","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:59","alt":"Konstantinidis \u0026 Luo","file":{"fid":"192267","name":"tys51670.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tys51670_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tys51670_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1404480,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tys51670_0.jpg?itok=pwrGggmn"}},"65523":{"id":"65523","type":"image","title":"Konstantinidis \u0026 Luo","body":null,"created":"1449176863","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:07:43","changed":"1475894579","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:59","alt":"Konstantinidis \u0026 Luo","file":{"fid":"192268","name":"ttn51670.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ttn51670_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ttn51670_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1829367,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ttn51670_0.jpg?itok=-0ZoSHPw"}}},"media_ids":["65521","65522","65523"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ce.gatech.edu\/people\/faculty\/711\/overview","title":"Kostas Konstantinidis"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ce.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.biology.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Biology"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"12762","name":"Commensal Bacteria"},{"id":"12760","name":"E. Coli"},{"id":"12761","name":"E. Coli Bacteria"},{"id":"12765","name":"environmental bacteria"},{"id":"12766","name":"environmental e. coli"},{"id":"12759","name":"Escherichia Coli"},{"id":"12763","name":"fecal coliform test"},{"id":"12764","name":"fecal pollution"},{"id":"12767","name":"Genome Sequencing"},{"id":"12758","name":"Kostas Konstantinidis"},{"id":"167864","name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering"},{"id":"12768","name":"Taxonomy"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65592":{"#nid":"65592","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Provost Visits GT-Savannah to Address Questions and Concerns Regarding Review Process","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003EGeorgia\nTech-Savannah students, faculty and staff had the opportunity to meet with Georgia\nTech Provost Rafael Bras and members of the Georgia Tech-Savannah Task Force on\nApril 12 and 13. The purpose of the visit was to provide a forum for the\nGT-Savannah community to ask questions and share comments regarding the ongoing\nreview by the Task Force and for the provost to clarify proposals under\nconsideration.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EIn response\nto questions regarding the purpose and timing of the review, Bras said that the\nadoption of the Institute\u2019s strategic plan was a key consideration along with a\nvariety of other factors including challenging economic conditions, challenging\ndemographics and needs of the community and the evolving higher education\nlandscape.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cDuring my\nvisit last September, I promised to provide guidance regarding the future of\nGeorgia Tech-Savannah by the end of the academic year,\u201d said Bras. \u201cOur goal is\nto complete the report by June 1.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EOnce the\nreport is complete, it will be presented to Georgia Tech President G.P. \u201cBud\u201d\nPeterson for consideration. Any academic program changes may require review by the\nBoard of Regents. After Task Force recommendations are adopted, a transition\nplan will be developed.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile\nstudents expressed concerns about the future of the undergraduate program, Bras\nassured them that it would be business as usual for the coming fall semester.\n\u201cAny changes that are adopted will be gradually implemented with our students\nin mind,\u201d he said. \u201cOur goal is for our students to succeed no matter what\nrecommendations are adopted.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EUpdates from\nthe Task Force and other information about the ongoing review will be posted on\nthe Georgia Tech-Savannah website.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia\nTech-Savannah students, faculty and staff had the opportunity to meet with Georgia\nTech Provost Rafael Bras and members of the Georgia Tech-Savannah Task Force on\nApril 12 and 13. The purpose of the visit was to provide a forum for the\nGT-Savannah community to ask questions and share comments regarding the ongoing\nreview by the Task Force and for the provost to clarify proposals under\nconsideration.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech-Savannah students, faculty and staff had the opportunity to meet with Georgia Tech Provost Rafael Bras and members of the Georgia Tech-Savannah Task Force on April 12 and 13."}],"uid":"27281","created_gmt":"2011-04-15 11:49:26","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:34","author":"Lisa Grovenstein","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-04-15T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-04-15T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"65593":{"id":"65593","type":"image","title":"Provost Visits GT-Savannah","body":null,"created":"1449176863","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:07:43","changed":"1475894579","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:59","alt":"Provost Visits GT-Savannah","file":{"fid":"192281","name":"Provost_GTS_Visit.JPG","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Provost_GTS_Visit_0.JPG","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Provost_GTS_Visit_0.JPG","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":4917476,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Provost_GTS_Visit_0.JPG?itok=siBQlqub"}}},"media_ids":["65593"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/savannah.gatech.edu\/task-force-update","title":"Task Force Updates"},{"url":"http:\/\/savannah.gatech.edu\/task-force-update\/contact.","title":"Comments and Questions"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"}],"keywords":[{"id":"12815","name":"Bras"},{"id":"7046","name":"Georgia Tech-Savannah"},{"id":"12814","name":"GT-Savannah"},{"id":"937","name":"provost"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELisa Grovenstein, 404-894-8835\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lisa.grovenstein@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65256":{"#nid":"65256","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Aerospace Engineering Hosts Symposium to Celebrate NASA Space Shuttle Program","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ERegistration is now open for NASA\u0027s Space Shuttle symposium, which will be held June 6-8 on campus and hosted\u0026nbsp;by\u0026nbsp;the Georgia Tech School of Aerospace\nEngineering.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe symposium is\u0026nbsp;dedicated to honoring and celebrating\nthe contributions of men and women from the U.S. and around the world who\ndedicated their careers to the success of space missions in the Shuttle Era.\nThe Space Shuttle program has spanned three decades of operation and its\nstoried saga is coming to an end with STS Mission 135 scheduled in June 2011.\nThe technical advances made possible by the program have touched everyone on\nthis planet, and opened our eyes both to the wonders of the planet we all share\nand to the mysteries of the deep space beyond. As this time of remarkable\naccomplishments draws to a close, it is important that we pause to honor those\nwho contributed to its design, operation, and success, and reflect on the\nlessons from this complex system, a true turning point in mankind\u2019s voyage into\nspace.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThis symposium will bring together an international group of\nscientists, technologists, engineers, mission designers, policy makers and\nstudents with an interest in learning from the significant contributions of the\nshuttle era and in exchanging ideas to promote future collaboration and\ncontinued leadership in space science and engineering. The symposium scope\nincludes topics of the Shuttle Era-its history, technical and scientific\nachievements, the orbiter, propulsion, structures and thermal protection,\nsystem and mission flight operations, ground operations, current and future\nvehicle concepts and designs, astronaut safety provisions and two panel\ndiscussions focusing on \u201clessons learned\u201d and international collaboration.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ERegistration for the symposium is officially open\u0026nbsp;and\nparticipation in this unparalleled look at the space shuttle is strongly\nencouraged. Those who attend will assuredly\u0026nbsp;garner a\nfond\u0026nbsp;appreciation for NASA\u0027s advances over the years and will walk away\nwith a\u0026nbsp;strong knowledge of\u0026nbsp;the history and milestones reached during\nthe Shuttle Era.\u0026nbsp; Don\u0027t miss this opportunity to be part of a\ngroundbreaking and\u0026nbsp;historic event.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ERegistration is now open for NASA\u0027s Space Shuttle symposium June 6-8 at Georgia Tech.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":"","uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-03-30 15:34:24","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:30","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-03-30T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-03-30T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.regonline.com\/builder\/site\/default.aspx?EventID=923094","title":"NASA \u0026 Georgia Tech Space Shuttle Symposium"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65278":{"#nid":"65278","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Japan Outreach and Impact","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAlthough\nother global events may now be taking center stage in the media, Japan remains\na country in crisis. The Georgia Institute of Technology continues to respond\nto the disaster on a number of fronts.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EOutreach by Georgia Tech Students\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThrough the\nStudent Government Association\u2019s Tech Cares for Japan initiative, credit card\nor BuzzCard donations can now be made at the following link: \u003Ca href=\u0022https:\/\/epay.gatech.edu\/C20793_ustores\/web\/store_main.jsp?STOREID=126\u0022\u003Ehttps:\/\/epay.gatech.edu\/C20793_ustores\/web\/store_main.jsp?STOREID=126\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EFunds collected\nthrough this link and other efforts will be consolidated into a single check\nand presented to the American Red Cross on behalf of Georgia Tech students.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ETech Cares\nfor Japan has also kicked off a \u201c1,000 cranes\u201d fundraising effort. Volunteers\nwill staff a table near Einstein Bros. Bagels through April 5 and collect a\nminimum $1 donation for each crane that is created. Plans are to display the\nfolded cranes in the Student Center.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECrisis and Recovery Insight\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nOn Wednesday, April 6, Georgia Tech experts will participate in a faculty-led\nconversation to discuss the causes, response \u0026nbsp;and consequences of the catastrophe in Japan.\nThe event will be held in room 236 of the Global Learning Center from 4 to 5:30\np.m.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\ndiscussion will be moderated by Brian Woodall, Sam Nunn School of International\nAffairs, and questions from the audience are welcomed. The panel members are:\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; * Pinar Keskinocak, H. Milton Stewart\nSchool of Industrial and Systems Engineering\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; * Usha C. Nair-Reichert, School of\nEconomics\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; * Glenn Rix, School of Civil and\nEnvironmental Engineering \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp; * Glenn Sjoden, George W. Woodruff School\nof Mechanical Engineering \u003Cbr \/\u003E\nHonored guests for the event include representatives of the Consulate-General\nof Japan in Atlanta. Guests will have the opportunity to sign a book of\ncondolence and encouragement for the Japanese people, and a number of\norganizations will be present for those who want to become more actively\nengaged in recovery efforts.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EInternational Programs\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EAll\ninternational work and study abroad programs destined for Japan have been\ncanceled due to ongoing disaster conditions in the country and based on the\ntravel warning issued by the U.S. Department of State. This decision impacts\nnot only students who planned to participate in programs this spring, but also a\ntotal of 22 students who were scheduled to participate in summer work and study\nabroad programs. \u003Cem\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E Georgia Tech is working with students whose programs are canceled to \ntry to minimize the negative consequences for the students.\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech\nis also reaching out to students in Japan. The Institute is finalizing\nlogistics to host two or three graduate students from Tohoku University in one\nof Tech\u2019s research centers as well as exploring other ways that students might\nbe accommodated.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Georgia Tech\u0027s Crisis Response Continues"}],"field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech continues to respond to the disaster on a number"}],"uid":"27281","created_gmt":"2011-03-31 11:51:22","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:30","author":"Lisa Grovenstein","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-03-31T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-03-31T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"65280":{"id":"65280","type":"image","title":"Japan","body":null,"created":"1449176831","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:07:11","changed":"1475894577","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:57","alt":"Japan","file":{"fid":"192212","name":"Japan_Map.JPG","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Japan_Map_0.JPG","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Japan_Map_0.JPG","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":69723,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Japan_Map_0.JPG?itok=9TguVmTx"}}},"media_ids":["65280"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/japan\/georgia-tech-forum","title":"Focus on Japan"},{"url":"https:\/\/epay.gatech.edu\/C20793_ustores\/web\/store_main.jsp?STOREID=126","title":"Tech Cares for Japan Donations"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"}],"keywords":[{"id":"3939","name":"disaster"},{"id":"1802","name":"international"},{"id":"751","name":"Japan"},{"id":"166843","name":"Study Abroad"},{"id":"12595","name":"Tech Cares"},{"id":"1013","name":"work abroad"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELisa Grovenstein, 404-894-8835\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lisa.grovenstein@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65318":{"#nid":"65318","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Society of Black Engineers Wins Chapter of the Year","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ECongratulations to the Georgia Tech Society of Black Engineers who received the National Distinguished Chapter of the Year award at the 37th annual National Convention in St. Louis, Mo. This is the first time since 1999 the chapter has received this honor.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAdditionally, Georgia Tech undergraduate and Georgia Tech Society of Black Engineers member Jacob Tzegeagbe won the Mike Shinn Distinguished Member of the Year award.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe organization also took home several awards from the southeast region including Treasurer and Programs Chair of the Year, TORCH Creative Program of the Year and Regional\u0026nbsp;Distinguished\u0026nbsp;Chapter of the Year.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThese awards and accolades are a direct reflection of our program planning as well as the tremendous support of the Tech community,\u201d said Terence Johnson, president of the Georgia Tech chapter of the National Society of Black Engineers.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe mission of the National Society of Black Engineers is to increase the number of culturally responsible Black engineers who excel academically, succeed professionally and positively impact the community.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech chapter wins several awards at the\u0026nbsp;37th annual National Convention in St. Louis, Mo.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech Society of Black Engineers honored as the National Distinguished Chapter of the Year."}],"uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-04-01 14:13:16","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:30","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-04-01T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-04-01T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65346":{"#nid":"65346","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Hosts U.S. National Combustion Institute","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech\u0027s School of Aerospace Engineering hosted the seventh U.S. National Combustion Meeting on campus on\u0026nbsp;March 20-23. Organized by Professor Jerry Seitzman and Glenda Duncan, the conference serves as a major venue for energy, propulsion, environment and energetics research.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EApproximately 500 delegates from across the globe attended this bi-annual meeting that was kicked off by Executive Vice President for Research Steve Cross with the address, \u0022What Does Tech Think?\u0022\u0026nbsp; The institute also included invited presentations on the future of clean energy and propulsion as it relates to power generation, automotive and aircraft applications as well as a poster session, exhibits and presentations from leading combustion experts.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech has significant research activities in clean combustion and propulsion.\u0026nbsp; This includes a major research facility in the Ben T. Zinn Combustion Laboratory located on the North Avenue Research Area of campus that is shared by seven academic faculty members and more than 100 students. Work is also carried out by other faculty across the campus including Aerospace Engineering, Mechanical\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Engineering, Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Earth and Atmospheric\u0026nbsp;Sciences.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe School of Aerospace Engineering hosted the seventh U.S. National Combustion Meeting on campus on\u0026nbsp;March 20-23.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":"","uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-04-04 11:56:55","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:30","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-04-04T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-04-04T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ae.gatech.edu\/","title":"Daniel Guggenheim School of Aerospace Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/soliton.ae.gatech.edu\/labs\/comblab5\/","title":"Ben T. Zinn Combustion Laboratory"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65439":{"#nid":"65439","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Seth Marder Wins Arthur C. Cope Scholar Award","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThis year, the American Chemical Society (ACS) honored Seth\nMarder, professor in the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Georgia Tech\nand Georgia Power Chair of Energy Efficiency, with its Arthur C. Cope Scholar\nAward. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EMarder was granted the honor for his \u201cseminal contributions to the\ntheory-inspired design, synthesis, characterization and application of organic\nsecond- and third-order nonlinear optical, photorefractive and electronic\nmaterials,\u201d according to materials provided by the ACS.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EMarder is known for his work in developing materials for nonlinear\noptics as well as organic electronics and photonics. He joined Georgia Tech in\n2003 and is the founding director of the Center for Organic Photonics and\nElectronics. \u0026nbsp;Before that he was at the\nUniversity of Arizona, the California Institute of Technology and the Jet\nPropulsion Laboratory.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 2009, Marder received Georgia Tech\u2019s Outstanding Award\nfor Research Program Development and was named a fellow of the American\nPhysical Society. He is also a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry, SPIE,\nthe Optical Society of America and the American Association for the Advancement\nof Science. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EMarder has co-authored more than 300 peer-reviewed research\npapers and holds 18 patents. He is co-founder of Arizona Microsystems, LLC;\nFocal Point, LLC; and LumoFlex, LLC. \u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EProfessor of Chemistry and Biochemistry receives honors from the American Chemical Society.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry receives honors from the American Chemical Society."}],"uid":"27310","created_gmt":"2011-04-07 12:19:20","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:30","author":"David Terraso","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-04-07T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-04-07T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"65431":{"id":"65431","type":"image","title":"Seth Marder","body":null,"created":"1449176831","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:07:11","changed":"1475894579","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:59","alt":"Seth Marder","file":{"fid":"193219","name":"09C4202-P1-006.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/09C4202-P1-006.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/09C4202-P1-006.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1513656,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/09C4202-P1-006.jpg?itok=TZAUxfuW"}}},"media_ids":["65431"],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"141","name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering"},{"id":"134","name":"Student and Faculty"}],"keywords":[{"id":"743","name":"acs"},{"id":"5477","name":"American Chemical Society"},{"id":"918","name":"COPE"},{"id":"167678","name":"Seth Marder"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["david.terraso@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65044":{"#nid":"65044","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Technique Produces Graphene Nanoribbons with Metallic Properties","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA new \u0022templated growth\u0022 technique for fabricating nanoribbons of epitaxial graphene has produced structures just 15 to 40 nanometers wide that conduct current with almost no resistance.  These structures could address the challenge of connecting graphene devices made with conventional architectures -- and set the stage for a new generation of devices that take advantage of the quantum properties of electrons.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We can now make very narrow, conductive nanoribbons that have quantum ballistic properties,\u0022 said Walt de Heer, a professor in the School of Physics at the Georgia Institute of Technology.  \u0022These narrow ribbons become almost like a perfect metal.  Electrons can move through them without scattering, just like they do in carbon nanotubes.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDe Heer discussed recent results of this graphene growth process March 21st at the American Physical Society\u2019s March 2011 Meeting in Dallas.  The research was sponsored by the National Science Foundation-supported Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFirst reported Oct. 3 in the advance online edition of the journal \u003Cem\u003ENature Nanotechnology\u003C\/em\u003E, the new fabrication technique allows production of epitaxial graphene structures with smooth edges.  Earlier fabrication techniques that used electron beams to cut graphene sheets produced nanoribbon structures with rough edges that scattered electrons, causing interference.  The resulting nanoribbons had properties more like insulators than conductors.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022In our templated growth approach, we have essentially eliminated the edges that take away from the desirable properties of graphene,\u0022 de Heer explained.  \u0022The edges of the epitaxial graphene merge into the silicon carbide, producing properties that are really quite interesting.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe templated growth technique begins with etching patterns into the silicon carbide surfaces on which epitaxial graphene is grown.  The patterns serve as templates directing the growth of graphene structures, allowing the formation of nanoribbons and other structures of specific widths and shapes without the use of cutting techniques that produce the rough edges.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn creating these graphene nanostructures, de Heer and his research team first use conventional microelectronics techniques to etch tiny \u0022steps\u0022  -- or contours -- into a silicon carbide wafer whose surface has been made extremely flat.  They then heat the contoured wafer to approximately 1,500 degrees Celsius, which initiates melting that polishes any rough edges left by the etching process.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEstablished techniques are then used for growing graphene from silicon carbide by driving the silicon atoms from the surface.  Instead of producing a consistent layer of graphene across the entire surface of the wafer, however, the researchers limit the heating time so that graphene grows only on portions of the contours.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe width of the resulting nanoribbons is proportional to the depth of the contours, providing a mechanism for precisely controlling the nanoribbon structures.  To form complex structures, multiple etching steps can be carried out to create complex templates.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This technique allows us to avoid the complicated e-beam lithography steps that people have been using to create structures in epitaxial graphene,\u0022 de Heer noted.  \u0022We are seeing very good properties that show these structures can be used for real electronic applications.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESince publication of the \u003Cem\u003ENature Nanotechnology\u003C\/em\u003E paper, de Heer\u0027s team has been refining its technique.  \u0022We have taken this to an extreme -- the cleanest and narrowest ribbons we can make,\u0022 he said.  \u0022We expect to be able to do everything we need with the size ribbons that we are able to make right now, though we probably could reduce the width to 10 nanometers or less.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile the Georgia Tech team is continuing to develop high-frequency transistors -- perhaps even at the terahertz range -- its primary effort now focuses on developing quantum devices, de Heer said.  Such devices were envisioned in the patents Georgia Tech holds on various epitaxial graphene processes.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This means that the way we will be doing graphene electronics will be different,\u0022 he explained.  \u0022We will not be following the model of using standard field-effect transistors (FETs), but will pursue devices that use ballistic conductors and quantum interference. We are headed straight into using the electron wave effects in graphene.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETaking advantage of the wave properties will allow electrons to be manipulated with techniques similar to those used by optical engineers.  For instance, switching may be carried out using interference effects -- separating beams of electrons and then recombining them in opposite phases to extinguish the signals.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EQuantum devices would be smaller than conventional transistors and operate at lower power.  Because of its ability to transport electrons with virtually no resistance, epitaxial graphene may be the ideal material for such devices, de Heer said.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Using the quantum properties of electrons rather than the standard charged-particle properties means opening up new ways of looking at electronics,\u0022 he predicted.  \u0022This is probably the way that electronics will evolve, and it appears that graphene is the ideal material for making this transition.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDe Heer\u0027s research team hopes to demonstrate a rudimentary switch operating on the quantum interference principle within a year.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEpitaxial graphene may be the basis for a new generation of high-performance devices that will take advantage of the material\u0027s unique properties in applications where higher costs can be justified.  Silicon, today\u0027s electronic material of choice, will continue to be used in applications where high-performance is not required, de Heer said.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This is an important step in the process,\u0022 he added.  \u0022There are going to be a lot of surprises as we move into these quantum devices and find out how they work.  We have good reason to believe that this can be the basis for a new generation of transistors based on quantum interference.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia 30308 USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Robinson (404-385-3364)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA new \u0022templated growth\u0022 technique for fabricating nanoribbons of epitaxial graphene has produced structures just 15 to 40 nanometers wide that conduct current with almost no resistance.  These structures could address the challenge of connecting graphene devices.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers have made graphene nanoribbons with metallic properties."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-03-21 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:26","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-03-21T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-03-21T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"65045":{"id":"65045","type":"image","title":"Growing epitaxial graphene","body":null,"created":"1449176783","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:23","changed":"1475894574","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:54","alt":"Growing epitaxial graphene","file":{"fid":"192147","name":"tis35461.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tis35461_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tis35461_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1731501,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tis35461_0.jpg?itok=Q2grkYwo"}},"65046":{"id":"65046","type":"image","title":"Prof. Walt de Heer","body":null,"created":"1449176783","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:23","changed":"1475894574","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:54","alt":"Prof. Walt de Heer","file":{"fid":"192148","name":"toh35777.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/toh35777_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/toh35777_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1603740,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/toh35777_0.jpg?itok=GCENVzgL"}},"65047":{"id":"65047","type":"image","title":"Growing expitaxial graphene","body":null,"created":"1449176783","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:23","changed":"1475894574","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:54","alt":"Growing expitaxial graphene","file":{"fid":"192149","name":"tfu35461.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tfu35461_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tfu35461_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":65166,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tfu35461_0.jpg?itok=4hcNTgqa"}}},"media_ids":["65045","65046","65047"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.physics.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech School of Physics"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.mrsec.gatech.edu\/","title":"Materials Research Science and Engineering Center"},{"url":"https:\/\/www.physics.gatech.edu\/user\/walter-de-heer","title":"Walt de Heer"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"141","name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"10890","name":"conductor"},{"id":"9116","name":"epitaxial graphene"},{"id":"429","name":"graphene"},{"id":"12423","name":"nanoribbons"},{"id":"4827","name":"resistance"},{"id":"12422","name":"Walt de Heer"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65119":{"#nid":"65119","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Bird Embryo Provides Unique Insights into Developmental Phenomena","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAvian embryos could join the list of model organisms used to study a specific type of cell migration called epiboly, thanks to the results of a study published this month in the journal \u003Cem\u003EDevelopmental Dynamics\u003C\/em\u003E. The new study provides insights into the mechanisms of epiboly, a developmental process involving mass movement of cells as a sheet, which is linked with medical conditions that include wound healing and cancer.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe study, published online on March 15, explains how epithelial cells expand as a sheet and migrate to engulf the entire avian egg yolk as it grows. It also reveals the presence of certain molecules during this process that have not been previously reported in other major developmental models, including Xenopus frogs and zebrafish.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022These molecules and mechanisms of early development in the avian embryo may demonstrate evolutionary differences across species in the collective movement of epithelial cells and motivate additional studies of avian embryo development,\u0022 said Evan Zamir, an assistant professor in the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering at Georgia Tech.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMatt Futterman, who worked on the project as a graduate student at Georgia Tech, and mechanical engineering professor Andr\u00e9s Garc\u00eda also contributed to this study. The research was funded by Zamir\u0027s new faculty support from Georgia Tech and by a grant to Garc\u00eda from the National Institutes of Health.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the study, the researchers conducted immunofluorescence and high-resolution confocal microscopy experiments to examine the spatial distribution and expression of five proteins -- vimentin, cytokeratin, \u03b2-catenin, E-cadherin and laminin -- as cells moved to wrap the yolk sac of quail embryos during development.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe results showed that during this process, four of the proteins -- vimentin, cytokeratin, \u03b2-catenin and E-cadherin -- appeared in the cells located at the free edge of the migrating cell sheet. Finding dense interconnected networks of both vimentin and cytokeratin in the edge cells surprised the researchers.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Since cytokeratin is generally associated with the epithelial phenotype and vimentin is generally associated with the mesenchymal phenotype, it\u0027s rare to see them expressed in the same cells, but this does occur in metastasizing tumor cells,\u0022 said Zamir.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECells expressing the mesenchymal phenotype are typically found in connective tissues -- such as bone, cartilage, and the lymphatic and circulatory systems -- whereas cells of the epithelial phenotype are found in cavities and glands and on surfaces throughout the body.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis finding provides evidence that epithelial cells normally attached to a membrane surface underwent biochemical changes that enabled them to assume a mesenchymal cell phenotype, which enhanced their migratory capacity. This process, called partial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, has many similarities to the initiation of tumor cell metastasis and wound healing.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESince this epithelial and mesenchymal expression pattern in the edge cells has not previously been reported in Xenopus or zebrafish, it may be unique to the avian embryo. This discovery would make the avian embryo a valuable model for studying tumor cell migration and wound healing.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to detailing protein expression in the quail embryo during development, the researchers also determined the origin of the new cells required at the migrating edge to cover the growing yolk. During development, the radius of the quail yolk doubles every day for the first few days, representing a hundreds-fold increase in the egg yolk surface area. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022For each individual cell that has to cover the egg yolk as it grows, the migration around the yolk is extraordinary, because it\u0027s such a large territory -- it would be like an ant walking across the earth,\u0022 explained Zamir.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELooking more closely at the edge cells, the researchers found strong evidence that expansion of the edge cell population was due exclusively to cells relocating from an interior region to the edge as the embryo expanded. The cells located at the free edge generated the bulk of the traction force necessary for expansion and towed the cells within the interior of the epithelium.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022These experiments confirm that edge cell proliferation is not the primary mechanism for expansion of the edge cell population,\u0022 noted Zamir. \u0022And our observation of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in the edge cells explains how these epithelial cells might be changing phenotype to become migratory in this rapidly expanding sheet.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo determine if this study\u0027s findings are indeed unique to the avian embryo, Zamir plans to conduct further studies to characterize protein expression and cell migration in Xenopus and zebrafish.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Study Investigates Process Involved in Cancer and Wound Healing"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAvian embryos could become model organisms used to study a specific type of cell migration called epiboly, a developmental process involving mass movement of cells as a sheet that is linked with medical conditions that include wound healing and cancer.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Bird embryos provide insights into cancer and wound healing."}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-03-23 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:26","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-03-23T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-03-23T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"65120":{"id":"65120","type":"image","title":"Quail eggs","body":null,"created":"1449176801","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:41","changed":"1475894574","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:54","alt":"Quail eggs","file":{"fid":"192170","name":"trq14296.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/trq14296_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/trq14296_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":36918,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/trq14296_0.jpg?itok=5yg6dnbv"}},"65121":{"id":"65121","type":"image","title":"vimentin expression","body":null,"created":"1449176801","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:41","changed":"1475894574","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:54","alt":"vimentin expression","file":{"fid":"192171","name":"ttm10064.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ttm10064_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/ttm10064_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":412574,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/ttm10064_0.jpg?itok=wGHoaqqb"}},"65122":{"id":"65122","type":"image","title":"BrDU cell proliferation","body":null,"created":"1449176801","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:41","changed":"1475894574","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:54","alt":"BrDU cell proliferation","file":{"fid":"192172","name":"tqj10240.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tqj10240_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tqj10240_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":811391,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tqj10240_0.jpg?itok=V0B1dG8e"}}},"media_ids":["65120","65121","65122"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1002\/dvdy.22607","title":"Developmental Dynamics paper"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.me.gatech.edu\/faculty\/zamir.shtml","title":"Evan Zamir"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.me.gatech.edu\/faculty\/garcia.shtml","title":"Andres Garcia"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.me.gatech.edu\/","title":"George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"140","name":"Cancer Research"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"539","name":"Andres Garcia"},{"id":"4619","name":"avian"},{"id":"12460","name":"avian embryo"},{"id":"12467","name":"b-catenin"},{"id":"385","name":"cancer"},{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"12466","name":"cytokeratin"},{"id":"351","name":"development"},{"id":"12471","name":"Developmental Biology"},{"id":"12468","name":"e-cadherin"},{"id":"9228","name":"embryo"},{"id":"12472","name":"Embryo Development"},{"id":"12464","name":"epiboly"},{"id":"12459","name":"Evan Zamir"},{"id":"12469","name":"Laminin"},{"id":"10364","name":"Metastasis"},{"id":"12461","name":"Quail"},{"id":"12462","name":"quail embryo"},{"id":"167377","name":"School of Mechanical Engineering"},{"id":"12470","name":"tumor cell migration"},{"id":"12465","name":"vimentin"},{"id":"12463","name":"Wound Healing"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65202":{"#nid":"65202","#data":{"type":"news","title":"First Kolon Term Professor in School of Materials Science and Engineering Named","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EDon P. Giddens, dean of the College of Engineering at\nGeorgia Tech, has announced the appointment of Sundaresan Jayaraman as the\nKolon Term Professor. This new professorship in Georgia Tech\u2019s School of Materials\nScience and Engineering was established thanks to a gift from Kolon, a leader\nin the Korean chemical fiber manufacturing industry.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EJayaraman was unanimously voted in by the selection\ncommittee and will hold the position for a term of four years. \u0026nbsp;Jayaraman holds a joint appointment between\nthe School of Materials Science and Engineering and the College of Management\nand is actively engaged in cutting edge research in smart textiles for\nhealthcare.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u201cWe are very excited about this new partnership\nbetween the School of Materials Science and Engineering and Kolon,\u201d Dean\nGiddens said.\u0026nbsp; \u201cThe investment by Kolon\nin Dr. Jayaraman\u2019s work demonstrates the importance of academic research to\ninnovation in industry.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EJayaraman and his research group\nhave made significant contributions in the area of high-tech textiles,\nincluding the realization of the world\u0027s first Wearable Motherboard\u2122, also\nknown as the \u201cSmart Shirt.\u201d It is currently in the Archives of the Smithsonian\u2019s\nNational Museum of American History in\nWashington, D.C.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EJayaraman\u2019s current research interests\ninclude engineering design and analysis of intelligent fibrous structures and\nprocesses, information technology and healthcare including wearable biomedical\nsystems, and the role of technology in public policy.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EKolon was founded as the first Korean chemical fiber manufacturing\ncompany in 1957 and since 1980 has diversified into key national\nindustries such as petrochemicals, construction and electronic materials. In 2000, Kolon\ndecided that water, bio and energy would be the future growth engines and has\nfocused on developing related technologies and businesses. \u0026nbsp;As a pioneer of the synthetic fiber industry in the 20\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\ncentury, Kolon Glotech, a member of the Kolon Group, continues its efforts to\nbe at\nthe forefront of technology development in materials and textiles.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u201cWe are proud to establish the Kolon Term Professorship\nat Georgia Tech\u2019s School of Materials Science and Engineering and could not be\nhappier with the appointment of Dr. Jayaraman as the first holder of the\nposition,\u201d said Dong Moon Park, CEO of Kolon Glotech.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe School of Materials Science and\nEngineering at Georgia Tech is one of the strongest in the world with 55 thesis\nsponsoring faculty. \u0026nbsp;Its undergraduate\nand graduate programs are routinely ranked among the nation\u2019s leading programs\nby U.S. News and World Report. The School offers degrees in Materials Science\nand Engineering at the bachelor\u0027s, master\u0027s and Ph.D. levels and its faculty\nscholars attract more than $26 million in annual research funding each year and\nlead 14 major interdisciplinary research centers, including centers devoted to\nNanotechnology, Bioengineering, Molecular Design, Electronic Packaging and\nPhotonics.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp align=\u0022center\u0022\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EDon\nP. Giddens, dean of the College of Engineering at Georgia Tech, has announced\nthe appointment of Sundaresan Jayaraman as the Kolon Term Professor. This new\nprofessorship in Georgia Tech\u2019s School of Materials Science and Engineering was\nestablished thanks to a gift from Kolon, a leader in the Korean chemical fiber\nmanufacturing industry.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech faculty Sundaresan Jayaraman named the first Kolon Term Professor."}],"uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-03-28 16:01:17","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:26","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-03-28T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-03-28T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"65201":{"id":"65201","type":"image","title":"Sundaresan Jayarman, Kolon Term Professor","body":null,"created":"1449176801","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:41","changed":"1475894577","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:57","alt":"Sundaresan Jayarman, Kolon Term Professor","file":{"fid":"192189","name":"Kolon_-_Press_Release_photo_0.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Kolon_-_Press_Release_photo_0_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Kolon_-_Press_Release_photo_0_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":822028,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Kolon_-_Press_Release_photo_0_0.jpg?itok=5h0yzniL"}}},"media_ids":["65201"],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"2008","name":"College of Management"},{"id":"12529","name":"Kolon Term Professor"},{"id":"171078","name":"School of Materials Sciences and Engineering"},{"id":"169344","name":"Sundaresan Jayaraman"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64855":{"#nid":"64855","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Imaging System Controls Baking Process to Improve Sandwich Bun Quality","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) may possess the secret to baking perfect buns every time. Its researchers have developed a production-line system that automatically inspects the quality of sandwich buns exiting the oven and adjusts oven temperatures if it detects unacceptable buns. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We have closed the loop between the quality inspection of buns and the oven controls to meet the specifications required by food service and fast food customers,\u0022 said GTRI senior research engineer Douglas Britton. \u0022By creating a more accurate, uniform and faster assessment process, we are able to minimize waste and lost product.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring existing inspection processes, workers remove a sample of buns each hour to inspect their color. Based on this assessment, they manually adjust the oven temperature if the buns appear too light or too dark. But with more than 1,000 buns leaving a bakery production line every minute, there is a great need for automated control to make more rapid corrections to produce buns of consistent color, size, shape and seed coverage. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Automated control over the baking process is necessary to produce a consistent product through batch changes, shift changes, daily and seasonal temperature and humidity changes, and variations in ingredients,\u0022 added Britton.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWorking with baking company Flowers Foods, headquartered in Thomasville, Ga., and Baking Technology Systems (BakeTech), a baking equipment manufacturer in Tucker, Ga., Britton and GTRI research scientist Colin Usher have tested their industrial-quality prototype system. Made of stainless steel, the system is dust and water resistant, and mounts to existing conveyor belts as wide as 50 inches. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe prototype system has been shown at the International Baking Industry Exposition held in Las Vegas. Initial funding for this project was provided by Georgia\u0027s Traditional Industries Program for Food Processing, which is managed through the Food Processing Advisory Council (FoodPAC).\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBritton and Usher tested the system in a Flowers Foods bakery for a year, running it regularly for hour-long intervals. During this testing phase, the system successfully inspected a variety of buns, including seeded buns, unseeded buns, different size buns and different top-bun shapes. For the past year, the system has been in full-operational mode in the bakery. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Without the imaging system, it would be impossible for an operator to respond quickly enough to make the correct changes to the oven to improve the target color of the product,\u0022 said Stephen Smith, BakeTech\u0027s vice president and director of engineering.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs fresh-baked buns move along Flowers\u0027 production line, a digital camera captures an image of them. Items not measuring up in terms of color are identified by imaging software and the color information is automatically sent to the oven controllers, which adjust the oven temperature to correct the issue.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Our system reduces the time between noticing a problem and fixing it,\u0022 Usher explained. \u0022The window for correction is short, though, because an entire batch may only take 12 minutes to bake and the buns stay in the oven for eight minutes, providing a four-minute window to correct the temperature of the batch once the first buns come out so that the rest of the buns in the batch are an acceptable color when they come out of the oven.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe system also automatically records data including shape, seed distribution, size and contamination to generate production reports that are immediately available for statistical process control. Another feature of the system is that the conveyor belt can be any color except the color of the buns. This allows the system to image buns on almost any conveyor belt surface or in pans.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the future, the imaging system could be adapted to control the quality of other bakery products, such as biscuits, cookies, crackers, bread and pies.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986) or Kirk Englehardt (kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu; 404-407-7280)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"Food companies requiring tight control over baking conditions should benefit from a new imaging system that automatically inspects sandwich buns on the production line and adjusts oven temperatures to provide product of consistent quality.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Imaging system inspects the quality of sandwich buns exiting an oven."}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-03-08 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:22","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-03-08T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-03-08T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"64856":{"id":"64856","type":"image","title":"Bun imaging system","body":null,"created":"1449176783","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:23","changed":"1475894571","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:51","alt":"Bun imaging system","file":{"fid":"192114","name":"tpo18569.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tpo18569_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tpo18569_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":339380,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tpo18569_0.jpg?itok=MA_53MhV"}},"64857":{"id":"64857","type":"image","title":"Bun imaging system","body":null,"created":"1449176783","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:23","changed":"1475894571","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:51","alt":"Bun imaging system","file":{"fid":"192115","name":"tpy18569.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tpy18569_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tpy18569_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1474827,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tpy18569_0.jpg?itok=uuF-kvQg"}}},"media_ids":["64856","64857"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"},{"url":"http:\/\/atrp.gatech.edu\/","title":"Agricultural Technology Research Program"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"12321","name":"baking"},{"id":"12330","name":"baking equipment"},{"id":"12324","name":"baking industry"},{"id":"12326","name":"bun"},{"id":"12331","name":"Douglas Britton"},{"id":"12322","name":"food \u0026 beverage"},{"id":"12323","name":"food industry"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"987","name":"imaging"},{"id":"12328","name":"oven"},{"id":"12329","name":"oven control"},{"id":"12327","name":"quality assurance"},{"id":"171075","name":"sandwich bun"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64870":{"#nid":"64870","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Institute Director at Georgia Tech Named Chairperson of NIH Study Section","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ERobert E. Guldberg, director of Georgia Tech\u2019s\nParker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience (IBB), has been\nappointed chairperson of the Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Study Section\nin the Center for Scientific Review \u2013 part of the National Institutes of\nHealth.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGuldberg will serve as chairperson of the study section from\nJuly 1, 2011, to June 30, 2013. The study section will contribute to the\nnational biomedical research effort and assure the quality of the NIH peer\nreview process.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGuldberg\u0027s research interests focus on musculoskeletal\ngrowth and development, functional regeneration following traumatic injury and\ndegenerative diseases, including skeletal fragility and arthritis\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EAccording to Dr. Toni Scarpa, director of the Center for\nScientific Review in NIH\u2019s Department of Health and Human Services, Guldberg\nwas selected for the chair position because of his demonstrated achievement in\nhis scientific discipline, quality of research accomplishments, publications in\nscientific journals and overall judgment and objectivity.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EAt Georgia Tech, Guldberg studies cell-based therapies, bone\nbiomechanics, musculoskeletal injury, joint degeneration, biomaterials and\ndelivery, and micro-CT imaging. His laboratory creates strategies and enables technologies\nfor the functional restoration of damaged or degenerated musculoskeletal\ntissues, with a focus on bone and cartilage.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 1996, Guldberg joined Georgia Tech, serving both in IBB\nand the George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering. He was appointed\ndirector of IBB in November 2009.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EGuldberg holds an undergraduate degree in mechanical\nengineering, a master\u2019s degree in bioengineering and mechanical engineering,\nand a Ph.D. in mechanical engineering from the University of Michigan.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ERobert E. Guldberg, director of Georgia Tech\u2019s Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, has been appointed chairperson of the Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Study Section in the Center for Scientific Review \u2013 part of the National Institutes of Health.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":"","uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-03-09 17:22:40","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:22","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-03-09T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-03-09T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"45991":{"id":"45991","type":"image","title":"Professor and IBB Director Robert Guldberg","body":null,"created":"1449174347","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:25:47","changed":"1475894406","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:06","alt":"Professor and IBB Director Robert Guldberg","file":{"fid":"190085","name":"tjt29428.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tjt29428_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tjt29428_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":133108,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tjt29428_0.jpg?itok=UhvVNCo3"}}},"media_ids":["45991"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ibb.gatech.edu\/director\/robert-e-guldberg","title":"Robert E. Guldberg, director of Georgia Tech\u2019s Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience"},{"url":"http:\/\/guldberglab.gatech.edu\/","title":"Guldberg Musculoskeletal Research Lab"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"11392","name":"Georgia W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering"},{"id":"12349","name":"NIH Study Section"},{"id":"497","name":"Parker H. Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience"},{"id":"12348","name":"Robert E. Guldberg"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64902":{"#nid":"64902","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Fraternity and Baseball Team Fundraise for Cancer Research","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EIn solidarity with each other and those suffering from childhood cancers, more than 150 fraternity men shaved their heads at Rira Irish Pub in midtown on Thursday, March 10. The men collectively raised more than $55,000 for St. Baldrick\u0027s Foundation and childhood cancer research, more than half the $107,043 total raised from their efforts and those of other local businesses. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Tech baseball team is also advocating this effort, and has committed to one \nplayer shaving his head for every $200 donated between now and March 20.\n The baseball team will have its players\u0027 heads shaved following their game versus N.C. State that Sunday, and hopes to raise at least $1,500 in its fundraising campaign. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDonations may still be made to \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.stbaldricks.org\/events\/americanrira\u0022\u003EIFC\u003C\/a\u003E or the \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.stbaldricks.org\/events\/mypage\/eventid\/121\/eventyear\/2011\u0022\u003Ebaseball team\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":"","field_summary_sentence":"","uid":"27469","created_gmt":"2011-03-11 10:17:31","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:22","author":"Kristen Bailey","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-03-11T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-03-11T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"64903":{"id":"64903","type":"image","title":"Robert Rhinehart Shaves Head for IFC","body":null,"created":"1449176783","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:23","changed":"1475894571","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:51","alt":"Robert Rhinehart Shaves Head for IFC","file":{"fid":"192120","name":"rirashave.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/rirashave_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/rirashave_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1750094,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/rirashave_0.jpg?itok=7pngYjnO"}},"64904":{"id":"64904","type":"image","title":"Matt Timms Shaves Head for IFC","body":null,"created":"1449176783","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:23","changed":"1475894571","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:51","alt":"Matt Timms Shaves Head for IFC","file":{"fid":"192121","name":"rirashave2.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/rirashave2_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/rirashave2_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":269545,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/rirashave2_0.jpg?itok=WHMBNyB_"}},"64908":{"id":"64908","type":"image","title":"Nick Robson Shaves Head for IFC","body":null,"created":"1449176783","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:23","changed":"1475894571","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:51","alt":"Nick Robson Shaves Head for IFC","file":{"fid":"192125","name":"image.png","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/image_2.png","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/image_2.png","mime":"image\/png","size":250364,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/image_2.png?itok=O2GvGtPd"}}},"media_ids":["64903","64904","64908"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/ramblinwreck.cstv.com\/sports\/m-basebl\/spec-rel\/030911aab.html","title":"Tech Baseball to Shave Heads for St. Baldrick\u0027s Foundation"},{"url":"http:\/\/gobald.org\/","title":"Donate to IFC\u0027s St. Baldrick\u0027s Campaign"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"133","name":"Special Events and Guest Speakers"},{"id":"134","name":"Student and Faculty"},{"id":"8862","name":"Student Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1625","name":"athletics"},{"id":"4124","name":"baseball"},{"id":"12358","name":"gt baseball"},{"id":"4248","name":"IFC"},{"id":"12341","name":"interfraternity council"},{"id":"167466","name":"st baldrick\u0027s foundation"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kristen.shaw@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EKristen Shaw\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EGeorgia Tech Communications \u0026amp; Marketing\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65009":{"#nid":"65009","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Two Georgia Tech Faculty Listed Among Top Chemists and Material Scientists of the Decade","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThomson-Reuters has included two Georgia Tech faculty\nmembers, Mostafa El-Sayed and Jean-Luc Bredas, in its lists of top scientists\nof the decade. In fact, both professors hail from the School of Chemistry and\nBiochemistry in the College of Sciences. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EEl-Sayed was listed as number 17 in Thomson-Reuters listing\nof the top chemists of the past decade. The ranking covers the time period from\nJanuary 2000 to October 2010. In that time, El-Sayed published 111 papers in\nchemistry journals with 10,135 citations. The list also rates the number of\ncitations per paper as a way to measure scientists\u2019 impact on the field, and\nEl-Sayed received 91.31 in this category.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EEl-Sayed was presented with the U.S. National Medal of\nScience in 2007 by then-President George W. Bush. His citation reads: \u201cfor his seminal and creative\ncontributions to our understanding of the electronic and optical properties of\nnano-materials and to their applications in nano-catalysis and nano-medicine,\nfor his humanitarian efforts of exchange among countries and for his role in\ndeveloping the scientific leadership of tomorrow.\u201d\nIn the following year, he was listed among the 100 most influential people in\nthe state of Georgia.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EAt\nGeorgia Tech, El-Sayed is the director of the Laser Dynamics Laboratory. His\nlab studies the conversion of electronic energy in a wide variety of\nstructures such as semiconductors (quantum dots) and metallic\nnanostructures.\nAmong his most promising current areas of research are using lasers and gold\nnanorods to fight cancerous tumors under the skin. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EEl-Sayed\ncame to Georgia Tech in 1994 and is currently the Julius Brown Chair and\nRegents\u2019 Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry. He was on the faculty at the\nUniversity of California at Los Angeles from 1961-94. He earned his doctorate\nfrom Florida State University and his bachelor\u2019s degree from Ain Shams\nUniversity in Egypt. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EJean-Luc\nBredas was listed as number 84 in Thomson-Reuters listing of the top materials\nscientists of the past decade. In that time, Bredas published 50 papers in\nmaterials science journals with 2,177 citations and an impact factor of 43.54. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EBredas\nwas a member of the team that received the Descartes Prize of the European\nUnion in 2003. He was awarded the Quinquennial Prize of the National Fund for\nScientific Research in Belgium in 2000 and the Francqui Prize in 1997.\u0026nbsp; In 2010, he received the Charles H. Stone\nAward of the American Chemical Society.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EAt\nGeorgia Tech, Bredas is a member of the Center for Organic Photonics and\nElectronics (for which he is in charge of international relations) and a\nco-director of the Center for Computational Molecular Science and Technology.\nHis work seeks to uncover the chemical and physical properties of novel organic\nmaterials and includes research on organic solar cells as well as organic\nlight-emitting diodes for potential use in visual displays and lighting. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EBredas\nis a Regents\u2019 Professor of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Georgia Tech. He is\nalso a Georgia Research Alliance Eminent Scholar and the Vasser Woolley and\nGeorgia Research Alliance Chair in Molecular Design. He holds an extraordinary\nprofessorship at the University of Mons in Belgium and an honorary\nprofessorship at the Institute of Chemistry of the Chinese Academy of Sciences\nin Beijing. Bredas came to Tech in 2003 from the University of Arizona. He\nearned his doctoral and bachelor\u2019s degrees from the University of Namur in\nBelgium.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMostafa El-Sayed and Jean-Luc Bredas, both faculty in the School of Chemistry and Biochemistry in Georgia Tech\u0027s College of Sciences, were each named as one of the top scientists of the past decade by Thomson-Reuters.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Mostafa El-Sayed and Jean-Luc Bredas honored by Thomson-Reuters."}],"uid":"27310","created_gmt":"2011-03-17 13:43:25","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:22","author":"David Terraso","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-03-17T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-03-17T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"39888":{"id":"39888","type":"image","title":"Mostafa El-Sayed","body":null,"created":"1449174126","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:22:06","changed":"1475894244","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:37:24"},"40107":{"id":"40107","type":"image","title":"Jean-Luc Bredas","body":null,"created":"1449174146","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:22:26","changed":"1475894226","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:37:06","alt":"Jean-Luc Bredas","file":{"fid":"189590","name":"Photos-Feb08-013.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Photos-Feb08-013.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Photos-Feb08-013.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":194856,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Photos-Feb08-013.jpg?itok=lEa8oOg2"}}},"media_ids":["39888","40107"],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"140","name":"Cancer Research"},{"id":"141","name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering"},{"id":"134","name":"Student and Faculty"}],"keywords":[{"id":"4896","name":"College of Sciences"},{"id":"12405","name":"jean-luc bredas"},{"id":"12406","name":"mostafa el-sayed"},{"id":"12408","name":"reuters"},{"id":"166928","name":"School of Chemistry and Biochemistry"},{"id":"167040","name":"science"},{"id":"12407","name":"thomson-reuters"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["david.terraso@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65010":{"#nid":"65010","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Japan Work and Study Abroad Programs Impacted by Disaster","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ESix Georgia Tech students who planned to spend spring semester\n        in Japan as part of the Institute\u0027s work and study abroad\n        programs have left the country as\n        directed by a U.S. State Department Travel Warning issued\n        following the earthquake and tsunami. Contact has been made with\n        two other students who have voluntarily decided to remain in Japan\u003Cem\u003E.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen the earthquake and tsunami initially impacted Japan, contact was made with Georgia Tech students who were planning to or already participating in study and work abroad programs in that country.\u0026nbsp; Georgia Tech was able to determine that all of those students were safe.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe Institute continues to closely monitor conditions for the approximately 69 students participating in programs located in the Pacific Rim outside of Japan, however no action is necessary at this time.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ETo keep the Georgia Tech community informed\n      about\n      opportunities to assist Japan and our expertise in areas spanning\n      from\n      engineering to logistics, a new \u201cFocus on Japan\u201d website has been\n      launched. The\n      site, \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/japan\/\u0022\u003Ewww.gatech.edu\/japan\/\u003C\/a\u003E, will be continually updated as\n      Georgia Tech\u2019s response\n      to the crisis evolves.\u003C\/p\u003E\n    \u003Cp\u003EThe site also features \u201cHow You Can Help,\u201d\n      providing links\n      to relief organizations and information on student outreach\n      activities. For\n      example, students are in the process of initiating fundraising as\n      well as blood\n      drives and other efforts that will begin after spring break. Resources including information on travel advisories, nuclear energy and other topics will also be\n      included on the site.\u003C\/p\u003E\n    \u003Cp align=\u0022center\u0022\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"State Department Issues Travel Advisory"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EEight Georgia Tech students who planned to\n      spend spring\n      semester in Japan as part of the International Work Abroad and\n      Office of\n      International Education (OIE) programs have left the country as\n      directed by a U.S. State Department travel advisory issued\n      following the earthquake\n      and tsunami. \u0026nbsp;Contact has been made with\n      a student and faculty advisor who remain there.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Eight Georgia Tech students who planned to spend spring semester in Japan have left the country as directed by a U.S. State Department travel advisory."}],"uid":"27281","created_gmt":"2011-03-17 18:39:26","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:22","author":"Lisa Grovenstein","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-03-17T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-03-17T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"65011":{"id":"65011","type":"image","title":"Disaster Strikes Japan","body":null,"created":"1449176783","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:23","changed":"1475894574","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:54","alt":"Disaster Strikes Japan","file":{"fid":"192143","name":"map_japan.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/map_japan_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/map_japan_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":56169,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/map_japan_0.jpg?itok=FLBXt_mO"}}},"media_ids":["65011"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/japan\/","title":"Focus on Japan"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"}],"keywords":[{"id":"5770","name":"Earthquake"},{"id":"751","name":"Japan"},{"id":"9055","name":"office of international education"},{"id":"170935","name":"study abroad program"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELisa Grovenstein, 404-894-8835\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lisa.grovenstein@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64716":{"#nid":"64716","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Researchers Predict Age of T Cells to Improve Cancer Treatment","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EManipulation of cells by a new microfluidic device may help clinicians improve a promising cancer therapy that harnesses the body\u0027s own immune cells to fight such diseases as metastatic melanoma, non-Hodgkin\u0027s lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia and neuroblastoma.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe therapy, known as adoptive T cell transfer, has shown encouraging results in clinical trials. This treatment involves removing disease-fighting immune cells called T cells from a cancer patient, multiplying them in the laboratory and then infusing them back into the patient\u0027s body to attack the cancer. The effectiveness of this therapy, however, is limited by the finite lifespan of T cells -- after many divisions, these cells become unresponsive and inactive.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at Georgia Tech and Emory University have addressed this limitation by developing a microfluidic device for sample handling that allows a statistical model to be generated to evaluate cell responsiveness and accurately predict cell \u0022age\u0022 and quality. Being able to assess the age and responsiveness of T cells -- and therefore transfer only young functional cells back into a cancer patient\u0027s body -- offers the potential to improve the therapeutic outcome of several cancers.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The statistical model, enabled by the data generated with the microfluidic device, revealed an optimal combination of extracellular and intracellular proteins that accurately predict T cell age,\u0022 said Melissa Kemp, an assistant professor in the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University. \u0022Knowing this information will help facilitate the clinical development of appropriate T cell expansion and selection protocols.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDetails on the microfluidic device and statistical model were published in the March issue of the journal \u003Cem\u003EMolecular \u0026amp; Cellular Proteomics\u003C\/em\u003E. This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health, Georgia Cancer Coalition, and Georgia Tech Integrative Biosystems Institute.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECurrently, clinicians measure T cell age by using multiple assays that rely on measurements from large cell populations. The measurements determine if cells are exhibiting functions known to appear at different stages in the life cycle of a T cell.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Since no one measurement is a perfect predictor, it is advantageous to concurrently sample multiple proteins at different time points, which we can do with our microfluidic device,\u0022 explained Kemp, who is also a Georgia Cancer Coalition Distinguished Professor. \u0022The wealth of information we get from our device for a small number of cells far exceeds a single measurement from a population the same size by another assay type.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor their study, Kemp, electrical engineering graduate student Catherine Rivet and biomedical engineering undergraduate student Abby Hill analyzed CD8+ T cells from healthy blood donors. They acquired information from 25 static biomarkers and 48 dynamic signaling measurements and found a combination of phenotypic markers and protein signaling dynamics -- including Lck, ERK, CD28 and CD27 -- to be the most useful in predicting cellular age.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo obtain biomarker and dynamic signaling event measurements, the researchers ran the donor T cells through a microfluidic device designed in collaboration with Hang Lu, an associate professor in the Georgia Tech School of Chemical \u0026amp; Biomolecular Engineering. After stimulating the cells, the device divided them into different channels corresponding to eight different time points, ranging from 30 seconds to seven minutes. Then they were divided again into populations that were chemically treated to halt the biochemical reactions at snapshots in time to build up a picture of the signaling events that occurred as the T cells responded to antigen.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022While donor-to-donor variability is a confounding factor in these types of experiments, the technological platform minimized the experimental data variance and allowed stimulation time to be precisely controlled,\u0022 said Lu.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith the donor T cell data, the researchers developed a model to assess which biomarkers or dynamical signaling events best predicted the quality of T cell function. The model found the most informative data in predicting cellular age to be the initial changes in signaling dynamics.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Although a combination of biomarker and dynamic signaling data provided the optimal model, our results suggest that signaling information alone can predict cellular age almost as well as the entire dataset,\u0022 noted Kemp. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the future, Kemp plans to use this approach of combining multiple cell-based experiments on a microfluidic chip to integrate single-cell information with population-averaged techniques, such as multiplexed immunoassays or mass spectrometry.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis project is supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (NIH)(Grant No. R21CA134299). The content is solely the responsibility of the principal investigator and does not necessarily represent the official views of the NIH.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers are accurately predicting T cell age and quality in order to improve the effectiveness of the cancer therapy known as adoptive T cell transfer, which is currently limited by the cells\u0027 finite lifespan.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Predicting age of T cells could improve cancer therapy"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-03-02 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:18","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-03-02T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-03-02T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"64717":{"id":"64717","type":"image","title":"Catherine Rivet, Abby Hill and Melissa Kemp","body":null,"created":"1449176765","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:05","changed":"1475894569","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:49","alt":"Catherine Rivet, Abby Hill and Melissa Kemp","file":{"fid":"192077","name":"tti74257.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tti74257_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tti74257_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1333865,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tti74257_0.jpg?itok=nSPAxpo2"}},"64718":{"id":"64718","type":"image","title":"Melissa Kemp","body":null,"created":"1449176765","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:05","changed":"1475894569","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:49","alt":"Melissa Kemp","file":{"fid":"192078","name":"tbp74257.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tbp74257_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tbp74257_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1153544,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tbp74257_0.jpg?itok=BuQsupTC"}},"64719":{"id":"64719","type":"image","title":"Microfluidic device","body":null,"created":"1449176765","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:05","changed":"1475894569","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:49","alt":"Microfluidic device","file":{"fid":"192079","name":"tfd74257.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tfd74257_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tfd74257_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1055020,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tfd74257_0.jpg?itok=-JlNwrZ7"}}},"media_ids":["64717","64718","64719"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.bme.gatech.edu\/facultystaff\/faculty_record.php?id=97","title":"Melissa Kemp"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.chbe.gatech.edu\/faculty\/lu.php","title":"Hang Lu"},{"url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1074\/mcp.M110.003921","title":"Molecular \u0026 Cellular Proteomics paper"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.bme.gatech.edu\/","title":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.chbe.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Chemical \u0026 Biomolecular Engineering"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"140","name":"Cancer Research"},{"id":"141","name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"12210","name":"Adoptive Immunotherapy"},{"id":"12211","name":"adoptive t cell transfer"},{"id":"7214","name":"biomarker"},{"id":"249","name":"Biomedical Engineering"},{"id":"1704","name":"chemical \u0026 biomolecular engineering"},{"id":"12214","name":"Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia"},{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"898","name":"Hang Lu"},{"id":"4514","name":"immunotherapy"},{"id":"5084","name":"Melissa Kemp"},{"id":"12212","name":"Metastatic Melanoma"},{"id":"12216","name":"Microfluidic Device"},{"id":"12215","name":"Neuroblastoma"},{"id":"12213","name":"non-Hodgkin\u2019s lymphoma"},{"id":"9047","name":"T cell"},{"id":"12217","name":"t cell age"},{"id":"12218","name":"T cell Assays"},{"id":"12209","name":"t cell therapy"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"65366":{"#nid":"65366","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Adaptation in Proteins Provides Evidence that Organisms on Early Earth Lived in a Hot, Acidic Environment","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA new study reveals that a group of ancient enzymes adapted to substantial changes in ocean temperature and acidity during the last four billion years, providing evidence that life on Early Earth evolved from a much hotter, more acidic environment to the cooler, less acidic global environment that exists today.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe study found that a group of ancient enzymes known as thioredoxin were chemically stable at temperatures up to 32 degrees Celsius (58 degrees Fahrenheit) higher than their modern counterparts. The enzymes, which were several billion years old, also showed increased activity at lower pH levels -- which correspond to greater acidity.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This study shows that a group of ubiquitous proteins operated in a hot, acidic environment during early life, which supports the view that the environment progressively cooled and became more alkaline between four billion and 500 million years ago,\u0022 said Eric Gaucher, an associate professor in the School of Biology at the Georgia Institute of Technology.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe study, which was published April 3 in the advance online edition of the journal \u003Cem\u003ENature Structural \u0026amp; Molecular Biology\u003C\/em\u003E, was conducted by an international team of researchers from Georgia Tech, Columbia University and the Universidad de Granada in Spain.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMajor funding for this study was provided by two grants from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration to Georgia Tech, a grant from the National Institutes of Health to Columbia University, and a grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation to the Universidad de Granada.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUsing a technique called ancestral sequence reconstruction, Gaucher and Georgia Tech biology graduate student Zi-Ming Zhao reconstructed seven ancient thioredoxin enzymes from the three domains of life -- archaea, bacteria and eukaryote -- that date back between one and four billion years. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo resurrect these enzymes, which are found in nearly all known modern organisms and are essential for life in mammals, the researchers first constructed a family tree of the more than 200 thioredoxin sequences available from the three domains of life. Then they reconstructed the sequences of the ancestral thioredoxin enzymes using statistical methods based on maximum likelihood. Finally, they synthesized the genes that encoded these sequences, expressed the ancient proteins in the cells of modern Escherichia coli bacteria and then purified the proteins.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022By resurrecting proteins, we are able to gather valuable information about the adaptation of extinct forms of life to climatic, ecological and physiological alterations that cannot be uncovered through fossil record examinations,\u0022 said Gaucher.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe reconstructed enzymes from the Precambrian period -- which ended about 542 million years ago -- were used to examine how environmental conditions, including pH and temperature, affected the evolution of the enzymes and their chemical mechanisms.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Given the ancient origin of the reconstructed thioredoxin enzymes, with some of them predating the buildup of atmospheric oxygen, we thought their catalytic chemistry would be simple, but we found that thioredoxin enzymes use a complex mixture of chemical mechanisms that increases their efficiency over the simpler compounds that were available in early geochemistry,\u0022 said Julio Fern\u00e1ndez, a professor in the Department of Biological Sciences professor at Columbia University.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFern\u00e1ndez led a team that included Columbia University postdoctoral researchers Raul Perez-Jimenez, Jorge Alegre-Cebollada and Sergi Garcia-Manyes, and graduate student Pallav Kosuri in using an assay based on single molecule force spectroscopy to measure the activity level of the thioredoxin enzymes under different pH levels. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor their experiments, the researchers used an atomic force microscope to pick up and stretch an engineered protein in a solution containing thioredoxin. They first applied a constant force to the protein, causing it to rapidly unfold and expose its disulfide bonds to the thioredoxin enzymes. The rate at which a thioredoxin enzyme snipped the disulfide bonds determined the enzyme\u0027s level of efficiency. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe study results showed that the three oldest thioredoxin enzymes -- those thought to have inhabited Earth 4.2 to 3.5 billion years ago -- were able to operate in lower pH environments than the modern thioredoxin enzymes.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Our analysis indicates that ancient thioredoxin enzymes were well adapted to function under acidic conditions and that they maintained their high level of activity as they evolved in more alkaline environments,\u0022 said Fern\u00e1ndez.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo measure the temperature range in which the enzymes operated, professor Jose Sanchez-Ruiz and graduate student Alvaro Ingl\u00e9s-Prieto from the Departamento de Qu\u00edmica-F\u00edsica at the Universidad de Granada in Spain used a technique called differential scanning calorimetry. This method measures the stability of enzymes by heating the enzymes at a constant rate and measuring the heat change associated with their unfolding.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers found that the ancient proteins were stable at temperatures up to 32 degrees Celsius higher than the modern thioredoxins. The experiments showed that the enzymes exhibited higher temperature stability the older they were. The results provide evidence that ancestral thioredoxins adapted to the cooling trend of ancient oceans, as inferred from geological records.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Our results confirm that life has the remarkable ability to adapt to a wide range of historical environmental conditions; and by extension, life will undoubtedly adapt to future environmental changes, albeit at some cost to many species,\u0022 said Gaucher.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis study also showed that the experimental resurrection of ancient proteins together with the sensitivity of single-molecule techniques can be a powerful tool for understanding the origin and evolution of life on Earth. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers are currently using this strategy to assess other enzymes to get a clearer picture of what life was like on Early Earth. They are also applying these tools to the field of biotechnology, where enzymes play important roles in many industrial processes. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The functions and characteristics we observed in the ancestral enzymes show that our techniques can be implemented to generate improved enzymes for a wide range of applications,\u0022 added Perez-Jimenez.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis project was supported by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (Award Nos. NNX08AO12G and NNA09DA78A). The content is solely the responsibility of the principal investigator and does not necessarily represent the official view of NASA.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA new study reveals that a group of ancient enzymes adapted to substantial changes in ocean temperature and acidity during the last four billion years, providing evidence that life on Early Earth evolved from a much hotter, more acidic environment.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Protein adaptation provides evidence for hot, acidic Early Earth."}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-04-04 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:18","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-04-04T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2011-04-04T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"65367":{"id":"65367","type":"image","title":"Eric Gaucher and Zi-Ming Zhao","body":null,"created":"1449176831","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:07:11","changed":"1475894577","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:57","alt":"Eric Gaucher and Zi-Ming Zhao","file":{"fid":"192226","name":"twj48150.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/twj48150_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/twj48150_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1357353,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/twj48150_0.jpg?itok=suDUtRKg"}},"65368":{"id":"65368","type":"image","title":"Eric Gaucher","body":null,"created":"1449176831","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:07:11","changed":"1475894577","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:57","alt":"Eric Gaucher","file":{"fid":"192227","name":"tdy48150.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tdy48150_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tdy48150_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1043179,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tdy48150_0.jpg?itok=tu2CE2mu"}}},"media_ids":["65367","65368"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/nsmb.2020","title":"Nature Structural \u0026 Molecular Biology paper"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.biology.gatech.edu\/people\/eric-gaucher","title":"Eric Gaucher"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.biology.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Biology"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"12665","name":"Acidity"},{"id":"12662","name":"Ancestral"},{"id":"12663","name":"ancestral proteins"},{"id":"12657","name":"ancient protein"},{"id":"4896","name":"College of Sciences"},{"id":"12661","name":"Early Earth"},{"id":"807","name":"environment"},{"id":"7735","name":"enzyme"},{"id":"5079","name":"Eric Gaucher"},{"id":"9854","name":"Origin Of Life"},{"id":"12660","name":"Origin Of Species"},{"id":"12664","name":"PH"},{"id":"12659","name":"Precambrian"},{"id":"12666","name":"Protein Stability"},{"id":"12667","name":"resurrected protein"},{"id":"7510","name":"temperature"},{"id":"12658","name":"thioredoxin"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64646":{"#nid":"64646","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Hosts Health and Humanitarian Logistics Conference","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWhat role does logistics play in reducing the impact of\ncommunicable diseases? How can we be better prepared to prevent, mitigate or\nimprove disaster response? \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ERepresentatives from the humanitarian sector, government, nonprofits\nand academia will address these questions and more at the 3rd annual Health and\nHumanitarian Logistics Conference, to be held March 3-4 at Georgia Tech\u2019s\nGlobal Learning Center.\u0026nbsp;The conference is open to the public.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe conference will play an important role in highlighting\nthe key issues and challenges in the health and humanitarian sectors and will\nhelp build bridges, enable the exchange of ideas and establish collaborations\nacross different players,\u201d said Pinar Keskinocak, professor in the School of\nIndustrial and Systems Engineering at Georgia Tech.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EParticipants from across the globe \u2013 countries such as\nCanada, Colombia, Finland, Germany, Great Britain, India, Kenya, the\nNetherlands, Senegal, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, Uganda, and Zambia \u2013 are\nexpected to attend the conference.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech and The UPS Foundation, the charitable arm of\nUnited Parcel Service, are sponsors of this year\u0027s conference.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u2028\u0022UPS has become a leading force in urgent humanitarian\nrelief with the logistics expertise, technology and assets we can bring,\u0022\nsaid Ken Sternad, president of The UPS Foundation.\u0026nbsp; \u0022Working with\npartners like Georgia Tech helps UPS to extend its support for our communities\nin preparedness, response and recovery in times of disaster.\u0022 \u2028\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Tech Global Learning Center is located at 84\nFifth St. NW, Atlanta, GA 30308.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ERepresentatives from the humanitarian sector, government, nonprofits\nand academia will address these questions and more at the 3rd annual Health and\nHumanitarian Logistics Conference, to be held March 3-4 at Georgia Tech\u2019s\nGlobal Learning Center\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":"","uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-02-25 15:16:59","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:18","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-25T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-25T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.scl.gatech.edu\/humlog2011","title":"Conference information and registration"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"12155","name":"2011 Health and Humanitarian Logistics Conference"},{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"426","name":"isye"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64679":{"#nid":"64679","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Silver-Diamond Composite Offers Cooling Capabilities for Electronics","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are developing a solid composite material to help cool small, powerful microelectronics used in defense systems. The material, composed of silver and diamond, promises an exceptional degree of thermal conductivity compared to materials currently used for this application.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research is focused on producing a silver-diamond thermal shim of unprecedented thinness \u2013 250 microns or less.  The ratio of silver to diamond in the material can be tailored to allow the shim to be bonded with low thermal-expansion stress to the high-power wide-bandgap semiconductors planned for next generation phased-array radars.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThermal shims are needed to pull heat from these high-power semiconductors and transfer it to heat-dissipating devices such as fins, fans or heat pipes. Since the semiconductors work in very confined operating spaces, it is necessary that the shims be made from a material that packs high thermal conductivity into a tiny structure.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDiamonds provide the bulk of thermal conductivity, while silver suspends the diamond particles within the composite and contributes to high thermal conductivity that is 25 percent better than copper.  To date, tests indicate that the silver-diamond composite performs extremely well in two key areas -- thermal conductivity and thermal expansion.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0027We have already observed clear performance benefits -- an estimated temperature decrease from 285 degrees Celsius to 181 degrees Celsius -- using a material of 50 percent diamond in a 250-micron shim,\u0027 said Jason Nadler, a GTRI research engineer who is leading the project. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers are approaching diamond percentages that can be as high as 85 percent, in a shim less than 250 microns in thickness. These increased percentages of diamond are yielding even better performance results in prototype testing.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENadler added that this novel approach to silver-diamond composites holds definite technology-transfer promise.  No material currently available offers this combination of performance and thinness. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENatural Thermal Conductors\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDiamond is the most thermally conductive natural material, with a rating of approximately 2,000 watts per meter Kelvin, which is a measure of thermal efficiency.  Silver, which is among the most thermally conductive metals, has a significantly lower rating -- 400 watts per meter K. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENadler explained that adding silver is necessary to:\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-  bond the loose diamond particles into a stable matrix;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-  allow precise cutting of the material to form components of exact sizes;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-  match thermal expansion to that of the semiconductor device being cooled;\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n-  create a more thermally effective interface between the diamonds.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENadler and his team use diamond particles, resembling grains of sand, that can be molded into a planar form.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe problem is, a sand-like material doesn\u0027t hold together well.  A matrix of silver -- soft, ductile and sticky -- is needed to keep the diamond particles together and achieve a robust composite material.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition, because the malleable silver matrix completely surrounds the diamond particles, it supports cutting the composite to the precise dimensions needed to form components like thermal shims. And silver allows those components to bond readily to other surfaces, such as semiconductors.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETailoring Thermal Expansion\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs any material heats up, it expands at its own individual rate, a behavior known as its coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE).  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhen structures made from different materials -- such as a wide-bandgap semiconductor and a thermal shim -- are joined, it is vital that their thermal-expansion coefficients be identical.  Bonded materials that expand at different rates separate readily.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDiamond has a very low coefficient of thermal expansion of about two parts per million\/Kelvin (ppm\/K).  But the materials used to make wide-bandgap semiconductors -- such as silicon carbide or gallium nitride \u2013 have higher CTEs, generally in the range of three to five ppm\/K.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy adding in just the right percentage of silver, which has a CTE of about 20 ppm\/K, the GTRI team can tailor the silver-diamond composite to expand at the same rate as the semiconductor material. By matching thermal-expansion rates during heating and cooling, the researchers have enabled the two materials to maintain a strong bond. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUnlike metals, which conduct heat by moving electrons, diamond conducts heat by means of phonons, which are vibrational wave packets that travel through crystalline and other materials.  Introducing silver between the diamond-particle interfaces helps phonons move from particle to particle and supports thermal efficiency. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022It\u0027s a challenge to use diamond particles to fill space in a plane with high efficiency and stability,\u0022 Nadler said. \u0022In recent years we\u0027ve built image-analysis and other tools that let us perform structural morphological analyses on the material we\u0027ve created. That data helps us understand what\u0027s actually happening within the composite -- including how the diamond-particle sizes are distributed and how the silver actually surrounds the diamonds.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA remaining hurdle involves the need to move beyond performance testing to an in-depth analysis of the silver-diamond material\u0027s functionality. Nadler\u0027s aim is to explain the thermal conductivity of the composite from a fundamental materials standpoint, rather than relying solely on performance results.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe extremely small size of the thermal shims makes such in-depth testing difficult, because existing testing methods require larger amounts of material. However, Nadler and his team are evaluating several testbed technologies that hold promise for detailed thermal-conductivity analysis.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are developing a solid composite material to help cool small, powerful microelectronics used in defense systems. The new material is composed of silver and diamond.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A new composite material could help cool high-power electronics."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-02-28 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:18","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-28T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-28T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"64680":{"id":"64680","type":"image","title":"Silver-diamond composite materials","body":null,"created":"1449176765","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:05","changed":"1475894569","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:49","alt":"Silver-diamond composite materials","file":{"fid":"192067","name":"tlk30065.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tlk30065_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tlk30065_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1566428,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tlk30065_0.jpg?itok=2GrGCacw"}},"64681":{"id":"64681","type":"image","title":"Diamond materials","body":null,"created":"1449176765","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:05","changed":"1475894569","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:49","alt":"Diamond materials","file":{"fid":"192068","name":"tis30065.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tis30065_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tis30065_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1387493,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tis30065_0.jpg?itok=xW6H8EfD"}},"64682":{"id":"64682","type":"image","title":"Diamond material","body":null,"created":"1449176765","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:05","changed":"1475894569","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:49","alt":"Diamond material","file":{"fid":"192069","name":"thg30065.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/thg30065_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/thg30065_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":662179,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/thg30065_0.jpg?itok=XTk8hD5C"}}},"media_ids":["64680","64681","64682"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"144","name":"Energy"},{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"12178","name":"composite"},{"id":"437","name":"cooling"},{"id":"1366","name":"defense"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"12176","name":"Jason Nadler"},{"id":"2832","name":"microelectronics"},{"id":"171070","name":"silver-diamond"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64695":{"#nid":"64695","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Chair Named Georgia Engineer of the Year in Education","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJoseph B. Hughes, Georgia Tech\u2019s Karen and John Huff chair\nof the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, was named the 2011 Engineer\nof the Year in Education.\u0026nbsp;Hughes was honored by the Georgia Engineering Alliance on\nFeb. 26, at a gala celebrating Georgia Engineers Week.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESince 2003, Hughes has chaired the Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Civil and Environmental\nEngineering. He also serves as professor of environmental engineering and materials\nscience and engineering.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u201cDr.\nHughes\u2019 vision for engineering education, his impact on public policy and his\n(inter)national visibility are substantial,\u0022 said Georgia Tech\u0027s College of Engineering Chair Don Giddens. \u0022 . . .\u0026nbsp;\u0026nbsp;Under\nDr. Hughes\u2019 administration, we have continuously observed increased rankings of\nthe School, undergraduate enrollments have swelled from 500 to more than 1,000\nstudents, all while maintaining and even elevating the program\u2019s quality of\neducation.\u201d\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHughes\u0027 research interests include environmental biotechnology,\nnanomaterial fate and transport and environmental engineering needs in\ndeveloping countries. His research focuses on the treatment and remediation of hazardous wastes.\nHe is a recognized leader in this field and has pioneered at least two areas of\nresearch that have significantly influenced engineering practice.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EHughes\nearned his\nPh.D. and M.S. degrees in civil and environmental engineering from the\nUniversity of Iowa and a B.A. in chemistry from Cornell College.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition, Georgia Tech alumnus James Hamilton, president and\nCEO of Southern Civil Engineers, received the Georgia Engineer of the Year\nAward.\u0026nbsp; A Georgia native and Georgia Tech\ngraduate, Hamilton has dedicated his career to finding the balance between\nconstruction and environmental conservation and used this mission to build the\nfoundation for his engineering firm, Southern Civil Engineers, which he founded\nin 1983.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"The Georgia Engineering Alliance recognizes School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Chair Joseph Hughes"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJoseph B. Hughes, Georgia Tech\u2019s Karen and John Huff School chair\nof the School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, was named the 2011 Engineer\nof the Year in Education.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Georgia Engineering Alliance recognizes School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Chair Joseph Hughes"}],"uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-03-01 16:12:09","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:18","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-03-01T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-03-01T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"64710":{"id":"64710","type":"image","title":"Professor Joseph B. Hughes","body":null,"created":"1449176765","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:06:05","changed":"1475894569","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:49","alt":"Professor Joseph B. Hughes","file":{"fid":"192076","name":"Hughes_headshot_THUMB.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Hughes_headshot_THUMB_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Hughes_headshot_THUMB_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":73028,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Hughes_headshot_THUMB_0.jpg?itok=bVsxI0BD"}}},"media_ids":["64710"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ce.gatech.edu\/people\/faculty\/601\/overview","title":"CEE Faculty Profile - Joseph Blake Hughes"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.engineersweek.com\/","title":"Georgia Engineers Week"},{"url":"http:\/\/gaengineers.org\/","title":"http:\/\/gaengineers.org\/"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"12197","name":"Georgia Engineer of the Year for Education"},{"id":"12196","name":"Joseph Blake Hughes"},{"id":"167864","name":"School of Civil and Environmental Engineering"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64479":{"#nid":"64479","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Undergrads Receive Research Grants from Intel Foundation","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Institute of Technology applauds 18\nundergraduates who this month received research opportunities, funded by a $98,650\ngrant provided by the Intel Foundation and the Semiconductor Research\nCorporation Education Alliance.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Intel Foundation is a philanthropic organization that\nprovides funding for national and localized grants.\u0026nbsp; Together with the Semiconductor Research\nCorporation\u2019s Education Alliance, the foundation fuels innovation in\nclassrooms, and empowers women and underserved youth through the Undergraduate\nResearch Opportunities program.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022With the support of SRC\u0027s Education Alliance, this\ninnovative program of Intel-sponsored undergraduate research teams exposes our\nstudents to real-world engineering problems and contributes to our goal of\ngiving them every possibility to succeed,\u201d said Gary S. May, professor and\nSteve W. Chaddick School Chair of Georgia Tech\u2019s School of Electrical and\nComputer Engineering.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech\u2019s award recipients, new and continuing in\n2010-2011, include:\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u2028- Christina Bins, 2011, Chemical and Biomolecular\nEngineering\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u2028- Alex Cardwell, 2013, Electrical Engineering\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E- Penyen Chi, 2012, Computer Engineering\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E- Brendon Duncombe-Smith, 2013, Electrical Engineering\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E- Samuel Elia, 2012, Electrical Engineering\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u2028- Aaron Fan, 2012, Electrical Engineering\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E- Trevor Green,2013, Computer Engineering\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u2028- Christopher Hilgert, 2013, Chemical and Biomolecular\nEngineering\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E- Brett Ireland, 2012, Computer Engineering\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E- Justin Jiang, 2013, Electrical Engineering\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u2028- Layla Marshall, 2013, Electrical Engineering\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E- Sebastian Palacios, 2011, Electrical Engineering\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E- Mark Pinturak, 2013, Computer Engineering\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E- Pranav Ramesh, 2012, Electrical Engineering\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E- Adithya Ravichandran, 2011, Electrical Engineering\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u2028- Rolando Roca, 2011, Electrical Engineering\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E- Jeremy Thompson, 2012, Computer Engineering\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E- Samual Wilson, 2012, Chemical and Biomolecular\nEngineering\u2028\u2028\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Institute of Technology applauds 18\nundergraduates who this month received research opportunities, funded by a $98,650\ngrant provided by the Intel Foundation and the Semiconductor Research\nCorporation Education Alliance.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":"","uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-02-23 11:41:03","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:15","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-23T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-23T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"12037","name":"Intel Foundation"},{"id":"167197","name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineeering"},{"id":"166954","name":"SRC"},{"id":"169988","name":"student research grants"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["klipp@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64325":{"#nid":"64325","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Five alumni awarded AAAS Science and Technology Policy fellowships","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EFive Georgia Tech alumni have been awarded 2010-11 AAAS Science and Technology\nPolicy Fellowships, an opportunity to bring their expertise in science and engineering\nto lawmaking in the executive branch and congressional offices.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAnthony Belvin\u003C\/strong\u003E (B.S. mechanical engineering\n\u201897) is an AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow at the Department of\nEnergy\u2019s Office of Nuclear Energy. He is the first fellow ever selected to work\nin this office.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EPrior\nto this fellowship, Belvin served as a senior technical staff member in the\nApplied Technologies Division at the Y-12 National Security Complex in Oak\nRidge, Tenn. \u0026nbsp;Before that, Anthony developed\nengineering solutions for Sandia National Laboratories\u2014Livermore, Ford Motor\nCompany, Pratt \u0026amp; Whitney and the National Aeronautics and Space\nAdministration\u2019s Kennedy Space Center at Cape Canaveral.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EIn\naddition to his undergraduate degree from Georgia Tech, Belvin earned his\nmaster\u2019s degree in mechanical engineering from Howard University and a PhD in mechanical\nengineering from Florida A\u0026amp;M University.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ETriple\nGeorgia Tech alumnus \u003Cstrong\u003EAnthony Dickherber\u003C\/strong\u003E\n(B.S. electrical engineering \u201899; M.S. electrical and computer engineering \u201802,\nand Ph.D. bioengineering \u201808) is an AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellow\nat the National Institutes of Health\u2019s National Cancer Institute.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EPreviously,\nDickherber served as a postdoctoral fellow in 2009 at Georgia Tech\u2019s Nanotechnology\nResearch Center and was a Tech graduate research assistant from 2003 to 2008,\nas well as a research engineer at the Georgia Tech Research Institute from 1999\nto 2003.\u0026nbsp; Dickherber also completed a\nprofessional co-op assignment at Scientific Atlanta (now Cisco Broadband) in\n1997.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERichard A. Simmons \u003C\/strong\u003E(B.S. mechanical\nengineering \u201893) is serving as an energy officer at the U.S. Department of\nState, where he supports the Office of International Energy and Commodities by\napplying technical expertise and support to international policy issues related\nto energy.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EA\nlicensed professional engineer for 15 years, Simmons has concentrated his work in\nthe automotive industry, studying advanced materials, recycling and alternative\nfuels. Simmons is also a board member and technical advisor of companies based\nin Atlanta and Brussels, Belgium respectively.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJacqueline Tront \u003C\/strong\u003E(B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. in\ncivil and environmental engineering) is an AAAS Diplomacy Fellow at the U.S.\nState Department, Bureau of Oceans, Environment and Science, Office of\nEnvironmental Policy, Division of Environment and Trade. Prior to her selection\nas an AAAS Diplomacy Fellow, Tront was a postdoctoral fellow in the Institute\nfor Geotechnical Engineering at the ETH Zurich (Swiss Federal Institute of\nTechnology) in Zurich, Switzerland. Her research focused on applications and\ndevelopment of environmental biotechnology, with an emphasis on microbial fuel\ncell biosensor development for use in environmental monitoring and soil\nimprovement for natural disaster abatement\/avoidance.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAnnica Wayman\u003C\/strong\u003E (M.S. in mechanical\nengineering \u201803 and Ph.D. in mechanical engineering \u201806) is an AAAS Science and\nTechnology Policy Fellow at the U.S. Agency for International Development in\nthe Bureau for Policy, Planning and Learning.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EA\nnative of West Chester, Pa., Wayman worked as a senior engineer in medical\nsurgical systems at Becton Dickinson from 2006 to 2010, prior to the\nfellowship. Wayman was also a National Science Foundation Fellow, Presidential\nFellow, FACES Fellow and ARCS Fellow \u2013 all at Georgia Tech.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\nimpact of the AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellowships is well known on\nCapitol Hill and in departments and agencies that have a science-related focus.\nSince they were founded in 1973, the fellowships have sent more than 2,300\nscientists and engineers to work for a year or two in Congress and nearly 20\nexecutive branch agencies and departments. Scores have stayed on to build\nhigh-impact careers in government, while others have gone on to leadership\npositions in education, private enterprise and non-governmental organizations.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThis year, for the second consecutive year, the energy, environment and\nagriculture program area has the largest contingent of Fellows.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EFive Georgia Tech alumni have been awarded\n2010-11 AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellowships, an opportunity to bring\ntheir expertise in science and engineering to lawmaking in the executive branch\nand congressional offices.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Five Georgia Tech alumni have been awarded 2010-11 AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellowships in D.C."}],"uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-02-17 17:29:13","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:10","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-01-14T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-01-14T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/fellowships.aaas.org\/","title":"AAAS Science \u0026 Technology Policy Fellowships"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"155","name":"Congressional Testimony"}],"keywords":[{"id":"11959","name":"AAAS Science and Technology Fellows; 2010-2011"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["liz.klipp@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64165":{"#nid":"64165","#data":{"type":"news","title":"John Cressler Honored with IEEE Graduate Teaching Award","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn D. Cressler, Ken Byers Professor of Electrical and\nComputer Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, is being honored with\nthe 2011 IEEE Leon K. Kirchmayer Graduate Teaching Award. IEEE is the world\u2019s\nlargest professional association advancing technology.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe award, sponsored by the Leon K. Kirchmayer Memorial\nFund, recognizes Cressler for inspirational teaching and student mentoring in\nthe field of advanced microelectronic devices and circuits.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ECressler will be presented with the award on February 21 at the IEEE\nInternational Solid-State Circuits Conference, in San Francisco, Calif.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EKnown for his approachability and his unlimited patience,\nCressler includes unique design experiences within his graduate courses so that\nstudents gain exposure to real-world challenges, learn to communicate with\ndiverse audiences and work together in a team environment to solve complex\nproblems, the IEEE award announcement said.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0022John is passionately dedicated to finding engineering and technological solutions to the challenges that the world faces today, and\u0026nbsp;he is an exemplary ambassador for our profession,\u0022 said Gary May, fellow professor and Steve W. Chaddick School Chair of Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Electrical and Computer Engineering.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ECressler also instills his passion for social awareness\nwithin his students, examining both the positive and negative aspects of the\nglobal micro- and nanoelectronics revolution. According to former students,\nknown to many in industry as \u201cCressler Students,\u201d Cressler has inspired them to\nuse technology to build a better world and to seek balance in life while they\nexcel professionally. Cressler consistently receives high ratings from student\nsurveys and is admired by students and faculty alike.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ECressler is considered a leading expert in silicon-germanium\nheterojunction bipolar transistor technology. This technology opens the door\nfor low-cost but high-performance electronics and systems needed to support\never-increasing global communications needs. The experience he gained in\nindustry prior to starting his teaching career clearly influences his classroom\nstyle and philosophy. He has maintained close ties to both industry and\ngovernment sponsors, ensuring that his students\u2019 research has timely impact on\nthe ever-changing communications marketplace.\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECressler also serves as\nfaculty mentor for Georgia Tech\u2019s SURE program, which brings top-notch minority\nundergraduates to the school and incorporates them into research teams for a\ntaste of what graduate school is all about.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBefore joining Georgia Tech in 2002, Cressler worked at the IBM T.J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y. and served on the ECE faculty at Auburn University. He is an IEEE Fellow and is a previous recipient of the Georgia Tech Outstanding Faculty Leadership for the Development of Graduate Research Assistants Award (2007) and the Georgia Tech Class of 1940 W. Howard Ector Outstanding Teacher Award (2010).\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EJohn D. Cressler, Ken Byers Professor of Electrical and\nComputer Engineering, is being honored with\nthe 2011 IEEE Leon K. Kirchmayer Graduate Teaching Award. IEEE is the world\u2019s\nlargest professional association advancing technology.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"John Cressler, Ken Byers Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, is honored with  2011 IEEE Graduate Teaching Award."}],"uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-02-09 15:33:28","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:10","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-09T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-09T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"46184":{"id":"46184","type":"image","title":"John Cressler","body":null,"created":"1449174358","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:25:58","changed":"1475894412","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:12","alt":"John Cressler","file":{"fid":"101007","name":"tgr64084.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tgr64084_1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tgr64084_1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1893724,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tgr64084_1.jpg?itok=xLIzSIa9"}}},"media_ids":["46184"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/fac_profiles\/bio.php?id=123","title":"John Cressler"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ieee.org\/","title":"IEEE"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"1187","name":"IEEE"},{"id":"167197","name":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineeering"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["Liz.klipp@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64179":{"#nid":"64179","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Professor Elected to National Academy of Engineering","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWilliam J. \u201cBill\u201d Cook, Chandler Family Chair and professor in the H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, is one of 68 new members and nine foreign associates elected to the National Academy of Engineering (NAE). \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ECook is known widely for his work with the traveling salesman problem and his research in combinatorial optimization and integer programming. In November, Cook was also elected fellow by the Institute for Operational Research and Management Sciences.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ECook joins two Georgia Tech alumni who were also selected for the NAE honor. Parker H. \u0022Pete\u0022 Petit, who earned his bachelor\u2019s degree in mechanical engineering and master\u2019s degree in engineering mechanics, as well as Linda Griffith, a professor of teaching innovation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, who earned her bachelor\u2019s degree in chemical engineering in 1982, were also elected.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EElection to NAE is considered among the highest professional distinctions accorded to an engineer. According to NAE, membership honors those who have made outstanding contributions to \u0022engineering research, practice or education, including, where appropriate, significant contributions to the engineering literature,\u0022 and to the \u0022pioneering of new and developing fields of technology, making major advancements in traditional fields of engineering, or developing\/implementing innovative approaches to engineering education.\u0022\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Two alumni also receive NAE honor"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWilliam J. \u201cBill\u201d Cook, Chandler Family Chair and professor in the H. \nMilton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering, is one of \n68 new members and nine foreign associates elected to the National \nAcademy of Engineering (NAE).\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Two alumni also receive NAE honor."}],"uid":"27281","created_gmt":"2011-02-10 14:30:34","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:10","author":"Lisa Grovenstein","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-10T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-10T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"64180":{"id":"64180","type":"image","title":"William \u0022Bill\u0022 Cook","body":null,"created":"1449176735","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:35","changed":"1475894564","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:44","alt":"William \u0022Bill\u0022 Cook","file":{"fid":"191961","name":"Bill_Cook.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Bill_Cook_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Bill_Cook_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":2445037,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Bill_Cook_0.jpg?itok=s1rXTOvP"}}},"media_ids":["64180"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.isye.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/profile.php?entry=wc115","title":"William \u0022Bill\u0022 Cook"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.nae.edu\/Activities\/MediaRoom\/20095\/42133.aspx","title":"NAE Elects 68 Members"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"}],"keywords":[{"id":"11342","name":"Bill Cook"},{"id":"516","name":"engineering"},{"id":"11866","name":"Industrial Systems and Engineering"},{"id":"1972","name":"NAE"},{"id":"11867","name":"Parker H."},{"id":"512","name":"William Cook"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELisa Grovenstein, 404-894-8835\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lisa.grovenstein@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64186":{"#nid":"64186","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Apica Cardiovascular Receives $5M Investment for Heart Surgery System","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA Georgia Tech and Emory University medical device startup that has developed a system to simplify and standardize the technique for opening and closing the beating heart during cardiac surgery has received a $5.1 million investment.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EApica Cardiovascular has licensed the Georgia Tech\/Emory technology and will further develop the system, which will make the transapical access and closure procedure required for delivering therapeutic devices to the heart more routine for all surgeons. The goal is to expand the use of surgery techniques that are less invasive and do not require stopping the heart.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Our company has leveraged the expertise in cardiovascular technology at Georgia Tech and the clinical experience of surgeons at Emory University to develop a technology that has the potential to revolutionize the delivery of different types of medical devices to the heart, including aortic and mitral valves,\u0022 said the company\u0027s CEO James Greene.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith research and development support from the Coulter Foundation Translational Research Program and the Georgia Research Alliance VentureLab program, the company has already completed a series of pre-clinical studies to test the functionality of the device and its biocompatibility.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe improved heart surgery system consists of a conduit with proprietary technology inside that allows the conduit to be securely attached to the beating heart. Surgeons can then deliver therapeutic devices, such as heart valves or left ventricular assist devices, into the beating heart without loss of blood or exposure to air. Once a therapeutic device has been delivered and surgery is complete, the company\u0027s system closes and seals the access site with a biocompatible implant. The closure site can be reopened if necessary.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022By minimizing the incision size to gain access to the beating heart and eliminating the need for conventional sutures, our system improves safety, decreases procedure time and reduces the technical challenges associated with these new minimally invasive procedures,\u0022 explained Vinod Thourani, an associate professor of surgery and associate director of the Structural Heart Center in Emory University\u0027s Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith the new investment from Ireland-based Seroba Kernel Life Sciences and Israel-based TriVentures, the company will continue to conduct research and pre-clinical trials in Atlanta, ultimately leading up to regulatory approval. These efforts will be led by Jorge H. Jimenez, the chief technology officer of the company, which is in the VentureLab process at ATDC, Georgia Tech\u2019s startup company accelerator.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Our goal is to accelerate and expand the adoption of less-invasive therapeutic procedures to a greater number of surgeons and as a result, many underserved patients will receive needed treatment for valve disease and end-stage heart failure,\u0022 said Ajit Yoganathan, Regents professor and Wallace H. Coulter Distinguished Faculty Chair in Biomedical Engineering in the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe startup will also have an office in Ireland, which will benefit from the strong research collaborations between Georgia Tech, Georgia Tech Ireland and the National University of Ireland, Galway.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We seek to contribute to and benefit from a global innovation ecosystem in ways that accelerate research results to the market while enhancing economic development opportunities here in Georgia,\u0022 said Stephen E. Cross, Georgia Tech\u0027s executive vice president for research. \u0022Apica Cardiovascular is a perfect example of the synergy between our leading edge work in Atlanta, our Irish translational unit GT Ireland, and our partnership with the National University of Ireland, Galway.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EApica Cardiovascular was founded in 2009 based on technology invented by Jimenez, Thourani, Yoganathan and Thomas Vassiliades, who was an associate professor of cardiothoracic surgery at Emory University at the time. The company was named Emory University\u0027s Startup Company of 2010.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAbout ATDC:\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nThe Advanced Technology Development Center (ATDC) is a startup accelerator that helps technology entrepreneurs in Georgia launch and build successful companies. Founded in 1980, ATDC has graduated more than 120 companies, which together have raised more than a billion dollars in outside financing. In 2010, ATDC was named to Forbes Magazine\u2019s list of the \u201c10 technology incubators that are changing the world.\u201d\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"Apica Cardiovascular, a Georgia Tech and Emory University medical device startup, has received a $5.1 million investment. The company\u0027s product simplifies and standardizes the technique for opening and closing the beating heart during cardiac surgery.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech and Emory University medical device startup receives $5M."}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-02-10 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:10","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-10T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-10T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"64187":{"id":"64187","type":"image","title":"Apica Cardiovascular co-founders","body":null,"created":"1449176735","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:35","changed":"1475894564","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:44","alt":"Apica Cardiovascular co-founders","file":{"fid":"191965","name":"tzf68716.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tzf68716_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tzf68716_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1161006,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tzf68716_0.jpg?itok=JAF5uj-l"}},"64188":{"id":"64188","type":"image","title":"Apica Cardiovascular co-founders","body":null,"created":"1449176735","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:35","changed":"1475894564","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:44","alt":"Apica Cardiovascular co-founders","file":{"fid":"191966","name":"tel68716.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tel68716_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tel68716_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1168401,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tel68716_0.jpg?itok=cCIcEvg0"}}},"media_ids":["64187","64188"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.bme.gatech.edu\/","title":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/atdc.org\/","title":"Advanced Technology Development Center"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.bme.gatech.edu\/facultystaff\/faculty_record.php?id=5","title":"Ajit Yoganathan"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.evpr.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Executive Vice President for Research"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"139","name":"Business"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"2582","name":"Ajit Yoganathan"},{"id":"11873","name":"Aortic Valve Replacement"},{"id":"249","name":"Biomedical Engineering"},{"id":"2580","name":"cardiac surgery"},{"id":"2581","name":"cardiology"},{"id":"11876","name":"Cardiothoracic Surgery"},{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"6119","name":"heart valve"},{"id":"11872","name":"Left Ventricular Assist Device"},{"id":"11874","name":"mitral valve replacement"},{"id":"171060","name":"Sutures"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64241":{"#nid":"64241","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Researchers Work Toward Automating Sedation in Intensive Care Units","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology and the Northeast Georgia Medical Center are one step closer to their goal of automating the management of sedation in hospital intensive care units (ICUs). They have developed control algorithms that use clinical data to accurately determine a patient\u0027s level of sedation and can notify medical staff if there is a change in the level.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022ICU nurses have one of the most task-laden jobs in medicine and typically take care of multiple patients at the same time, so if we can use control system technology to automate the task of sedation, patient safety will be enhanced and drug delivery will improve in the ICU,\u0022 said James Bailey, the chief medical informatics officer at the Northeast Georgia Medical Center in Gainesville, Ga. Bailey is also a certified anesthesiologist and intensive care specialist. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDuring a presentation at the IEEE Conference on Decision and Control, the researchers reported on their analysis of more than 15,000 clinical measurements from 366 ICU patients they classified as \u0022agitated\u0022 or \u0022not agitated.\u0022 Agitation is a measure of the level of patient sedation. The algorithm returned the same results as the assessment by hospital staff 92 percent of the time.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Manual sedation control can be tedious, imprecise, time-consuming and sometimes of poor quality, depending on the skills and judgment of the ICU nurse,\u0022 said Wassim Haddad, a professor in the Georgia Tech School of Aerospace Engineering. \u0022Ultimately, we envision an automated system in which the ICU nurse evaluates the ICU patient, enters the patient\u0027s sedation level into a controller, which then adjusts the sedative dosing regimen to maintain sedation at the desired level by continuously collecting and analyzing quantitative clinical data on the patient.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis project is supported in part by the U.S. Army. On the battlefield, military physicians sometimes face demanding critical care situations and the use of advanced control technologies is essential for extending the capabilities of the health care system to handle large numbers of injured soldiers.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWorking with Haddad and Bailey on this project are Allen Tannenbaum and Behnood Gholami.  Tannenbaum holds a joint appointment as the Julian Hightower Chair in the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University, while Gholami is currently a postdoctoral fellow in the Georgia Tech School of Electrical and Computer Engineering.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis research builds on Haddad and Bailey\u0027s previous work automating anesthesia in hospital operating rooms. The adaptive control algorithms developed by Haddad and Bailey control the infusion of an anesthetic drug agent in order to maintain a desired constant level of depth of anesthesia during surgery in the operating room. Clinical trial results that will be published in the March issue of the journal \u003Cem\u003EIEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology \u003C\/em\u003Edemonstrate excellent regulation of unconsciousness allowing for a safe and effective administration of an anesthetic agent. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECritically ill patients in the ICU frequently require invasive monitoring and other support that can lead to anxiety, agitation and pain. Sedation is essential for the comfort and safety of these patients.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The challenge in developing closed-loop control systems for sedating critically ill patients is finding the appropriate performance variable or variables that measure the level of sedation of a patient, in turn allowing an automated controller to provide adequate sedation without oversedation,\u0022 said Gholami.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the ICU, the researchers used information detailing each patient\u0027s facial expression, gross motor movement, response to a potentially noxious stimulus, heart rate and blood pressure stability, noncardiac sympathetic stability, and nonverbal pain scale to determine a level of sedation. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers classified the clinical data for each variable into categories. For example, a patient\u0027s facial expression was categorized as \u0022relaxed,\u0022 \u0022grimacing and moaning,\u0022 or \u0022grimacing and crying.\u0022 A patient\u0027s noncardiac sympathetic stability was classified as \u0022warm and dry skin,\u0022 \u0022flushed and sweaty,\u0022 or \u0022pale and sweaty.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThey also recorded each patient\u0027s score on the motor activity and assessment scale (MAAS), which is used by clinicians to evaluate level of sedation on a scale of zero to six. In the MAAS system, a score of zero represents an \u0022unresponsive patient,\u0022 three represents a \u0022calm and cooperative patient,\u0022 and six represents a \u0022dangerously agitated patient.\u0022 The MAAS score is subjective and can result in inconsistencies and variability in sedation administration.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUsing a Bayesian network, the researchers used the clinical data to compute the probability that a patient was agitated. Twelve-thousand measurements collected from patients admitted to the ICU at the Northeast Georgia Medical Center between during a one-year period were used to train the Bayesian network and the remaining 3,000 were used to test it. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn 18 percent of the test cases, the computer classified a patient as \u0022agitated\u0022 but the MAAS score described the same patient as \u0022not agitated.\u0022 In five percent of the test cases, the computer classified a patient as \u0022not agitated,\u0022 whereas the MAAS score indicated \u0022agitated.\u0022 These probabilities signify an 18 percent false-positive rate and a five percent false-negative rate.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This level of performance would allow a significant reduction in the workload of the intensive care unit nurse, but it would in no way replace the nurse as the ultimate judge of the adequacy of sedation,\u0022 said Bailey. \u0022However, by relieving the nurse of some of the work associated with titration of sedation, it would allow the nurse to better focus on other aspects of his or her demanding job.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers\u0027 next step toward closed-loop control of sedation in the ICU will be to continuously collect clinical data from ICU patients in real time. Future work will involve the development of objective techniques for assessing ICU sedation using movement, facial expression and responsiveness to stimuli.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDigital imaging will be used to assess a patient\u0027s facial expression and also gross motor movement. In a study published in the June 2010 issue of the journal \u003Cem\u003EIEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering\u003C\/em\u003E, the researchers showed that machine learning methods could be used to assess the level of pain in patients using facial expressions.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We will explore the relationship between the data we can extract from these multiple sensors and the subjective clinical MAAS score,\u0022 said Haddad. \u0022We will then use the knowledge we have gained in developing feedback control algorithms for anesthesia dosage levels in the operating room to develop an expert system to automate drug dosage in the ICU.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThis project is supported in part by the U.S. Army Medical Research and Material Command (Grant No. 08108002). The content is solely the responsibility of the principal investigator (Wassim Haddad) and does not necessarily represent the official views of the U.S. Army.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Computer System for Evaluating Sedation Level Shows Strong Agreement with Clinical Assessment"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"Researchers are a step closer to automating sedation in hospital intensive care units. They have developed control algorithms that use clinical data to accurately determine a patient\u0027s level of sedation and can notify medical staff if the level changes.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers step closer to automating sedation in hospital ICUs"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-02-12 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:10","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-14T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-14T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"64242":{"id":"64242","type":"image","title":"Haddad\/Tannenbaum\/Gholami","body":null,"created":"1449176735","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:35","changed":"1475894564","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:44","alt":"Haddad\/Tannenbaum\/Gholami","file":{"fid":"191973","name":"tbh63890.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tbh63890_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tbh63890_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":963223,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tbh63890_0.jpg?itok=CUjwfUw8"}},"64243":{"id":"64243","type":"image","title":"Haddad\/Tannenbaum\/Gholami","body":null,"created":"1449176735","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:35","changed":"1475894564","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:44","alt":"Haddad\/Tannenbaum\/Gholami","file":{"fid":"191974","name":"tfd63890.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tfd63890_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tfd63890_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1179892,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tfd63890_0.jpg?itok=VYJuHp5s"}}},"media_ids":["64242","64243"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ae.gatech.edu\/community\/staff\/bio\/haddad-w","title":"Wassim Haddad"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/faculty-staff\/fac_profiles\/bio.php?id=101","title":"Allen Tannenbaum"},{"url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/TCST.2010.2042810","title":"IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology paper"},{"url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1109\/TBME.2009.2039214","title":"IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering paper"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"136","name":"Aerospace"},{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"147","name":"Military Technology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"2082","name":"aerospace engineering"},{"id":"11910","name":"Agitation"},{"id":"11901","name":"Allen Tannenbaum"},{"id":"7780","name":"anesthesia"},{"id":"11905","name":"automated anesthesia"},{"id":"11907","name":"automated sedation"},{"id":"249","name":"Biomedical Engineering"},{"id":"11911","name":"closed-loop control system"},{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"11903","name":"control algorithm"},{"id":"11904","name":"Intensive Care Unit"},{"id":"11913","name":"Maas"},{"id":"11912","name":"motor activity and assessment scale"},{"id":"11908","name":"Nurse"},{"id":"11909","name":"Nurse Anesthesia"},{"id":"171061","name":"Sedation"},{"id":"11902","name":"Wassim Haddad"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64354":{"#nid":"64354","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech President Shares Insights on Panel at AAAS","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology President G.P. \u201cBud\u201d Peterson will provide insights on how innovation will impact the next generation of young people during the \u201cThe University of the Future\u201d panel discussion at the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). The annual meeting is scheduled for Feb. 17-21 in Washington, D.C.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe three-hour session, designed by Georgia Tech\u2019s Parker H. Petit Distinguished Chair for Engineering in Medicine and Institute Professor Bob Nerem, will be moderated by Nerem and Jim Duderstadt, former president of the University of Michigan, and will include several other university presidents. It will focus on how universities must evolve to be relevant in the future, both to the education of young people and to the broader needs of society, while confronting challenges ranging from the accelerating pace of developments in science, engineering and technology to the ever-increasing global nature of higher education.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u201cOur role as educators is continually challenged and we will be judged by how well we can prepare our students to meet the evolving needs of the world around us,\u201d said Peterson. \u201cWe have an opportunity to shape the future, not only of our institutions, but also for the generations of students who will pass through the doors of our institutions in the years to come.\u201d\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ETwo Georgia Tech faculty members will also make presentations at the AAAS conference. School of Chemistry and Biochemistry Professor Joseph W. Perry will present research on \u201cOrganic Photonic Materials for All-Optical Signal Processing.\u201d The presentation, part of the seminar \u201cFrontiers in Organic Materials for Information Processing, Energy and Sensors,\u201d was organized by Perry and Chemistry and Biochemistry Professor Jean-Luc Bredas, along with a Northwestern University colleague. Julia Kubanek, a professor in Georgia Tech\u2019s School of Biology, will also present \u201cWarding off Disease on Coral Reefs: Antifungal Chemical Cues in Tropical Seaweeds,\u201d part of the symposium \u201cChemically Speaking: How Organisms Talk to Each Other.\u201d\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EIn addition, six Georgia Tech faculty members will be honored as new AAAS Fellows at the meeting, including Gilda A. Barabino, associate chair for graduate studies and professor in the Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering; Stephen P. DeWeerth, professor of biomedical engineering at the Coulter Department, Don P. Giddens, dean of the College of Engineering and biomedical engineering professor in the Coulter Department; Joseph W. Perry, professor of physical, polymer and materials chemistry and optical science; Valerie Thomas, an associate professor of natural systems with a joint appointment in Georgia Tech\u2019s H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering and the School of Public Policy in the Ivan Allen College of Liberal Arts; and Zhuomin Zhang, professor of mechanical engineering.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThe AAAS annual meeting, described as \u201cthe Olympics of science conferences,\u201d features hundreds of top scientists, policy experts and leading educators from some 50 nations.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Peterson focuses comments on the university of the future"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Institute of Technology President G.P. \u201cBud\u201d Peterson will \nprovide insights on how innovation will impact the next generation of \nyoung people during the \u201cThe University of the Future\u201d panel discussion \nat the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). The \nannual meeting is scheduled for Feb. 17-21 in Washington, D.C.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Institute of Technology President G.P. \u201cBud\u201d Peterson will provide insights on how innovation will impact the next generation of young people during the \u201cThe University of the Future\u201d panel discussion at the American Association for the Advan"}],"uid":"27281","created_gmt":"2011-02-18 16:47:25","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:10","author":"Lisa Grovenstein","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-18T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-18T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"39726":{"id":"39726","type":"image","title":"President G.P. \u0022Bud\u0022 Peterson","body":null,"created":"1449174117","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:21:57","changed":"1475894256","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:37:36","alt":"President G.P. \u0022Bud\u0022 Peterson","file":{"fid":"189646","name":"tnb70654.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tnb70654_3.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tnb70654_3.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":929847,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tnb70654_3.jpg?itok=51deZ1uW"}}},"media_ids":["39726"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.aaas.org\/meetings\/","title":"AAAS Annual Meeting"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"132","name":"Institute Leadership"}],"keywords":[{"id":"11968","name":"2011 American Association for the Advancement of Science"},{"id":"1629","name":"AAAS"},{"id":"291","name":"Bud Peterson"},{"id":"1270","name":"conference"},{"id":"341","name":"innovation"},{"id":"1516","name":"Nerem"},{"id":"1893","name":"Peterson"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELisa Grovenstein, 404-894-8835\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lisa.grovenstein@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64407":{"#nid":"64407","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Compounds from Tropical Seaweed May be Promising Anti-malarial Drugs","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA group of chemical compounds used by a species of tropical seaweed to ward off fungus attacks may have promising anti-malarial properties for humans.  The compounds are part of a unique chemical signaling system that seaweeds use to battle enemies -- and that may provide a wealth of potential new pharmaceutical compounds.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUsing a novel analytical process, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology found that the complex antifungal molecules are not distributed evenly across the seaweed surfaces, but instead appear to be concentrated at specific locations \u2013 possibly where an injury increases the risk of fungal infection.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA Georgia Tech scientist reported on the class of compounds, known as bromophycolides, at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Feb. 21, 2011 in Washington, D.C.  The research, supported by the National Institutes of Health, is part of a long-term study of chemical signaling among organisms that are part of coral reef communities.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The language of chemistry in the natural world has been around for billions of years, and it is crucial for the survival of these species,\u0022 said Julia Kubanek, an associate professor in Georgia Tech\u2019s School of Biology and School of Chemistry and Biochemistry.  \u0022We can co-opt these chemical processes for human benefit in the form of new treatments for diseases that affect us.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMore than a million people die each year from malaria, which is caused by the parasite \u003Cem\u003EPlasmodium falciparum\u003C\/em\u003E.   The parasite has developed resistance to many anti-malarial drugs and has begun to show resistance to artemisinin -- today\u0027s most important anti-malarial drug.  The stakes are high because half the world\u0027s population is at risk for the disease.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022These molecules are promising leads for the treatment of malaria, and they operate through an interesting mechanism that we are studying,\u0022 Kubanek explained.  \u0022There are only a couple of drugs left that are effective against malaria in all areas of the world, so we are hopeful that these molecules will continue to show promise as we develop them further as pharmaceutical leads.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn laboratory studies led by Georgia Tech student Paige Stout from Kubanek\u2019s lab -- and in collaboration with California scientists -- the lead molecule has shown promising activity against malaria, and the next step will be to test it in a mouse model of the disease.   As with other potential drug compounds, however, the likelihood that this molecule will have just the right chemistry to be useful in humans is relatively small.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOther Georgia Tech researchers have begun research on synthesizing the compound in the laboratory.  Beyond producing quantities sufficient for testing, laboratory synthesis may be able to modify the compound to improve its activity -- or to lessen any side effects.  Ultimately, yeast or another microorganism may be able to be modified genetically to grow large amounts of bromophycolide.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers found the anti-fungal compounds associated with light-colored patches on the surface of the \u003Cem\u003ECallophycus serratus\u003C\/em\u003E seaweed using a new analytical technique known as desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS).  The technique was developed in the laboratory of Facundo Fernandez, an associate professor in Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Chemistry and Biochemistry.  DESI-MS allowed researchers for the first time to study the unique chemical activity taking place on the surfaces of the seaweeds.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAs part of the project, Georgia Tech scientists have been cataloging and analyzing natural compounds from more than 800 species found in the waters surrounding the Fiji Islands. They were interested in \u003Cem\u003ECallophycus serratus\u003C\/em\u003E because it seemed particularly adept at fighting off microbial infections.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUsing the DESI-MS technique, researchers Leonard Nyadong and Asiri Galhena analyzed samples of the seaweed and found groups of potent anti-fungal compounds. In laboratory testing, graduate student Amy Lane found that these bromophycolide compounds effectively inhibited the growth of \u003Cem\u003ELindra thalassiae\u003C\/em\u003E, a common marine fungus.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The alga is marshalling its defenses and displaying them in a way that blocks the entry points for microbes that might invade and cause disease,\u0022 Kubanek said. \u0022Seaweeds don\u0027t have immune responses like humans do. But instead, they have some chemical compounds in their tissues to protect them.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThough all the seaweed they studied was from a single species, the researchers were surprised to find two distinct groups of anti-fungal chemicals. From one seaweed sub-population, dubbed the \u0022bushy\u0022 type for its appearance, 23 different anti-fungal compounds were identified. In a second group of seaweed, the researchers found 10 different anti-fungal compounds \u2014 all different from the ones seen in the first group.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the DESI-MS technique, a charged stream of polar solvent is directed at the surface of a sample under study at ambient pressure and temperature. The spray desorbs molecules, which are then ionized and delivered to the mass spectrometer for analysis.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Our collaborative team of researchers from the Department of Biomedical Engineering and the College of Sciences has worked within the newly-formed Bioimaging Mass Spectrometry Center at Georgia Tech to better understand the mechanisms of chemical defenses in marine organisms,\u0022 said Fernandez. \u0022This is an example of cross-cutting interdisciplinary research that characterizes our institute.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKubanek is hopeful that other useful compounds will emerge from the study of signaling compounds in the coral reef community.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022In the natural world, we have seaweed that is making these molecules and we have fungi that are trying to colonize, infect and perhaps use the seaweed as a substrate for its own growth,\u0022 Kubanek said.  \u0022The seaweed uses these molecules to try to prevent the fungus from doing this, so there is an interaction between the seaweed and the fungus.  These molecules function like words in a language, communicating between the seaweed and the fungus.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Robinson (404-385-3364)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA group of chemical compounds used by a species of tropical seaweed to ward off fungus attacks may have promising anti-malarial properties for humans.  The compounds are part of a unique chemical signaling system that seaweeds use to battle enemies.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Tropical seaweed may be the source for a new antimalarial drug."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-02-21 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:10","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-21T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-21T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"64408":{"id":"64408","type":"image","title":"Julia Kubanek with seaweed samples.","body":null,"created":"1449176735","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:35","changed":"1475894567","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:47","alt":"Julia Kubanek with seaweed samples.","file":{"fid":"191998","name":"tcp25104.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tcp25104_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tcp25104_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1098530,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tcp25104_0.jpg?itok=V92HxG6r"}},"64409":{"id":"64409","type":"image","title":"Preparing extract from seaweed","body":null,"created":"1449176735","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:35","changed":"1475894567","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:47","alt":"Preparing extract from seaweed","file":{"fid":"191999","name":"tfp25104.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tfp25104_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tfp25104_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1584239,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tfp25104_0.jpg?itok=taqtqYGi"}}},"media_ids":["64408","64409"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.biology.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Biology"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.biology.gatech.edu\/people\/index.php?id=julia-kubanek","title":"Julia Kubanek"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"141","name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering"},{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"7489","name":"anti-malarial"},{"id":"11993","name":"antifungal"},{"id":"692","name":"drug"},{"id":"4211","name":"fiji"},{"id":"4647","name":"Julia Kubanek"},{"id":"169448","name":"seaweed"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64427":{"#nid":"64427","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Named Best Value By Princeton Review","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Institute of Technology is one of\nthe 100 higher education institutions that The Princeton Review has selected\nfor its \u201cBest Values Colleges of 2011\u201d list.\u0026nbsp;\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;Georgia Tech ranked among the top 50 public\nschools.\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe\nBest Value Colleges for 2011 were selected based upon institutional data and\nstudent opinion surveys collected from\u0026nbsp;Fall 2009 through Fall 2010. Broadly\nspeaking, the factors weighed covered undergraduate academics, costs and financial\naid.\u0026nbsp;Additionally, Princeton Review considered the percentage of\ngraduating seniors who borrowed from any loan program and the average dollar\namount of debt those students had at graduation.\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Institute of Technology is one of\nthe 100 higher education institutions that The Princeton Review has selected\nfor its \u201cBest Values Colleges of 2011\u201d list.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"The Princeton Review has selected Georgia Tech for its \u201cBest Values Colleges of 2011\u201d list."}],"uid":"27304","created_gmt":"2011-02-22 10:30:15","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:10","author":"Matthew Nagel","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-22T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-22T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"62801":{"id":"62801","type":"image","title":"Tech Tower Web Feature","body":null,"created":"1449176394","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:59:54","changed":"1475894547","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:27","alt":"Tech Tower Web Feature","file":{"fid":"191672","name":"Tech_Tower_WebFeature.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Tech_Tower_WebFeature_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/Tech_Tower_WebFeature_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":149983,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/Tech_Tower_WebFeature_0.jpg?itok=jncbZNG2"}}},"media_ids":["62801"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.princetonreview.com\/","title":"Princeton Review"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/admissions\/","title":"Admissions"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1644","name":"Best Values"},{"id":"109","name":"Georgia Tech"},{"id":"1882","name":"Princeton Review"},{"id":"834","name":"Rankings"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["MattNagel@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"63907":{"#nid":"63907","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Study Suggests New Treatment Option for Ovarian Cancer","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA paper published in the January issue of the journal \u003Cem\u003ENanomedicine\u003C\/em\u003E could provide the foundation for a new ovarian cancer treatment option -- one that would use an outside-the-body filtration device to remove a large portion of the free-floating cancer cells that often create secondary tumors.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have formed a startup company and are working with a medical device firm to design a prototype treatment system that would use magnetic nanoparticles engineered to capture cancer cells.  Added to fluids removed from a patient\u0027s abdomen, the magnetic nanoparticles would latch onto the free-floating cancer cells, allowing both the nanoparticles and cancer cells to be removed by magnetic filters before the fluids are returned to the patient\u0027s body.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn mice with free-floating ovarian cancer cells, a single treatment with an early prototype of the nanoparticle-magnetic filtration system captured enough of the cancer cells that the treated mice lived nearly a third longer than untreated ones.  The researchers expect multiple treatments to extend the longevity benefit, though additional research will be needed to document that -- and determine the best treatment options.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Almost no one dies from primary ovarian cancer,\u0022 said John McDonald, a professor in Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Biology and chief research scientist of Atlanta\u0027s Ovarian Cancer Institute.  \u0022You can remove the primary cancer, but the problem is metastasis.  A good deal of the metastasis in ovarian cancer comes from cancer cells sloughing off into the abdominal cavity and spreading the disease that way.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe removal system being developed by McDonald and postdoctoral fellow Ken Scarberry -- who is also CEO of startup company Sub-Micro -- should slow tumor progression in humans.  It may reduce the number of free-floating cancer cells enough that other treatments, and the body\u0027s own immune system, could keep the disease under control.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022If you can reduce metastasis, you can improve the lifespan of the person with the disease and get a better chance of treating it effectively,\u0022 said McDonald.  \u0022One goal is to make cancer a chronic disease that can be effectively treated over an extended period of time.  If we can\u0027t cure it, perhaps we can help people to live with it.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEarlier \u003Cem\u003Ein vitro\u003C\/em\u003E studies published by the authors of the \u003Cem\u003ENanomedicine\u003C\/em\u003E paper showed that the magnetic nanoparticles could selectively remove human ovarian cancer cells from ascites fluid, which builds up in the peritoneal cavities of ovarian cancer patients.  The nanoparticles are engineered with ligands that allow them to selectively attach to cancer cells.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers believe that treating fluid removed from the body avoids potential toxicity problems that could result from introducing the nanoparticles into the body, though further studies are needed to confirm that the treatment would have no adverse effects.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe recently reported study in \u003Cem\u003ENanomedicine\u003C\/em\u003E used three sets of female mice to study the benefit of the nanoparticle-magnetic filtration system. Each mouse was injected with approximately 500,000 murine ovarian cancer cells, which multiply rapidly -- each cell doubling within approximately 15 hours.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn the experimental group, the researchers -- who included research scientist Roman Mezencev -- removed fluid from the abdomens of the mice immediately after injection of the cancer cells.  They then added the magnetic nanoparticles to the fluid, allowed them to mix, then magnetically removed the nanoparticles along with the attached cancer cells before returning the fluid. The steps were repeated six times for each mouse.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOne control group received no treatment at all, while a second control group underwent the same treatment as the experimental group -- but without the magnetic nanoparticles.  Mice in the two control groups survived a median of 37 days, while the treated mice lived 12 days longer -- a 32 percent increase in longevity.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThough much more research must be done before the technique can be tested in humans, McDonald and Scarberry envision a system very similar to what kidney dialysis patients now use, but with a buffer solution circulated through the peritoneal cavity to pick up the cancer cells.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022What we are developing is akin to hemofiltration or peritoneal dialysis in which the patient could come into a clinic and be hooked up to the device a couple of times a week,\u0022 said Scarberry.  \u0022The treatment is not heavily invasive, so it could be repeated often.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe new treatment could be used in conjunction with existing chemotherapy and radiation.  Reducing the number of free-floating cancer cells could allow a reduction in chemotherapy, which often has debilitating side effects, Scarberry said.  The new treatment system could be used to capture spilled cancer cells immediately after surgery on a primary tumor.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers hope to have a prototype circulation and filtration device ready for testing within three years.  After that will come studies into the best treatment regimen, examining such issues as the number of magnetic nanoparticles to use, the number of treatments and treatment spacing.  If those are successful, the company will work with the FDA to design human clinical trials.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers also studying how their magnetic nanoparticles could be engineered to capture ovarian cancer stem cells, which are not affected by existing chemotherapy.  Removing those cells could help eliminate a potent source of new cancer cells.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research has been supported by the Georgia Research Alliance (GRA), the Ovarian Cancer Institute, the Robinson Family Foundation and the Deborah Nash Harris Endowment.  A member of Georgia Tech\u2019s ATDC startup accelerator program and a GRA VentureLab company, Sub-Micro has also raised private funding to support its prototype development.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EChallenges ahead include ensuring that nanoparticles cannot bypass the filtration system to enter the body, and controlling the risk of infection caused by opening the peritoneal cavity.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond cancer, the researchers believe their approach could be useful for treating other diseases in which a reduction in circulating cancer cells or virus particles could be useful.  Using magnetic nanoparticles engineered to capture HIV could help reduce viral content in the bloodstream, for instance.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022A technology like this has many different possibilities,\u0022 said Scarberry.  \u0022We are currently developing the technology to control the metastatic spread of ovarian cancer, but once we have a device that can efficiently and effectively isolate cancer cells from circulating fluids, including blood, we would have other opportunities.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Robinson (404-385-3364)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EA paper published in the January issue of the journal Nanomedicine could provide the foundation for a new ovarian cancer treatment option -- using an outside-the-body filtration device to remove a large portion of free-floating cancer cells.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Nanoparticle-based device could offer new ovarian cancer treatment."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-01-26 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:06","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-01-26T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-01-26T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"63908":{"id":"63908","type":"image","title":"Schematic of magnetic nanoparticle treatment","body":null,"created":"1449176708","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:08","changed":"1475894561","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:41","alt":"Schematic of magnetic nanoparticle treatment","file":{"fid":"191891","name":"tfv95918.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tfv95918_1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tfv95918_1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":696018,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tfv95918_1.jpg?itok=umR_K1lb"}},"63909":{"id":"63909","type":"image","title":"Examining data from cancer study","body":null,"created":"1449176708","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:08","changed":"1475894561","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:41","alt":"Examining data from cancer study","file":{"fid":"191892","name":"tmv95918.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tmv95918_1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tmv95918_1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1314685,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tmv95918_1.jpg?itok=aan2orF-"}},"63910":{"id":"63910","type":"image","title":"Nanoparticles attracted to magnet","body":null,"created":"1449176708","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:08","changed":"1475894561","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:41","alt":"Nanoparticles attracted to magnet","file":{"fid":"191893","name":"tdo95918.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tdo95918_1.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tdo95918_1.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":767635,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tdo95918_1.jpg?itok=14Z_P_aD"}}},"media_ids":["63908","63909","63910"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/ovariancancerinstitute.org\/","title":"Ovarian Cancer Institute"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.biology.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Biology"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.biology.gatech.edu\/people\/index.php?id=john-mcdonald","title":"John McDonald"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.gra.org\/","title":"Georgia Research Alliance"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"140","name":"Cancer Research"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"}],"keywords":[{"id":"277","name":"Biology"},{"id":"11764","name":"filtration"},{"id":"2371","name":"John McDonald"},{"id":"10845","name":"magnetic nanoparticles"},{"id":"10364","name":"Metastasis"},{"id":"2372","name":"ovarian cancer"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64007":{"#nid":"64007","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech earns ranking on Peace Corps 2011 top universities list","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech is ranked on the\n2011 Peace Corps top 25 list of medium-sized American universities producing\nPeace Corps volunteers. With 22 alumni currently serving as Peace Corps\nvolunteers, Georgia Tech is No. 24 in the 2011 rankings. \u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe Institute is also ranked 10\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E in the\nSoutheast Region among over 250 colleges and universities of all sizes located\nin Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, South Carolina and Puerto\nRico.\u0026nbsp; Since Peace Corps was founded in 1961, 240 Georgia Tech alumni have volunteered with the organization.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EApproximately\n8,600 volunteers are currently serving in 77 countries \u2013 a 40-year high,\naccording to the Peace Corps. Celebrating\nits 50\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E anniversary, the Peace Corps was established in 1961 by President\nJohn F. Kennedy to promote world peace and friendship. To learn more about the\nPeace Corps, visit \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.peacecorps.gov\/\u0022\u003Ewww.peacecorps.gov\u003C\/a\u003E.\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"Tech is No. 24 in rankings for mid-sized universities"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech is ranked on the\n2011 Peace Corps top 25 list of medium-sized American universities producing\nPeace Corps volunteers. With 22 alumni currently serving as Peace Corps\nvolunteers, Georgia Tech is No. 24 in the 2011 rankings.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech is ranked on the 2011 Peace Corps top 25 list of medium-sized American universities producing Peace Corps volunteers."}],"uid":"27281","created_gmt":"2011-02-01 18:10:34","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:06","author":"Lisa Grovenstein","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-01T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-01T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.peacecorps.gov\/","title":"Peace Corps"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"}],"keywords":[{"id":"109","name":"Georgia Tech"},{"id":"11800","name":"Peace Corps"},{"id":"2456","name":"ranking"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELisa Grovenstein, 404-894-8835\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lisa.grovenstein@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64044":{"#nid":"64044","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Semester Test of Georgia Tech Emergency Notification System Today at 11 AM","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech will be testing its Emergency Notification System today at 11 am.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E1. GTENS-Depending on your opt in choices to the GTENS system, you will\u003Cbr \/\u003Ereceive an email message, a voice message (30 seconds long, please do\u003Cbr \/\u003Enot hang up, computer needs that time to determine a live delivery or to\u003Cbr \/\u003Evoice mail), and a text message. This is a semester test.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E2. SCREAM-will provide an alert message to: classroom projectors logged\u003Cbr \/\u003Ein to the GT network, computer clusters on campus, and digital signs\u003Cbr \/\u003Earound campus.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E3. Siren Warning System-All seven speaker locations will be tested one at \u003Cbr \/\u003Ea time, then each speaker location will have a live voice test. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EThen all seven speaker locations will be tested at the same time, playing a test\u003Cbr \/\u003Emessage at least twice or more times to ensure the system is operational. \u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E4. Cable TV Alert System-will show a test message for 30 seconds.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E5. The testing of all system will be completed by or before 11:30 am.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EFor more information on emergency preparedness, visit\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/emergency\u0022 target=\u0022_blank\u0022\u003Ewww.gatech.edu\/emergency\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESemester Test of Georgia Tech Emergency Notification System\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":"","uid":"27310","created_gmt":"2011-02-03 11:29:30","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:06","author":"David Terraso","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-03T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-03T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1220","name":"emergency notification"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ELisa Grovenstein\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECommunications and Marketing\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E404-894-8835\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["lisa.grovenstein@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64054":{"#nid":"64054","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Atlanta Company Pioneers Medical Devices with Georgia Tech Help","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ECardioMEMS, a graduate of Georgia Tech\u0027s ATDC startup accelerator, is a rising star in the medical device industry. Pioneering a new class of monitoring devices for heart patients, the company completed a successful clinical trial in May 2010 for its second product, which resulted in a $60 million equity investment and purchase option from St. Jude Medical Inc., a large medical device company based in St. Paul, Minn.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThat investment earned the company a 2011 \u0022Deal of the Year\u0022 award from Georgia Bio, a nonprofit association that represents Georgia\u0027s pharmaceutical, biotech and medical device community.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECardioMEMS, which has more than 65 employees, grew out of Georgia Tech research. The company\u0027s products combine wireless communications technology with microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) fabrication, providing doctors with more information while making monitoring less invasive for patients. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMEMS uses micro-machining fabrication to build electrical and mechanical systems at the micron scale -- one-millionth of a meter. Using technology originally developed for the integrated circuit industry, MEMS is an attractive platform for medical devices because mechanical, sensing and computational functions can be placed on a single chip.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECardioMEMS began marketing its first product in 2006: the EndoSure sensor, which measures blood pressure inside a repaired abdominal aortic aneurysm. Implanted along with a stent graft during endovascular repair, this tiny sensor may allow doctors to monitor post-surgery patients more effectively than the CT scans that had previously been used. The EndoSure sensor is also less expensive and more convenient. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ENow the company\u0027s second product, a sensor that measures intracardiac pressure in people who suffer from congestive heart failure, is moving closer to FDA approval.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EImplanted in the pulmonary artery, CardioMEMS\u0027 new heart sensor enables Class III heart-failure patients (considered to be in the moderate stage of heart failure) to take daily intracardiac pressure readings at home. This information is transmitted to a website, which enables physicians to monitor patients more effectively and alter medications when necessary. In fact, results from the recent clinical study showed a 40 percent reduction in hospitalizations when doctors used data from CardioMEMS\u0027 system to treat patients.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELaunched in 2001, CardioMEMS was co-founded by Dr. Jay Yadav, a cardiologist and director at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation at the time, and Mark Allen, a professor in Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Electrical and Computer Engineering and director of the school\u0027s MEMS research group. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDue to the unique nature of its technology, CardioMEMS elected to locate in Atlanta to be close to Allen and his students. ATDC accepted CardioMEMS into its incubator program shortly after the startup\u0027s formation.  The Georgia Research Alliance assisted with an industry partnership grant early in the company\u0027s development.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022ATDC has played an important role in CardioMEMS\u0027 success, especially during our early years,\u0022 said David Stern, CardioMEMS\u0027 senior vice president for scientific affairs and one of the company\u0027s first full-time employees. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBioscience companies face unique challenges, Stern explained: They have greater needs for capital, face higher technical risks and typically need FDA or other regulatory approval before they can market their products or services. And unlike many entrepreneurs that can start their companies in a garage or home office, bioscience companies require special facilities. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECardioMEMS was among the first tenants in ATDC\u0027s Biosciences Center, located within Georgia Tech\u0027s Environmental Science \u0026amp; Technology (ES\u0026amp;T) research center, which enabled the company to access wet labs equipped with special ventilation and purified water systems. CardioMEMS was also able to use Georgia Tech clean rooms for micromachining.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf CardioMEMS had been required to build its own clean room, it would have cost millions of dollars and delayed R\u0026amp;D for months, Stern said. In addition, Georgia Tech\u0027s clean rooms have a broad array of specialized equipment, which enabled CardioMEMS to execute its prototyping faster -- and try different equipment to see what it would ultimately need to invest in.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe physical proximity to other entrepreneurs and researchers in ES\u0026amp;T was also a plus. \u0022At one point we were next to another medical-device company, so it was easy for our staffs to have impromptu discussions walking down the hallways,\u0022 Stern said. Being on Georgia Tech\u0027s campus gave CardioMEMS access to a deep talent pool, and enabled the company to hire professors as consultants, graduate students as permanent employees and current students as interns.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAn important aspect of being able to use Georgia Tech facilities and hire talent was the lack of red tape. \u0022With most institutions, that becomes very complicated and you can spend a lot of time negotiating contracts rather than getting work done,\u0022 Stern explained. \u0022Yet ATDC was able to make it all really easy.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This may sound like a minor point, but it\u0027s not,\u0022 said Stern, noting that startup is a crucial time for any company, but especially for a biotech firm. \u0022It\u0027s during those early years that you have the least amount of money -- and the most to accomplish. You don\u0027t want to waste time or money on anything that doesn\u0027t involve progressing R\u0026amp;D or acquiring talent.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EToday CardioMEMS is located in Technology Enterprise Park, a biobusiness complex located south of the Georgia Tech campus, and FDA approval of its heart sensor would position the company for considerable growth. The heart sensor has faced a longer road to commercialization than the company\u0027s first product, however, its market potential is dramatically larger, said Stern, citing a patient population of more than 1.5 million compared to about 30,000 for the EndoSure sensor. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAlthough CardioMEMS is already contributing to Georgia\u0027s economy by generating new high-tech jobs, the company\u0027s success has broader implications, observed Nina Sawczuk, ATDC general manager.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe $100 billion U.S. medical device industry is made up of thousands of small and medium-sized enterprises and a few large players. \u0022Medical device companies are located throughout the country, but concentrated in specific regions known for other high-technology industries, such as microelectronics and biotechnology,\u0022 Sawczuk explained. \u0022Georgia is among the top 10 states with the highest number of medical device companies and our focus is on supporting the small, innovative companies.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo this end Georgia Tech has partnered with Saint Joseph\u0027s Translational Research Institute, Piedmont Healthcare and the Georgia Research Alliance to launch the Global Center for Medical Innovation (GCMI), an initiative aimed at accelerating the development of next-generation medical devices and technology in the Southeast. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022CardioMEMS is a catalyst for developing a next generation medical-device industry hub in Georgia,\u0022 Sawczuk continued. \u0022CardioMEMS marries MEMS technology with more traditional medical device technology. This is particularly exciting because the company is creating a new type of wireless product that is the future of the medical device industry. It is success stories such as CardioMEMS that the GCMI plans to replicate in the Southeast.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Robinson (404-385-3364)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: T.J. Becker\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"CardioMEMS Produces Implantable Monitoring Devices for Heart Patients"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EAn Atlanta medical device company that is based on Georgia Tech research has become an industry rising star, with a new product moving toward approval -- and more than 65 employees.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"A Georgia Tech-based company is a leader in medical devices."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-02-03 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:06","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-03T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-03T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"64055":{"id":"64055","type":"image","title":"CardioMEMS inspection","body":null,"created":"1449176720","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:20","changed":"1475894561","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:41","alt":"CardioMEMS inspection","file":{"fid":"191923","name":"taf58980.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/taf58980_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/taf58980_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1381825,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/taf58980_0.jpg?itok=R_txrWKy"}}},"media_ids":["64055"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.atdc.org\/","title":"ATDC"},{"url":"http:\/\/cmmt.gatech.edu\/","title":"Center for MEMS and Microsystems Technology"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"},{"id":"139","name":"Business"},{"id":"131","name":"Economic Development and Policy"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"4238","name":"atdc"},{"id":"7672","name":"CardioMEMS"},{"id":"1925","name":"Electrical and Computer Engineering"},{"id":"2313","name":"Mark Allen"},{"id":"527","name":"medical"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64072":{"#nid":"64072","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Severe Weather Awareness Week","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EWith a very active and cold\nwinter weather season, it is hard to believe that our severe weather season is\nsoon upon us. Together with the\u0026nbsp;National Weather Service and the\nGeorgia Emergency Management Agency (GEMA), the Georgia Tech Office of\nEmergency Preparedness encourages all Georgia Tech students, faculty and staff\nto become better prepared for severe weather. To this end, we are\npromoting awareness within departments and buildings on campus, focusing on\nbasic preparedness. You can assist us with two major items:\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESevere Weather Awareness Week at Georgia\nTech: \u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EFebruary 7th\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E - 11th\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EOn \u003Cstrong\u003EFebruary 8\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;and\u003Cstrong\u003E\u0026nbsp;9\u003C\/strong\u003E, the Office of Emergency Preparedness\u0026nbsp;will be at the Campus Recreation Center distributing\ninformation about Severe Weather and personal preparedness.\u0026nbsp; If you are in\nthe area, please stop by and say hello!\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EOn \u003Cstrong\u003EThursday, February 10\u003C\/strong\u003E, the Office of Emergency Preparedness is\u0026nbsp;conducting a brownbag class\u0026nbsp;entitled, \u0022Identifying and Reporting\nSevere Weather.\u0022\u0026nbsp; This will be in the Piedmont Room of the Student Center from 11:30 a.m. - 12:30 p.m. You can sign up for the class at \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.trainsweb.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ewww.trainsweb.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E.\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Ch3\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ENew Emergency Response\nGuidebook\u003C\/strong\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/h3\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EBefore Christmas, we published the newly\ncreated\u0026nbsp;Emergency Response Guidebook.\u0026nbsp; The\u0026nbsp;GT Emergency Response\nGuidebook is a quick reference guide that instructs students, faculty and staff\non the immediate actions to take during various emergencies on campus.\u0026nbsp;\nThe Guidebook is not meant to replace existing campus emergency plans, but to\nprovide easier access to the information, in a short quick reference\nformat.\u0026nbsp; \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EWe encourage you all to\ndownload a copy of the Guide here:\u0026nbsp; \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.police.gatech.edu\/emergencypreparedness\/resources\/documents\/guidebook.pdf\u0022\u003Ehttp:\/\/www.police.gatech.edu\/emergencypreparedness\/resources\/documents\/guidebook.pdf\u003C\/a\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EAlso, if your department is\ninterested, we have set up the document for printing\u0026nbsp;in larger quantities\nat OIT\u0027s \u0026nbsp;Print and Copy Services. Copies of the guide are in a\nspiral bound, with a clear plastic cover and tabs for each section. Just\ncall \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.pcs.gatech.edu\/\u0022\u003EPrinting and Copying Services\u003C\/a\u003E and ask for the Emergency Response\nGuidebook.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ESevere weather can affect\nanyone.\u0026nbsp; Taking simple steps like\ndetermining where you will shelter during a tornado warning, having a disaster\nsupply kit and signing up for emergency notification can enhance every\nindividuals ability to respond to and recover from a severe weather event.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ETogether with the\u0026nbsp;National Weather Service and the Georgia Emergency Management Agency (GEMA), the Georgia Tech Office of Emergency Preparedness encourages all Georgia Tech students, faculty and staff to become better prepared for severe weather.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech Office of Emergency Preparedness encourages all Georgia Tech students, faculty and staff to become better prepared for severe weather"}],"uid":"27299","created_gmt":"2011-02-04 11:56:40","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:06","author":"Michael Hagearty","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-04T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-04T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.emergencypreparedness.gatech.edu\/","title":"Office of Emergency Preparedness"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[{"id":"8743","name":"emergency preparedness"},{"id":"169297","name":"severe weather"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jennifer.mattingly@police.gatech.edu\u0022\u003EJennifer Mattingly\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EOffice of Emergency Preparedness\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-385-7675\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"64138":{"#nid":"64138","#data":{"type":"news","title":"GTRI Supports Health Resources Systems in Kenya and Zimbabwe","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers from the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are helping to automate human resource information systems for health care professionals in two African nations, Kenya and Zimbabwe.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn collaboration with Emory University\u0027s Lillian Carter Center for International Nursing and the Task Force for Global Health, GTRI is evaluating and advising on computer systems developed to provide information for better human resource management, policy development and health planning.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe aim of the Kenyan effort, called the Kenya Health Work Force Project (KHWFP), is to move information on the nation\u0027s health care professionals from a decentralized paper system to a computer database. This human resources information system would help Kenyan authorities manage and deploy critical personnel such as nurses, physicians and others. That capability, in turn, would bolster the nation\u2019s battle against multiple heath challenges, including HIV\/AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe KHWFP is supported by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and implemented through the Lillian Carter Center.  It is funded through the CDC by the President\u0027s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), launched by former President George W. Bush in 2002.   \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe project has made substantial progress.  A custom software database -- the Kenya Health Care Work Force Informatics System -- has been developed by KHWFP using local Kenyan programmers.  In early 2009, GTRI joined the effort to carry out an independent software evaluation of the new system.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Before the Kenya Health Work Force Project can be completed, we need to show that its information-systems software will effectively support Kenya\u0027s health care effort and perform according to expectations,\u0022 said Martha F. Rogers, M.D., a professor in Emory\u0027s Nell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing and principal investigator for the workforce-informatics project. \u0022The GTRI team is helping us reach that goal by testing and evaluating both the software and the overall usability of the system.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKenya\u0027s health-care system follows a centralized model, explained Christopher Skeels, a research scientist who leads the evaluation work for GTRI. Health care personnel records have traditionally been kept on several paper-based systems at government organizations that track multiple aspects of health care professionals\u0027 training and professional practice.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EStarting with the Nursing Council of Kenya\u0027s records, the new informatics software is in the process of transferring the paper systems\u0027 functionality to an online database. The aim is to maintain all information on that database and phase out the paper system.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIf the new approach is successful, all of Kenya\u0027s health care workforce records would be automated using a similar approach.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI team found that off-the-shelf software-evaluation programs and protocols weren\u0027t right for testing the Kenyan informatics system. Existing products were costly and didn\u0027t apply well to situations like Kenya\u0027s, where technical capacity and infrastructure are still developing. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022As a result, we had the opportunity to design a software-evaluation protocol from scratch, based on the international ISO standard for such evaluations,\u0022 Skeels said. \u0022We spent half a year developing a full protocol, so that we could test whether the Kenyan informatics system was ready to do its job and capable of being adapted and upgraded down the road.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to testing the Kenyan software in a Georgia Tech lab, the GTRI team visited Kenya to evaluate how beta versions of the informatics software were faring at the Nursing Council.  The team examined the existing IT environment -- hardware, software, network specifications and hardware placement -- and conducted extensive interviews with council personnel.  The result was the Nursing Council of Kenya Transition Assessment Report, authored by Skeels, Rogers, and GTRI researchers Heyward Adams, Robert Delano and Philip Marquardt.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe team found a number of areas that needed attention. These included issues with the workforce informatics software itself in the areas of usability, maintainability and portability. In addition, the assessment report pointed to several network and user training challenges, and some IT-infrastructure concerns as well.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAmong the more pressing issues is the fact that Kenya\u0027s plans call for the workforce software to be adapted for use by other Ministry of Health groups such as those overseeing doctors and clinical technicians, Skeels noted.  Thus, a key task will involve making sure the software can be readily maintained and updated by programmers other than the original developer, and confirming that the code can be ported to a variety of operating systems.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022While we found  a number of significant areas that need to be addressed, we\u0027re confident that the Kenya Health Work Force Project can be completed successfully,\u0022 Skeels said.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI team made a number of recommendations in the areas of hardware, information-technology software and capacity and management issues.  A new contract with Emory calls for GTRI researchers to support Kenyan developers and the Nursing Council IT staff in implementing those recommendations during 2011. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We will actively brainstorm and design with the Kenyan programmers -- working face-to-face in Kenya and also via email and telephone -- to help them address these issues,\u0022 Skeels said.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn another project also sponsored by the CDC and PEPFAR, GTRI is working with Judith Wold, a clinical professor at the Emory School of Nursing\u0027s Lillian Carter Center for International Nursing, to help establish a health care workforce database system in Zimbabwe. A GTRI team first travelled to Zimbabwe in July 2009 with Wold, who is principal investigator on the Zimbabwe project, to discuss the work with government officials there.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022That project is moving forward, and we\u0027re very excited about it,\u0022 Skeels said. \u0022We will be in on the ground floor, advising Zimbabwean developers on the design of a database model and a user-interface model tailored to the needs of that nation\u2019s health care system.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe Republic of Kenya, located in east Africa, ranks 33rd in the world in terms of population with 38.6 million people and has a land area of 224,081 square miles.  The Republic of Zimbabwe in southern Africa has a population of 12.6 million people and a land area of 150,872 square miles.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Assistance\u003C\/strong\u003E: Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: Rick Robinson\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers from the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) are helping to automate human resource information systems for health care professionals in two African nations, Kenya and Zimbabwe.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech is helping two African nations with database technology."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-02-08 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:06","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-02-08T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-02-08T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"64139":{"id":"64139","type":"image","title":"Working on human resource software","body":null,"created":"1449176720","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:20","changed":"1475894564","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:44","alt":"Working on human resource software","file":{"fid":"191949","name":"trv96760.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/trv96760_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/trv96760_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1772485,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/trv96760_0.jpg?itok=LTyY_dqW"}},"64140":{"id":"64140","type":"image","title":"Assisting Zimbabwe","body":null,"created":"1449176720","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:20","changed":"1475894564","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:44","alt":"Assisting Zimbabwe","file":{"fid":"191950","name":"tuy96760.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tuy96760_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tuy96760_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1019542,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tuy96760_0.jpg?itok=BCeOXTKh"}},"64141":{"id":"64141","type":"image","title":"Working on human resource software","body":null,"created":"1449176720","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:20","changed":"1475894564","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:44","alt":"Working on human resource software","file":{"fid":"191951","name":"tmg96760.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tmg96760_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tmg96760_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1151485,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tmg96760_0.jpg?itok=WDK5YLbd"}}},"media_ids":["64139","64140","64141"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1542","name":"database"},{"id":"416","name":"GTRI"},{"id":"398","name":"health"},{"id":"1620","name":"Information"},{"id":"8766","name":"kenya"},{"id":"11850","name":"Zimbabwe"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"63516":{"#nid":"63516","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Software Quantifies Leaf Vein Networks, Enables Plant Biology Advances","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EPlant biologists are facing pressure to quantify the response of plants to changing environments and to breed plants that can respond to such changes. One method of monitoring the response of plants to different environments is by studying their vein network patterns. These networks impact whole plant photosynthesis and the mechanical properties of leaves, and vary between species that have evolved or have been bred under different environmental conditions.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo help address the challenge of how to quickly examine a large quantity of leaves, researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a user-assisted software tool that extracts information about macroscopic vein structures directly from leaf images. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The software can be used to help identify genes responsible for key leaf venation network traits and to test ecological and evolutionary hypotheses regarding the structure and function of leaf venation networks,\u0022 said Joshua Weitz, an assistant professor in the Georgia Tech School of Biology.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe program, called Leaf Extraction and Analysis Framework Graphical User Interface (LEAF GUI), enables scientists and breeders to measure the properties of thousands of veins much more quickly than manual image analysis tools. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDetails of the LEAF GUI software program were published in the \u0022Breakthrough Technologies\u0022 section of the January issue of the journal \u003Cem\u003EPlant Physiology\u003C\/em\u003E. Development of the software, which is available for download at \u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.leafgui.org\u0022 title=\u0022www.leafgui.org\u0022\u003Ewww.leafgui.org\u003C\/a\u003E, was supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the Burroughs Welcome Fund.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELEAF GUI is a user-assisted software tool that takes an image of a leaf and, following a series of interactive steps to clean up the image, returns information on the structure of that leaf\u0027s vein networks. Structural measurements include the dimensions, position and connectivity of all network veins, and the dimensions, shape and position of all non-vein areas, called areoles. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The network extraction algorithms in LEAF GUI enable users with no technical expertise in image analysis to quantify the geometry of entire leaf networks -- overcoming what was previously a difficult task due to the size and complexity of leaf venation patterns,\u0022 said the paper\u0027s lead author Charles Price, who worked on the project as a postdoctoral fellow at Georgia Tech. Price is now an assistant professor of plant biology at the University of Western Australia.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile the Georgia Tech research team is currently using the software to extract network and areole information from leaves imaged under a wide range of conditions, LEAF GUI could also be used for other purposes, such as leaf classification and description.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Because the software and the underlying code are freely available, other investigators have the option of modifying methods as necessary to answer specific questions or improve upon current approaches,\u0022 said Price.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELEAF GUI is not the only software program Weitz\u0027s group has developed to investigate the network characteristics of plants. In March 2010, Weitz\u0027s group co-authored another \u0022Breakthrough Technologies\u0022 paper in \u003Cem\u003EPlant Physiology\u003C\/em\u003E detailing a way to analyze the complex root network structure of crop plants, with a focus on rice. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThis work was performed in collaboration with Anjali Iyer-Pascuzzi, John Harer and Philip Benfey at Duke University and was supported by DARPA, the National Science Foundation and the Burroughs Welcome Fund.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Both of these software programs are enabling tools in the growing field of \u0027plant phenomics,\u0027 which aims to correlate gene function, plant performance and response to the environment,\u0022 noted Weitz. \u0022By identifying leaf vein characteristics and root structures that differ between plants, we are enabling advances in basic plant science and, in the case of crop plants, assisting researchers in identifying and potentially altering genes to improve plant health, yield and survival.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to those already mentioned, Olga Symonova, Yuriy Mileyko and Troy Hilley also contributed to this work at Georgia Tech.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003EThese projects were supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) (Award No. HR0011-05-1-0057), National Science Foundation (NSF Plant Genome Research Program Award Nos. 0606873 and 0820624) and Burroughs Wellcome Fund (BWF). The content is solely the responsibility of the principal investigator and does not necessarily represent the official views of DARPA, NSF or BWF.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"By studying a plant\u0027s vein network pattern, biologists can investigate the plant\u0027s response to changing environments. To quickly examine leaves, researchers developed software that extracts information about macroscopic vein structures directly from leaf images.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Software tool extracts macroscopic vein structures from leaf images."}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-01-13 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:02","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-01-13T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-01-13T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"63517":{"id":"63517","type":"image","title":"LEAF GUI screenshot","body":null,"created":"1449176690","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:04:50","changed":"1475894557","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:37","alt":"LEAF GUI screenshot","file":{"fid":"191824","name":"tuj35840.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tuj35840_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tuj35840_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":397831,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tuj35840_0.jpg?itok=3wakKMFv"}},"63518":{"id":"63518","type":"image","title":"LEAF GUI example","body":null,"created":"1449176690","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:04:50","changed":"1475894557","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:37","alt":"LEAF GUI example","file":{"fid":"191825","name":"tof36206.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tof36206_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tof36206_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1838633,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tof36206_0.jpg?itok=8exs3WzM"}},"63519":{"id":"63519","type":"image","title":"rice root system architecture","body":null,"created":"1449176690","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:04:50","changed":"1475894557","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:37","alt":"rice root system architecture","file":{"fid":"191826","name":"tco35840.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tco35840_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tco35840_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":412030,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tco35840_0.jpg?itok=JWPci3gr"}}},"media_ids":["63517","63518","63519"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1104\/pp.110.162834","title":"Plant Physiology leaf paper"},{"url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1104\/pp.109.150748","title":"Plant Physiology rice paper"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.biology.gatech.edu\/people\/joshua-weitz","title":"Joshua Weitz"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.biology.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Biology"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.leafgui.biology.gatech.edu\/","title":"LEAF GUI"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"154","name":"Environment"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"11603","name":"breeding"},{"id":"11599","name":"Joshua Weitz"},{"id":"11601","name":"leaf"},{"id":"11600","name":"LEAF GUI"},{"id":"11604","name":"leaf vein"},{"id":"11602","name":"plant biology"},{"id":"11606","name":"rice"},{"id":"11607","name":"root system architecture"},{"id":"11605","name":"venation network pattern"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"63642":{"#nid":"63642","#data":{"type":"news","title":"LCD Projector Used to Control Brains \u0026 Muscles of Tiny Organisms","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers are using inexpensive components from ordinary liquid crystal display (LCD) projectors to control the brains and muscles of tiny organisms, including freely moving worms.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ERed, green and blue lights from a projector activate light-sensitive microbial proteins that are genetically engineered into the worms, allowing the researchers to switch neurons on and off like light bulbs and turn muscles on and off like engines.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUse of the LCD technology to control small animals advances the field of optogenetics -- a mix of optical and genetic techniques that has given researchers unparalleled control over brain circuits in laboratory animals. Until now, the technique could be used only with larger animals by placement of an optical fiber into an animal\u0027s brain, or required illumination of an animal\u0027s entire body.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA paper published Jan. 16 in the advance online edition of the journal \u003Cem\u003ENature Methods\u003C\/em\u003E describes how the inexpensive illumination technology allows researchers to stimulate and silence specific neurons and muscles of freely moving worms, while precisely controlling the location, duration, frequency and intensity of the light.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This illumination instrument significantly enhances our ability to control, alter, observe and investigate how neurons, muscles and circuits ultimately produce behavior in animals,\u0022 said Hang Lu, an associate professor in the School of Chemical \u0026amp; Biomolecular Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ELu and graduate students Jeffrey Stirman and Matthew Crane developed the tool with support from the National Institutes of Health and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe illumination system includes a modified off-the-shelf LCD projector, which is used to cast a multi-color pattern of light onto an animal. The independent red, green and blue channels allow researchers to activate excitable cells sensitive to specific colors, while simultaneously silencing others. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Because the central component of the illumination system is a commercially available projector, the system\u0027s cost and complexity are dramatically reduced, which we hope will enable wider adoption of this tool by the research community,\u0022 explained Lu.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy connecting the illumination system to a microscope and combining it with video tracking, the researchers are able to track and record the behavior of freely moving animals, while maintaining the lighting in the intended anatomical position. When the animal moves, changes to the light\u0027s location, intensity and color can be updated in less than 40 milliseconds.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EOnce Lu and her team built the prototype system, they used it to explore the \u0022touch\u0022 circuit of the worm \u003Cem\u003ECaenorhabditis elegans\u003C\/em\u003E by exciting and inhibiting its mechano-sensory and locomotion neurons. Alexander Gottschalk, a professor in the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University Frankfurt Institute of Biochemistry in Frankfurt, Germany, and his team provided the light-sensitive optogenetic reagents for the Georgia Tech experiments.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor their first experiment, the researchers illuminated the head of a worm at regular intervals while the animal moved forward. This produced a coiling effect in the head and caused the worm to crawl in a triangular pattern. In another experiment, the team scanned light along the bodies of worms from head to tail, which resulted in backward movement when neurons near the head were stimulated and forward movement when neurons near the tail were stimulated.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/gtresearchnews.gatech.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/Supplemental-Video-1-triangle.mov\u0022\u003EWatch a movie\u003C\/a\u003E showing Georgia Tech researchers illuminating the head of a worm expressing light-sensitive optogenetic reagents. The light produces a coiling effect in the head and causes the worm to crawl in a triangular pattern.\u003C\/em\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/gtresearchnews.gatech.edu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/Supplemental-Video-2-puppet.mov\u0022\u003EWatch a movie\u003C\/a\u003E showing how researchers at Georgia Tech use light from an LCD projector to directly control the muscles of an immobilized worm.\u003C\/em\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAdditional experiments showed that the intensity of the light affected a worm\u0027s behavior and that several optogenetic reagents excited at different wavelengths could be combined in one experiment to understand circuit functions. The researchers were able to examine a large number of animals under a variety of conditions, demonstrating that the technique\u0027s results were both robust and repeatable. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This instrument allowed us to control defined events in defined locations at defined times in an intact biological system, allowing us to dissect animal functional circuits with greater precision and nuance,\u0022 added Lu.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile these proof-of-concept studies investigated the response of \u003Cem\u003EC. elegans\u003C\/em\u003E to mechanical stimulation, the illumination system can also be used to evaluate responses to chemical, thermal and visual stimuli. Researchers can also use it to study a variety of neurons and muscles in other small animals, such as the zebrafish and fruit fly larvae.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Experiments with this illumination system yield quantitative behavior data that cannot be obtained by manual touch assays, laser cell ablation, or genetic manipulation of neurotransmitters,\u0022 said Lu.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson (abby@innovate.gatech.edu; 404-385-3364) or John Toon (jtoon@gatech.edu; 404-894-6986)\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter:\u003C\/strong\u003E Abby Robinson\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"Researchers are using LCD projectors to control the brains \u0026amp; muscles of tiny organisms, including freely moving worms. This technology advances the field of optogenetics, which has given researchers unparalleled control over brain circuits in lab animals.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"LCD technology has advanced the field of optogenetics"}],"uid":"27206","created_gmt":"2011-01-16 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:02","author":"Abby Vogel Robinson","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-01-16T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-01-16T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"63643":{"id":"63643","type":"image","title":"Hang Lu Jeffrey Stirman Matthew Crane","body":null,"created":"1449176690","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:04:50","changed":"1475894559","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:39","alt":"Hang Lu Jeffrey Stirman Matthew Crane","file":{"fid":"191843","name":"tst06498.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tst06498_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tst06498_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1574002,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tst06498_0.jpg?itok=DrlRW34v"}},"63644":{"id":"63644","type":"image","title":"worm triangular head pattern","body":null,"created":"1449176690","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:04:50","changed":"1475894559","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:39","alt":"worm triangular head pattern","file":{"fid":"191844","name":"tyx06498.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tyx06498_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tyx06498_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":301506,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tyx06498_0.jpg?itok=jhUQQRvO"}},"63645":{"id":"63645","type":"image","title":"Hang Lu Stirman Crane","body":null,"created":"1449176690","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:04:50","changed":"1475894559","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:39","alt":"Hang Lu Stirman Crane","file":{"fid":"191845","name":"tnw06498.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tnw06498_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tnw06498_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1776824,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tnw06498_0.jpg?itok=fP0uMDyK"}}},"media_ids":["63643","63644","63645"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1038\/nmeth.1555","title":"Nature Methods paper"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.chbe.gatech.edu\/fac_staff\/faculty\/lu.php","title":"Dr. Hang Lu"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.chbe.gatech.edu\/","title":"School of Chemical \u0026 Biomolecular Engineering"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"141","name":"Chemistry and Chemical Engineering"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"11638","name":"C. elegans"},{"id":"898","name":"Hang Lu"},{"id":"11637","name":"lcd projector"},{"id":"11639","name":"muscle"},{"id":"7276","name":"neuron"},{"id":"11640","name":"optogenetic reagants"},{"id":"11635","name":"optogenetics"},{"id":"11636","name":"projector"},{"id":"171058","name":"silencing"},{"id":"171059","name":"stimulation"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EAbby Robinson\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News and Publications\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=avogel6\u0022\u003EContact Abby Robinson\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-385-3364\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["abby@innovate.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"63756":{"#nid":"63756","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Study Maps Process Used by T Cells to Discriminate Pathogens","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers have for the first time mapped the complex choreography used by the immune system\u0027s T cells to recognize pathogens while avoiding attacks on the body\u0027s own cells.  \u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe researchers found that T cell receptors -- molecules located on the surface of the T cell -- first bind with the antigen on the pathogen-invaded cell.  That initiates a signaling process which leads a co-receptor on the T cell to also bind with the molecule that presents the antigen, amplifying the effect.  The process resembles how a person at a party might recognize someone they don\u0027t know well by using that person\u0027s strong handshake or distinctive voice to supplement their recollection of facial features.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We show for the first time the important role of the co-receptor in contributing to the discrimination process that takes place in the T cell,\u0022 said Cheng Zhu, a Regents professor in the Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Tech and Emory University.  \u0022This is a cooperative binding process with the co-receptor co-engaging with the T cell receptor.  This cooperative binding has a synergistic effect that amplifies the action.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe resulting binding, which then triggers the body\u0027s defensive activities, is stronger than the sum of the individual binding that would result from the T cell receptor and CD8 co-receptor operating independently.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe two-step binding process, which alters the accepted model for T cell recognition, was reported Jan. 20 in the early online edition of the journal \u003Cem\u003EImmunity\u003C\/em\u003E. The research was sponsored by the National Institutes of Health and the National Multiple Sclerosis Foundation.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EZhu and his colleagues found a time delay between when the T cell receptor engages the antigen peptide and when the CD8 co-receptor goes into action.  That delay was about a second in the hundreds of contacts studied.  The researchers also found that the binding feedback loop was rapid, short-lived, reversible, synergistic and peptide-discriminative. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research used a technique known as micropipette adhesion frequency assay to study the mechanical interactions between T cells and the antigen, known as a peptide major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) -- a glycoprotein.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor the study, pMHC molecules taken from a transgenic mouse were placed onto a red blood cell held by a micropipette, simulating the activity of antigen-presenting cells which normally isolate these foreign molecules and display them for recognition by T cells.  A mouse T cell held by another micropipette was then placed into contact with the red blood cell for varying periods of time.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy microscopically examining adhesion between the two cells when separated, the researchers were able to determine whether binding between the T cell receptor -- and the CD8 co-receptor -- had occurred.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn studying the data from hundreds of contacts between different types of antigens, the researchers saw a step in the probability of binding, then a jump to a second step.  By alternately blocking binding between the pMHC and the T cell receptor, and between the pMHC and the CD8, they were able to determine that the first step represented binding with the T cell receptor while the second step represented binding with the CD8.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe micropipette adhesion technique, developed by Zhu and his student, allows the study of interaction between T cell receptor molecules -- of which there are as many as a million -- and pMHC protein molecules.  Earlier techniques had isolated the receptor molecules for study in a solution environment, but Zhu believes his two-dimensional technique provides a more realistic representation of their activity because the receptors remain on the T cell membrane.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUntil now, scientists had assumed that T cell receptor and CD8 binding with the antigen took place at approximately the same time, reinforcing one another to make the intermolecular connection strong enough to trigger an immune response.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022What was surprising to us was that the two interactions do not occur simultaneously,\u0022 said Zhu.  \u0022There is a delay of about one second, and we attribute that to the intracellular interactions that have to take place within the T cell before the CD8 can engage.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe research confirmed earlier findings that T cell responses to lower affinity antigen ligands were more dependent on CD 8 binding.  \u0022We confirmed this finding, but demonstrated that the major function of CD8 was to amplify recognition of the higher affinity antigen, meaning the magnitude and kinetics of the CD8 contribution favors the response to low levels of strong antigens,\u0022 Zhu explained.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ET cell receptors are among the most important molecules in the immune system because of their role in recognizing the antigens on target cells.  The receptors also must distinguish those threats from the body\u0027s own cells to avoid triggering an unwanted immune response.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor the future, Zhu would like to clarify what advantages the two-step process provides when a tiny amount of \u0022non-self\u0022 antigen peptides are presented together with a large amount of \u0022self\u0022 peptides, and attempt to understand how the T cells seek out interactions with foreign antigens.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to Zhu, the research team included Ning Jiang, Jun Huang, Baoyu Li, and Yan Zhang of the Coulter Department. Collaborators from Emory University included Lindsay J. Edwards, Carrie D. Beal and Brian D. Evavold.  Evavold, an associate professor in Emory University\u0027s Department of Microbiology and Immunology and a collaborator of Zhu\u0027s in this project, provided the transgenic mouse T cells and pMHC used in the research.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This new study adds significantly to the understanding of how T cell receptors and associated molecules differentiate the antigens of the body\u0027s own cells from those of an invader,\u0022 Zhu added.  \u0022It may be that this co-receptor plays a role in helping discriminate viruses that have mutated and are no longer a direct match to what the T cell is looking for. That\u0027s another hypothesis we hope to study.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Robinson (404-385-3364)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E:  John Toon\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers have for the first time mapped the complex choreography used by the immune system\u0027s T cells to recognize pathogens while avoiding attacks on the body\u0027s own cells.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Researchers have mapped a two-step T cell discrimination process."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-01-20 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:02","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-01-20T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-01-20T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"63757":{"id":"63757","type":"image","title":"Prof. Cheng Zhu in research lab","body":null,"created":"1449176708","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:08","changed":"1475894559","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:39","alt":"Prof. Cheng Zhu in research lab","file":{"fid":"191868","name":"tnn50520.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tnn50520_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tnn50520_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1250963,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tnn50520_0.jpg?itok=BqfKYru6"}},"63758":{"id":"63758","type":"image","title":"Micropipette adhesion frequency assay","body":null,"created":"1449176708","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:08","changed":"1475894559","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:39","alt":"Micropipette adhesion frequency assay","file":{"fid":"191869","name":"tcy50520.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tcy50520_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tcy50520_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":534170,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tcy50520_0.jpg?itok=TME3UN5Y"}}},"media_ids":["63757","63758"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.bme.gatech.edu\/","title":"Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.bme.gatech.edu\/facultystaff\/faculty_record.php?id=4","title":"Cheng Zhu"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"146","name":"Life Sciences and Biology"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"9893","name":"Cheng Zhu"},{"id":"11709","name":"discrimination"},{"id":"9048","name":"immune"},{"id":"3004","name":"receptor"},{"id":"170997","name":"signalling"},{"id":"9047","name":"T cell"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"63785":{"#nid":"63785","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Aerospace Engineering Professor Honored by AIAA","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics\n(AIAA) honored this month Robert Braun, Georgia Tech professor of aerospace engineering, with the Von Karman Lectureship in Astronautics.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe annual award, named for astronautics pioneer Theodore\nVon Karman, is given to someone who has performed notably and distinguished\nthemselves technically in the field of astronautics.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBraun was recognized for advancing the understanding of the\nchallenge of Mars entry, descent and landing, and for the development of\nsystems concepts and technologies enabling Martian exploration programs.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EHe delivered his lecture, \u201cMars Entry, Descent and Landing\nTechnology Advancements,\u201d during the 49\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E annual AIAA Aerospace\nSciences Meeting in Orlando, FL held this month.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cI am honored to be recognized by the AIAA and to speak at\nthis year\u2019s conference about the challenging work done by the scientists and\nengineers in NASA\u2019s entry, descent and landing technical community,\u201d Braun said.\u0026nbsp; \u201cMy hope is that engineering students around\nthe country will share in the excitement of planetary exploration, developing\nnew technologies and advancing our nation\u2019s forays in space.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EBraun is the David and Andrew Lewis Professor in Space\nTechnology in the School of Aerospace Engineering at Georgia Tech\u0027s College of Engineering.\u0026nbsp; He was named NASA\u2019s first chief technologists\nfor a two-year term on Feb 3, 2010, serving as principal advisor and advocate\non matters concerning agency-wide technology policy and programs. \u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003ERobert Braun, Georgia Tech AE professor, \u0026nbsp;honored with the Von Karman Lectureship in Astronautics.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":"","uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-01-21 16:43:26","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:02","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-01-21T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-01-21T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"63787":{"id":"63787","type":"image","title":"AIAA Honors Professor Robert Braun","body":null,"created":"1449176708","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:05:08","changed":"1475894561","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:41","alt":"AIAA Honors Professor Robert Braun","file":{"fid":"191878","name":"AIAAAW11_203LR.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/AIAAAW11_203LR_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/AIAAAW11_203LR_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":58764,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/AIAAAW11_203LR_0.jpg?itok=trfwhYZn"}}},"media_ids":["63787"],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"}],"keywords":[{"id":"2082","name":"aerospace engineering"},{"id":"594","name":"college of engineering"},{"id":"2575","name":"Robert Braun"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["liz.klipp@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"63815":{"#nid":"63815","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech hosts FIRST LEGO League State Tournament","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe Georgia Institute of Technology\nwill host 50 teams of 480 teens competing in the State of Georgia FIRST LEGO\nLeague Robotics Tournament on Saturday, January 29, \u0026nbsp;from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. in the\nStudent Center. \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EFIRST (For Inspiration and\nRecognition of Science and Technology) is an organization that was founded to\ninspire interest in science and engineering among young people.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ESaturday\u0027s event is the State Championship\nand the top team of the event will advance to the World Festival in St. Louis in\nlate April.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EWith a theme of \u201cBody\nForward,\u201d teams of students aged 9 to 14 will explore the cutting-edge world of\nbiomedical engineering to discover innovative ways to repair injuries, overcome\ngenetic predispositions and maximize the bodies\u0027 potential, with the purpose of\nleading happier, healthier lives.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EThe event is co-hosted by\nGeorgia Tech\u2019s School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Center for\nEducation Integrating Science, Mathematics, and Computing and Georgia Tech\nResearch Institute, as well as LEGO Robotics Design and Outreach Community.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ESo far in this year\u0027s\ntournament, 337 teams have competed in 12 qualifiers and three super-regional\ncontests, involving a total of 2,500 students. Through these qualifiers, the\nfield was narrowed to 50 teams that will participate at the event Saturday at\nTech.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EThe State of Georgia FIRST LEGO League Robotics Tournament will be held on Jan. 29 from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. in Georgia Tech\u0027s Student Center.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":"","uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-01-24 16:01:01","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:08:02","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-01-24T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-01-24T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.georgiafll.org\/","title":"Georgia FIRST LEGO League"},{"url":"http:\/\/firstlegoleague.org\/","title":"http:\/\/firstlegoleague.org\/"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/academics\/outreach\/fll\/index.html","title":"http:\/\/www.ece.gatech.edu\/academics\/outreach\/fll\/index.html"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"133","name":"Special Events and Guest Speakers"}],"keywords":[{"id":"5537","name":"First LEGO League"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["liz.klipp@comm.gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"63377":{"#nid":"63377","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Georgia Tech Named Among Kiplinger\u2019s Best Values","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech was selected\nas one of Kiplinger\u2019s Personal Finance Best Values among public colleges for\nin-state students.\u0026nbsp; Tech was ranked 18\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\namong the top 100 universities featured in the publication\u2019s February 2011\nissue.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003EKiplinger has ranked the\ntop schools since 1998.\u0026nbsp; The current\nrankings can be found at \u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.kiplinger.com\/tools\/colleges\u0022\u003Ewww.kiplinger.com\/tools\/colleges\u003C\/a\u003E.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\n\n\u003Cp\u003ESelected from a pool of\nmore than 500 public four-year colleges and universities, schools in the\nKiplinger 100 were ranked according to academic quality, including admission\nand retention rates, student-faculty ratios and four- and six-year graduation\nrates, as well as\u0026nbsp;cost and financial aid.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech was selected\nas one of Kiplinger\u2019s Personal Finance Best Values among public colleges for\nin-state students.\u0026nbsp; Tech was ranked 18\u003Csup\u003Eth\u003C\/sup\u003E\namong the top 100 universities featured in the publication\u2019s February 2011\nissue.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Institute among top 20 best values for public schools for in-state students."}],"uid":"27304","created_gmt":"2011-01-04 17:02:57","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:07:57","author":"Matthew Nagel","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-01-04T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-01-04T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"57063":{"id":"57063","type":"image","title":"Tech Tower","body":null,"created":"1449175327","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:42:07","changed":"1475894378","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:39:38","alt":"Tech Tower","file":{"fid":"190534","name":"tgs93055.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tgs93055_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tgs93055_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":60499,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tgs93055_0.jpg?itok=XdZvPISn"}}},"media_ids":["57063"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.kiplinger.com\/tools\/colleges","title":"Kiplinger\u2019s Personal Finance Best Values"}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"129","name":"Institute and Campus"}],"keywords":[{"id":"1644","name":"Best Values"},{"id":"2221","name":"Kiplinger"},{"id":"2151","name":"National Rankings"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGeorgia Tech Media Relations\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003ELaura Diamond\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:laura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Elaura.diamond@comm.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-894-6016\u003Cbr \/\u003EJason Maderer\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:maderer@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Emaderer@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E404-660-2926\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["mattnagel@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"63409":{"#nid":"63409","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Expitaxial Graphene Shows Promise for Replacing Silicon in Electronics","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EMove over silicon.  There\u0027s a new electronic material in town, and it goes fast.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThat material, the focus of the 2010 Nobel Prize in physics, is graphene -- a fancy name for extremely thin layers of ordinary carbon atoms arranged in a \u0022chicken-wire\u0022 lattice. These layers, sometimes just a single atom thick, conduct electricity with virtually no resistance, very little heat generation -- and less power consumption than silicon.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWith silicon device fabrication approaching its physical limits, many researchers believe graphene can provide a new platform material that would allow the semiconductor industry to continue its march toward ever-smaller and faster electronic devices -- progress described in Moore\u0027s Law. Though graphene will likely never replace silicon for everyday electronic applications, it could take over as the material of choice for high-performance devices. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAnd graphene could ultimately spawn a new generation of devices designed to take advantage of its unique properties. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESince 2001, Georgia Tech has become a world leader in developing epitaxial graphene, a specific type of graphene that can be grown on large wafers and patterned for use in electronics manufacturing. In a recent paper published in the journal \u003Cem\u003ENature Nanotechnology\u003C\/em\u003E, Georgia Tech researchers reported fabricating an array of 10,000 top-gated transistors on a 0.24 square centimeter chip, an achievement believed to be the highest density reported so far in graphene devices. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn creating that array, they also demonstrated a clever new approach for growing complex graphene patterns on templates etched into silicon carbide. The new technique offered the solution to one of the most difficult issues that had been facing graphene electronics. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This is a significant step toward electronics manufacturing with graphene,\u0022 said Walt de Heer, a professor in Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Physics who pioneered the development of graphene for high-performance electronics. \u0022This is another step showing that our method of working with epitaxial graphene grown on silicon carbide is the right approach and the one that will probably be used for making graphene electronics.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUnrolled Carbon Nanotubes\u003C\/strong\u003E \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EFor de Heer, the story of graphene begins with carbon nanotubes, tiny cylindrical structures considered miraculous when they first began to be studied by scientists in 1991. De Heer was among the researchers excited about the properties of nanotubes, whose unique arrangement of carbon atoms gave them physical and electronic properties that scientists believed could be the foundation for a new generation of electronic devices. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ECarbon nanotubes still have attractive properties, but the ability to grow them consistently -- and to incorporate them in high-volume electronics applications -- has so far eluded researchers. De Heer realized before others that carbon nanotubes would probably never be used for high-volume electronic devices. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBut he also realized that the key to the attractive electronic properties of the nanotubes was the lattice created by the carbon atoms. Why not simply grow that lattice on a flat surface, and use fabrication techniques proven in the microelectronics industry to create devices in much the same way as silicon integrated circuits? \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBy heating silicon carbide -- a widely-used electronic material -- de Heer and his colleagues were able to drive silicon atoms from the surface, leaving just the carbon lattice in thin layers of graphene large enough to grow the kinds of electronic devices familiar to a generation of electronics designers.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThat process was the basis for a patent filed in 2003, and for initial research support from chip-maker Intel. Since then, de Heer\u0027s group has published dozens of papers and helped spawn other research groups also using epitaxial graphene for electronic devices. Though scientists are still learning about the material, companies such as IBM have launched research programs based on epitaxial graphene, and agencies such as the National Science Foundation (NSF) and Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) have invested in developing the material for future electronics applications. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech\u0027s work on developing epitaxial graphene for manufacturing electronic devices was recognized in the background paper produced by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences as part of the Nobel Prize documentation. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe race to find commercial applications for graphene is intense, with researchers from the United States, Europe, Japan and Singapore engaged in well-funded efforts. Since awarding of the Nobel to a group from the United Kingdom, the flood of news releases about graphene developments has grown. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Our epitaxial graphene is now used around the world by many research laboratories,\u0022 de Heer noted. \u0022We are probably at the stage where silicon was in the 1950s. This is the beginning of something that is going to be very large and important.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESilicon \u0022Running Out of Gas\u0022\u003C\/strong\u003E \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EA new electronics material is needed because silicon is running out of miniaturization room. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Primarily, we\u0027ve gotten the speed increases from silicon by continually shrinking feature sizes and improving interconnect technology,\u0022 said Dennis Hess, director of the National Science Foundation-sponsored Materials Research Science and Engineering Center (MRSEC) established at Georgia Tech to study future electronic materials, starting with epitaxial graphene. \u0022We are at the point where in less than 10 years, we won\u0027t be able to shrink feature sizes any farther because of the physics of the device operation. That means we will either have to change the type of device we make, or change the electronic material we use.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIt\u0027s a matter of physics. At the very small size scales needed to create ever more dense device arrays, silicon generates too much resistance to electron flow, creating more heat than can be dissipated and consuming too much power. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGraphene has no such restrictions, and in fact, can provide electron mobility as much as 100 times better than silicon. De Heer believes his group has developed the roadmap for the future of high-performance electronics -- and that it is paved with epitaxial graphene. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We have basically developed a whole scheme for making electronics out of graphene,\u0022 he said. \u0022We have set down what we believe will be the ground rules for how that will work, and we have the key patents in place.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESilicon, of course, has matured over many generations through constant research and improvement. De Heer and Hess agree that silicon will always be around, useful for low-cost consumer products such as iPods, toasters, personal computers and the like. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDe Heer expects graphene to find its niche doing things that couldn\u0027t otherwise be done. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We\u0027re not trying to do something cheaper or better; we\u0027re going to do things that can\u0027t be done at all with silicon,\u0022 he said. \u0022Making electronic devices as small as a molecule, for instance, cannot be done with silicon, but in principle could be done with graphene. The key question is how to extend Moore\u0027s Law in a post-CMOS world.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EUnlike the carbon nanotubes he studied in the 1990s, de Heer sees no major problems ahead for the development of epitaxial graphene. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022That graphene is going to be a major player in the electronics of the future is no longer in doubt,\u0022 he said. \u0022We don\u0027t see any real roadblocks ahead. There are no flashing red lights or other signs that seem to say that this won\u0027t work. All of the issues we see relate to improving technical issues, and we know how to do that.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMaking the Best Graphene\u003C\/strong\u003E \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ESince beginning the exploration of graphene in 2001, de Heer and his research team have made continuous improvements in the quality of the material they produce, and those improvements have allowed them to demonstrate a number of physical properties -- such as the Quantum Hall Effect -- that verify the unique properties of the material.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The properties that we see in our epitaxial graphene are similar to what we have calculated for an ideal theoretical sheet of graphene suspended in the air,\u0022 said Claire Berger, a research scientist in the Georgia Tech School of Physics who also has a faculty appointment at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in France. \u0022We see these properties in the electron transport and we see these properties in all kinds of spectroscopy. Everything that is supposed to be occurring in a single sheet of graphene we are seeing in our systems.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKey to the material\u0027s future, of course, is the ability to make electronic devices that work consistently. The researchers believe they have almost reached that point. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022All of the properties that epitaxial graphene needs to make it viable for electronic devices have been proven in this material,\u0022 said Ed Conrad, a professor in Georgia Tech\u0027s School of Physics who is also a MRSEC member. \u0022We have shown that we can make macroscopic amounts of this material, and with the devices that are scalable, we have the groundwork that could really make graphene take off.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EReaching higher and higher device density is also important, along with the ability to control the number of layers of graphene produced. The group has demonstrated that in their multilayer graphene, each layer retains the desired properties. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Multilayer graphene has different stacking than graphite, the material found in pencils,\u0022 Conrad noted. \u0022In graphite, every layer is rotated 60 degrees and that\u0027s the only way that nature can do it. When we grow graphene on silicon carbide, the layers are rotated 30 degrees. When that happens, the symmetry of the system changes to make the material behave the way we want it to.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EEpitaxial Versus Exfoliated\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EMuch of the world\u0027s graphene research -- including work leading to the Nobel -- involved the study of exfoliated graphene: layers of the material removed from a block of graphite, originally with tape. While that technique produces high-quality graphene, it\u0027s not clear how that could be scaled up for industrial production. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EWhile agreeing that the exfoliated material has produced useful information about graphene properties, de Heer dismisses it as \u0022a science project\u0022 unlikely to have industrial electronics application. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Electronics companies are not interested in graphene flakes,\u0022 he said. \u0022They need industrial graphene, a material that can be scaled up for high-volume manufacturing. Industry is now getting more and more interested in what we are doing.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EDe Heer says Georgia Tech\u0027s place in the new graphene world is to focus on electronic applications. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We are not really trying to compete with these other groups,\u0022 he said. \u0022We are really trying to create a practical electronic material. To do that, we will have to do many things right, including fabricating a scalable material that can be made as large as a wafer. It will have to be uniform and able to be processed using industrial methods.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResolving Technical Issues\u003C\/strong\u003E \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAmong the significant technical issues facing graphene devices has been electron scattering that occurs at the boundaries of nanoribbons. If the edges aren\u0027t perfectly smooth -- as usually happens when the material is cut with electron beams -- the roughness bounces electrons around, creating resistance and interference. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003ETo address that problem, de Heer and his team recently developed a new \u0022templated growth\u0022 technique for fabricating nanometer-scale graphene devices. The technique involves etching patterns into the silicon carbide surfaces on which epitaxial graphene is grown. The patterns serve as templates directing the growth of graphene structures, allowing the formation of nanoribbons of specific widths without the use of e-beams or other destructive cutting techniques. Graphene nanoribbons produced with these templates have smooth edges that avoid electron-scattering problems. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Using this approach, we can make very narrow ribbons of interconnected graphene without the rough edges,\u0022 said de Heer. \u0022Anything that can be done to make small structures without having to cut them is going to be useful to the development of graphene electronics because if the edges are too rough, electrons passing through the ribbons scatter against the edges and reduce the desirable properties of graphene.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn nanometer-scale graphene ribbons, quantum confinement makes the material behave as a semiconductor suitable for creation of electronic devices. But in ribbons a micron or so wide, the material acts as a conductor. Controlling the depth of the silicon carbide template allows the researchers to create these different structures simultaneously, using the same growth process. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The same material can be either a conductor or a semiconductor depending on its shape,\u0022 noted de Heer. \u0022One of the major advantages of graphene electronics is to make the device leads and the semiconducting ribbons from the same material. That\u0027s important to avoid electrical resistance that builds up at junctions between different materials.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EAfter formation of the nanoribbons, the researchers apply a dielectric material and metal gate to construct field-effect transistors. While successful fabrication of high-quality transistors demonstrates graphene\u0027s viability as an electronic material, de Heer sees them as only the first step in what could be done with the material. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022When we manage to make devices well on the nanoscale, we can then move on to make much smaller and finer structures that will go beyond conventional transistors to open up the possibility for more sophisticated devices that use electrons more like light than particles,\u0022 he said. \u0022If we can factor quantum mechanical features into electronics, that is going to open up a lot of new possibilities.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ECollaborations with Other Groups\u003C\/strong\u003E \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBefore engineers can use epitaxial graphene for the next generation of electronic devices, they will have to understand its unique properties. As part of that process, Georgia Tech researchers are collaborating with scientists at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The collaboration has produced new insights into how electrons behave in graphene. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn a recent paper published in the journal \u003Cem\u003ENature Physics\u003C\/em\u003E, the Georgia Tech-NIST team described for the first time how the orbits of electrons are distributed spatially by magnetic fields applied to layers of epitaxial graphene. They also found that these electron orbits can interact with the substrate on which the graphene is grown, creating energy gaps that affect how electron waves move through the multilayer material. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The regular pattern of magnetically-induced energy gaps in the graphene surface creates regions where electron transport is not allowed,\u0022 said Phillip N. First, a professor in the Georgia Tech School of Physics and MRSEC member. \u0022Electron waves would have to go around these regions, requiring new patterns of electron wave interference. Understanding this interference would be important for some bi-layer graphene devices that have been proposed.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EEarlier NIST collaborations led to improved understanding of graphene electron states, and the way in which low temperature and high magnetic fields can affect energy levels. The researchers also demonstrated that atomic-scale moir\u00e9 patterns, an interference pattern that appears when two or more graphene layers are overlaid, can be used to measure how sheets of graphene are stacked. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EIn a collaboration with the U.S. Naval Research Laboratory and University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, a group of Georgia Tech professors developed a simple and quick one-step process for creating nanowires on graphene oxide. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We\u0027ve shown that by locally heating insulating graphene oxide, both the flakes and the epitaxial varieties, with an atomic force microscope tip, we can write nanowires with dimensions down to 12 nanometers,\u0022 said Elisa Riedo, an associate professor in the Georgia Tech School of Physics and a MRSEC member. \u0022And we can tune their electronic properties to be up to four orders of magnitude more conductive.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EA New Industrial Revolution?\u003C\/strong\u003E \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThough graphene can be grown and fabricated using processes similar to those of silicon, it is not easily compatible with silicon. That means companies adopting it will also have to build new fabrication facilities -- an expensive investment. Consequently, de Heer believes industry will be cautious about moving into a new graphene world. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Silicon technology is completely entrenched and well developed,\u0022 he admitted. \u0022We can adopt many of the processes of silicon, but we can\u0027t easily integrate ourselves into silicon. Because of that, we really need a major paradigm shift. But for the massive electronics industry, that will not happen easily or gently.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EHe draws an analogy to steamships and passenger trains at the dawn of the aviation age. At some point, it became apparent that airliners were going to replace both ocean liners and trains in providing first-class passenger service. Though the cost of air travel was higher, passengers were willing to pay a premium for greater speed. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022We are going to see a coexistence of technologies for a while, and how the hybridization of graphene and silicon electronics is going to happen remains up in the air,\u0022 de Heer predicted. \u0022That is going to take decades, though in the next ten years we are probably going to see real commercial devices that involve graphene.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cem\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EThis article originally appeared in Research Horizons, Georgia Tech\u0027s research magazine.\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/em\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 314\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\n\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Abby Vogel Robinson (404-385-3364)(\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:abby@innovate.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Eabby@innovate.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EGeorgia Tech has become a leader in developing epitaxial graphene, a material that can be grown on large wafers and patterned for use in electronics manufacturing. In a recent paper, Georgia Tech researchers reported fabricating an array of 10,000 top-gated transistors on a 0.24 square centimeter chip.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Georgia Tech has become a world leader in epitaxial graphene."}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2011-01-06 01:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:07:57","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-01-06T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-01-06T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"63410":{"id":"63410","type":"image","title":"Producing epitaxial graphene","body":null,"created":"1449176690","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:04:50","changed":"1475894557","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:37","alt":"Producing epitaxial graphene","file":{"fid":"191816","name":"tbs48688.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tbs48688_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tbs48688_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1202030,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tbs48688_0.jpg?itok=V_zWpccS"}},"63411":{"id":"63411","type":"image","title":"Professor Walt de Heer","body":null,"created":"1449176690","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:04:50","changed":"1475894557","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:37","alt":"Professor Walt de Heer","file":{"fid":"191817","name":"tic48688.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tic48688_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tic48688_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1245665,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tic48688_0.jpg?itok=ZOUqWETF"}},"63412":{"id":"63412","type":"image","title":"Researcher Claire Berger","body":null,"created":"1449176690","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:04:50","changed":"1475894557","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:42:37","alt":"Researcher Claire Berger","file":{"fid":"191818","name":"tcs48688.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tcs48688_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/tcs48688_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":1118539,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/tcs48688_0.jpg?itok=26pfw7Do"}}},"media_ids":["63410","63411","63412"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.mrsec.gatech.edu\/","title":"Materials Research Science and Engineering Center"},{"url":"http:\/\/www.physics.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech School of Physics"},{"url":"https:\/\/www.physics.gatech.edu\/user\/walter-de-heer","title":"Walt de Heer"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[{"id":"153","name":"Computer Science\/Information Technology and Security"},{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"149","name":"Nanotechnology and Nanoscience"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"},{"id":"150","name":"Physics and Physical Sciences"}],"keywords":[{"id":"9826","name":"de Heer"},{"id":"9116","name":"epitaxial graphene"},{"id":"429","name":"graphene"},{"id":"9115","name":"MRSEC"},{"id":"960","name":"physics"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}},"63967":{"#nid":"63967","#data":{"type":"news","title":"Research Team Probes Cocaine, HIV\/AIDS Drug Interactions","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at Georgia Tech and Emory University are\ninvestigating the biochemical mechanisms behind cocaine and anti-retroviral\ndrug interactions in mouse models of AIDS to improve treatment strategies.\u0026nbsp;\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EFunded through a new $5.7 million grant from the National\nInstitute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health, the study is\nbeing led on the Georgia Tech side by Eva Lee, professor in the H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial\nand Systems Engineering and director of the Center for\nOperations Research in Medicine.\u003C\/p\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResearchers agree cocaine injures the heart and predisposes\nusers to HIV\/AIDS because of risky behaviors. The anti-retroviral medicines\nused to treat HIV\/AIDS also may adversely affect the cardiovascular system.\nUsed together, cocaine and anti-retroviral therapy can amplify the injury from\neach.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003ELee is working with cardiac pathologist William Lewis, who\nis the principal investigator of the study and a professor of pathology and\nlaboratory medicine in Emory University School of Medicine.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u201cThe model must be capable of incorporating large amounts of\nheterogeneous data, including genomic, biochemical, physiological and\npathological,\u201d Lee said. \u0026nbsp;\u201cIdentifying\nthe discriminatory features and constructing the predictive systems network\nwill offer fundamental understanding of cocaine, HIV\/AIDS and antiretroviral\nnucleosides interaction at multiple levels. \u2026 This will shed light on promising\navenues for improving treatment strategies.\u201d\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EIt is estimated that more than 34 million Americans have\nused cocaine and more than 1.5 million are habitual users. More than\na million Americans are infected with HIV or have full-blown AIDS.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EFor decades, cocaine has been thought to increase the risk\nfor HIV infection, Dr. Lewis said.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0026nbsp;\u201cHIV\/AIDS, along with the use of cocaine and NRTIs\n[nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors] may lead to cardiomyopathy, a\nprevalent, life-threatening illness,\u201d he said.\u003C\/p\u003E\n\n\u003Cp\u003EResearchers want to formulate a testable hypothesis on what\nmechanisms lead to cardiomyopathy and heart failure in AIDS and non-AIDS\nconditions.\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":"","field_summary":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EResearchers at Georgia Tech and Emory University are investigating the biochemical mechanisms behind cocaine and anti-retroviral drug interactions in mouse models of AIDS to improve treatment strategies.\u003C\/p\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":"","uid":"27462","created_gmt":"2011-01-31 11:16:51","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:06:47","author":"Liz Klipp","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2011-01-31T00:00:00-05:00","iso_date":"2011-01-31T00:00:00-05:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"49841":{"id":"49841","type":"image","title":"Professor Eva Lee","body":null,"created":"1449175373","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 20:42:53","changed":"1475894451","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:40:51","alt":"Professor Eva Lee","file":{"fid":"127007","name":"txe87354.jpg","image_path":"\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/txe87354_0.jpg","image_full_path":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/\/sites\/default\/files\/images\/txe87354_0.jpg","mime":"image\/jpeg","size":58268,"path_740":"http:\/\/www.tlwarc.hg.gatech.edu\/sites\/default\/files\/styles\/740xx_scale\/public\/images\/txe87354_0.jpg?itok=ug_jE04x"}}},"media_ids":["49841"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/shared.web.emory.edu\/emory\/news\/releases\/2011\/01\/cocaine-hiv-aids-drug-interactions-probed-with-5.7m-nih-grant.html","title":"http:\/\/shared.web.emory.edu\/emory\/news\/releases\/2011\/01\/cocaine-hiv-aids-dr..."}],"groups":[{"id":"1317","name":"News Briefs"}],"categories":[{"id":"145","name":"Engineering"},{"id":"135","name":"Research"}],"keywords":[{"id":"11783","name":"college of engineering; ISyE; Eva Lee; Cocaine use; HIV\/AIDS; Emory"}],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[],"email":[],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}}}