<node id="69053">
  <nid>69053</nid>
  <type>news</type>
  <uid>
    <user id="27213"><![CDATA[27213]]></user>
  </uid>
  <created>1214870400</created>
  <changed>1475896192</changed>
  <title><![CDATA[Construction Productivity Underestimated by Census of Business]]></title>
  <body><![CDATA[<p>The downward trend in U.S. construction productivity is largely the result of mis-categorization by the Census of Business according to a paper in July's <em>Journal of Construction Engineering and Management</em>. Much of the construction industry fabricates made-to-order components for construction that the Census of Business wrongly considers part of the manufacturing industry. The off-site operations that produce steel, precast concrete and curtainwalls have consistently higher productivity than on-site construction operations.</p><p>The news is significant to analysts, planners and other decision makers in the building industry who have struggled to understand apparent declines in productivity in stark contrast to increasing productivity in manufacturing.</p><p>With the advent of building information modeling in the last six years, where the design process involves one or more digital models for architects, engineers, contractors and owners to coordinate the construction together, building components can be more easily pre-fabricated to reduce waste, enhance safety and avoid delays.&nbsp;</p><p>The study, authored by researchers Charles Eastman at the Georgia Tech College of Architecture and Rafael Sacks at Technion, looks at production activities for industries with both off-site and on-site components, and compares their productivity with productivity changes over ten years.&nbsp;</p><p>The College of Architecture champions advancements in the arts and the built environment through academic programs in architecture, building construction, city and regional planning, doctoral studies, industrial design, and music. The College is a leading producer of research in each of its disciplines, and among the top three in the area of architecture.</p>]]></body>
  <field_subtitle>
    <item>
      <value><![CDATA[Rising Popularity of Made-to-Order Building Products Calls for Shift in Categorization]]></value>
    </item>
  </field_subtitle>
  <field_dateline>
    <item>
      <value>2008-07-01T00:00:00-04:00</value>
      <timezone><![CDATA[America/New_York]]></timezone>
    </item>
  </field_dateline>
  <field_summary_sentence>
    <item>
      <value><![CDATA[]]></value>
    </item>
  </field_summary_sentence>
  <field_summary>
    <item>
      <value><![CDATA[<p>Researchers say made-to-order components are mis-categorized.</p>]]></value>
    </item>
  </field_summary>
  <field_media>
          <item>
        <nid>
          <node id="69054">
            <nid>69054</nid>
            <type>image</type>
            <title><![CDATA[Image courtesy of Mortenson (from <em>The Bim Hand]]></title>
            <body><![CDATA[]]></body>
                          <field_image>
                <item>
                  <fid></fid>
                  <filename><![CDATA[]]></filename>
                  <filepath><![CDATA[]]></filepath>
                  <file_full_path><![CDATA[]]></file_full_path>
                  <filemime></filemime>
                  <image_740><![CDATA[]]></image_740>
                  <image_alt><![CDATA[]]></image_alt>
                </item>
              </field_image>
            
                      </node>
        </nid>
      </item>
      </field_media>
  <field_contact_email>
    <item>
      <email><![CDATA[]]></email>
    </item>
  </field_contact_email>
  <field_location>
    <item>
      <value><![CDATA[]]></value>
    </item>
  </field_location>
  <field_contact>
    <item>
      <value><![CDATA[]]></value>
    </item>
  </field_contact>
  <field_sidebar>
    <item>
      <value><![CDATA[]]></value>
    </item>
  </field_sidebar>
  <field_boilerplate>
    <item>
      <nid><![CDATA[]]></nid>
    </item>
  </field_boilerplate>
  <!--  TO DO: correct to not conflate categories and news room topics  -->
  <!--  Disquisition: it's funny how I write these TODOs and then never
         revisit them. It's as though the act of writing the thing down frees me
         from the responsibility to actually solve the problem. But what can I
         say? There are more problems than there's time to solve.  -->
  <links_related> </links_related>
  <files> </files>
  <og_groups>
          <item>1221</item>
      </og_groups>
  <og_groups_both>
          <item>
        <![CDATA[Architecture]]>
      </item>
          <item>
        <![CDATA[Research]]>
      </item>
      </og_groups_both>
  <field_categories>
          <item>
        <tid>137</tid>
        <value><![CDATA[Architecture]]></value>
      </item>
          <item>
        <tid>135</tid>
        <value><![CDATA[Research]]></value>
      </item>
      </field_categories>
  <core_research_areas>
      </core_research_areas>
  <field_news_room_topics>
      </field_news_room_topics>
  <links_related>
          <link>
      <url>http://pubs.asce.org/journals/construction/</url>
      <title></title>
      </link>
          <link>
      <url>http://www.coa.gatech.edu/</url>
      <title></title>
      </link>
          <link>
      <url>http://www.technion.ac.il/</url>
      <title></title>
      </link>
      </links_related>
  <files>
      </files>
  <og_groups>
          <item>1221</item>
      </og_groups>
  <og_groups_both>
          <item><![CDATA[College of Design]]></item>
      </og_groups_both>
  <field_keywords>
          <item>
        <tid>5879</tid>
        <value><![CDATA[building information modeling]]></value>
      </item>
          <item>
        <tid>5880</tid>
        <value><![CDATA[chuck eastman]]></value>
      </item>
          <item>
        <tid>1400</tid>
        <value><![CDATA[Construction]]></value>
      </item>
          <item>
        <tid>13821</tid>
        <value><![CDATA[construction productivity]]></value>
      </item>
          <item>
        <tid>215</tid>
        <value><![CDATA[manufacturing]]></value>
      </item>
          <item>
        <tid>13822</tid>
        <value><![CDATA[manufacturing productivity]]></value>
      </item>
          <item>
        <tid>13823</tid>
        <value><![CDATA[rafael saks]]></value>
      </item>
      </field_keywords>
  <field_userdata>
      <![CDATA[]]>
  </field_userdata>
</node>
