{"72994":{"#nid":"72994","#data":{"type":"news","title":"New Design Creates Ultra Wideband Antenna","body":[{"value":"\u003Cp\u003EBy taking advantage of a phenomenon that earlier designers had struggled to avoid, engineers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) have developed a new approach to phased-array antenna design that could allow a single ultra-wideband device to do the job of five conventional antennas.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe \u0027Fragmented Aperture Antenna,\u0027 a computer-designed planar system, has already demonstrated a 33-to-1 bandwidth - well beyond the 10-to-1 ratio achieved by conventional designs.  The researchers believe they can extend that range to at least 100-to-1 for use in radar and communication applications.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Phased array antennas take up space, and if you must have a different antenna for every function - communications, radar and other tasks - the space required can be considerable,\u0022 noted Paul Friederich, a principal research engineer in GTRI\u0027s Signature Technology Lab (STL).  \u0022On any military platform, space is at a premium.  Our antenna can replace five conventional antennas, which would reduce the weight and volume required for antennas.\u0022 \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe GTRI ultra-wideband antenna would also have applications in most Department of Defense agencies.  Current ships must carry dozens of antennas - a problem for all ships, especially submarines.  Aircraft have limited surface area for antennas, with weight always a concern.  Ground vehicles and even individual soldiers could benefit from reducing the number of antennas they must carry, Friederich noted.  \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBecause it is flat and can be conformed to surfaces, the new antenna design could also have commercial applications, Friederich noted.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EKey to the new GTRI design was taking advantage of electronic interaction between antenna elements known as \u0027mutual coupling.\u0027  For years, antenna designers had been taught to minimize this interaction.  But with their detailed computer modeling, the GTRI engineers realized they could take advantage of it by electrically connecting the elements.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Instead of trying to avoid mutual coupling, we designed it into the antenna where it actually provides a lot of benefits - including allowing us to have an extremely wide bandwidth,\u0022 explained Jim Maloney, an STL principal research engineer.  \u0022What everybody used to avoid was actually the silver bullet that makes this work.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe 33-to-1 antennas are flat and include three layers of metal foil fabricated in computer-designed patterns using printed circuit board technology.  A prototype that works down to 300 MHz is16 inches square and about three inches thick - providing a substantial size, weight and volume savings over conventional \u0027egg crate\u0027 antennas. \n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022The advantage of this technology is that it is manufactured using planar printed circuit boards,\u0022 Maloney said.  \u0022We just laminate them together so they are flat.  The conformal nature of these antennas also provides an advantage.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond their circuitry pattern, the antennas also need a backplane to reflect electromagnetic energy - and protect the electronic control equipment behind the antenna.  The new antenna also relies on computer-designed innovations there: a \u0027broadband screen backplane\u0027 made up of foam and partially-conductive films.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022This is a materials sandwich that we designed using our computer modeling codes,\u0022 explained Friederich.  \u0022We had to make a new backplane that would be compatible with the extreme bandwidths so it wouldn\u0027t degrade the antenna performance, so we developed a laminate of foam and partially-conducting layers to do that in an optimal way.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond the technical issues they had to overcome, the researchers also faced skepticism from their colleagues - and an antenna test system that was designed for conventional devices.  For instance, they had to evaluate their 33-to-1 device in three different antenna test facilities to cover the entire frequency range.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EGTRI has been working on the ultra wideband antenna for nearly a decade, building new technology on top of detailed computer models.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Nobody could really study the mutual coupling effects until computers became good enough to evaluate what would happen when you moved elements around and changed their shapes in the presence of other elements,\u0022 said Maloney.  \u0022One of our strengths is an ability to do very detailed and accurate numerical models of antenna performance.  We can determine how antennas are going to perform without having to build them.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EThe new design will reduce antenna volume and weight. By simplifying construction of the radiating structures, the antenna electronics become the driver of the overall cost.  Long term savings there will depend on advances in microelectronics fabrication, Friederich cautioned.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond potential use on military aircraft, ships and ground vehicles, the technology developed in GTRI could also have applications for devices that would not need broad bandwidth - such as wearable antennas that could be incorporated into military uniforms or even tents.  The conformal nature of the devices could also open up commercial applications, though cost could be an obstacle.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u0022Now that we have shown the antenna works, we are in a consolidation phase of work in which we\u0027re trying to figure out which bandwidths make sense for particular applications, and we working with corporate partners to design the electronics that will be needed,\u0022 added Friederich.  \u0022It\u0027s just a matter of time before we see these antennas begin appearing on military platforms.\u0022\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003EBeyond Friederich and Maloney, development of the antenna has involved Doug Denison, Lynn Fountain, Brad Baker, Eric Kuster, Stephen Blalock, James Fraley and a number of co-op and graduate students.\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nGeorgia Institute of Technology\u003Cbr \/\u003E\n75 Fifth Street, N.W., Suite 100\u003Cbr \/\u003E\nAtlanta, Georgia  30308  USA\u003C\/strong\u003E\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMedia Relations Contacts\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon (404-894-6986); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:jtoon@gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ejtoon@gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E) or Kirk Englehardt (404-407-7280); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:kirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Ekirk.englehardt@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ETechnical Contact\u003C\/strong\u003E: Paul Friederich (404-894-3272); E-mail: (\u003Ca href=\u0022mailto:paul.friederich@gtri.gatech.edu\u0022\u003Epaul.friederich@gtri.gatech.edu\u003C\/a\u003E).\n\u003C\/p\u003E\n\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWriter\u003C\/strong\u003E: John Toon\n\u003C\/p\u003E","summary":null,"format":"limited_html"}],"field_subtitle":[{"value":"100-to-1 bandwidth will have potential military and commercial applications"}],"field_summary":[{"value":"Engineers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute (GTRI) have developed a new approach to phased-array antenna design that could allow a single ultra-wideband device to do the job of five conventional antennas.","format":"limited_html"}],"field_summary_sentence":[{"value":"Engineers have created an ultra-wideband antenna"}],"uid":"27303","created_gmt":"2006-05-09 00:00:00","changed_gmt":"2016-10-08 03:03:34","author":"John Toon","boilerplate_text":"","field_publication":"","field_article_url":"","dateline":{"date":"2006-05-09T00:00:00-04:00","iso_date":"2006-05-09T00:00:00-04:00","tz":"America\/New_York"},"extras":[],"hg_media":{"72995":{"id":"72995","type":"image","title":"Ultra wideband antenna","body":null,"created":"1449177971","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:26:11","changed":"1475894668","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:28"},"72996":{"id":"72996","type":"image","title":"Antenna patterns","body":null,"created":"1449177971","gmt_created":"2015-12-03 21:26:11","changed":"1475894668","gmt_changed":"2016-10-08 02:44:28"}},"media_ids":["72995","72996"],"related_links":[{"url":"http:\/\/www.gtri.gatech.edu\/","title":"Georgia Tech Research Institute"}],"groups":[{"id":"1188","name":"Research Horizons"}],"categories":[],"keywords":[],"core_research_areas":[],"news_room_topics":[],"event_categories":[],"invited_audience":[],"affiliations":[],"classification":[],"areas_of_expertise":[],"news_and_recent_appearances":[],"phone":[],"contact":[{"value":"\u003Cstrong\u003EJohn Toon\u003C\/strong\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003EResearch News \u0026amp; Publications Office\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Ca href=\u0022http:\/\/www.gatech.edu\/contact\/index.html?id=jt7\u0022\u003EContact John Toon\u003C\/a\u003E\u003Cbr \/\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E404-894-6986\u003C\/strong\u003E","format":"limited_html"}],"email":["jtoon@gatech.edu"],"slides":[],"orientation":[],"userdata":""}}}